OCE 1001 Ch. 7

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. Agulhas Current B. Benguela Current C. California Current D. Canary Current E. West Australian Current

A. Agulhas Current

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below.. A. California Current B. Canary Current C. Gulf Stream D. North Atlantic Current E. North Equatorial Current in the Atlantic Ocean

A. California Current

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. Gulf of Alaska B. Indian C. North Atlantic D. South Atlantic E. South Pacific

A. Gulf of Alaska

Which of the following is a Western boundary current?

Brazil current

Part A: Use the map of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean currents shown below to correctly identify the following ocean currents and gyres. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

California Current - E Gulf Stream - C Canary Current - F Benguela Current - D Subtropical gyre - B Peru Current - G Antarctic Circumpolar Current (West Wind Drift) - H Subpolar gyre - A Brazil Current - I

Match the term or description with the appropriate phrase. California Current

Cold current, northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes

Match the term or description with the appropriate phrase. Canary Current

Cold current, northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes

Part C: Using this image of the waters adjacent to the East Coast of the United States, match the correct letter to each of the following. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

Color for warm water - C Cold core ring - B Warm core ring - D Color fore cold water - A

Western boundary currents such as the Gulf Stream transport warm water from the tropics towards higher latitudes.

True

Part G: Under which conditions are droughts and wildfires common in Australia?

Under El Niño conditions.

Part C: The loss of heat from the ocean surface, resulting in a lowered temperature, causes ocean water to become

denser.

Deep ocean currents often move cold, dense water away from the poles.

True

Deep ocean water can be enriched in oxygen when it is mixed with surface water.

True

Deep ocean water masses have characteristics temperatures and salinities.

True

Of the following statements about deep-ocean currents, which are true?

(All but: Deep-ocean currents often travel faster than ocean surface currents.) -The volume of water involved in the downward movement of deep-ocean currents is equal to the flow of 100 Amazon-sized rivers. -Deep-ocean currents contain water that is high in oxygen. -Deep-ocean currents are initiated by downwelling of cold, dense water near Antarctica and in the North Atlantic Ocean. -Deep-ocean circulation is often referred to as thermohaline flow. -Deep-ocean currents are important regulators of global climate.

Of the following locations, where would upwelling be expected to occur?

-In areas of offshore winds -In areas of diverging surface currents, such as along the equator -Where there is a sharp bend in a coastline -Where there is a shallowly submerged sea floor obstruction, such as a tablemount

Part A: Surface ocean currents

-are influenced by Coriolis effect -form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins -are driven by winds

Part E: The diagram below shows a generalized cross-sectional view across the Atlantic Ocean. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding water masses and associated features. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

Antarctic Bottom Water - D Seasonally warm water - C Thermocline and pycnocline - A Warmest water - B Upwelling - G Antarctic Intermediate water - E North Atlantic Deep water- F

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. thermohaline circulation B. density-driven circulation C. Antarctic Bottom Water D. Kuroshio Current E. North Atlantic Deep Water

D. Kuroshio Current

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. Australian drought B. decreased fish stock in coastal Peru C. flooding rains in southeastern U.S. D. Peruvian upwelling stops E. strong trade winds

E. strong trade winds

Part E: Which direction do ocean currents in the South Pacific move under El Niño conditions?

Eastward

Surface of wind-driven currents move water primarily in a vertical direction in the ocean.

False

The Gulf Stream moves water away from the equator; the Benguela Current moves some of this same water back toward the equator.

False

The West Wind Drift occurs at 60º N around the Arctic Circle.

False

The densest ocean water is North Atlantic Deep Water.

False

Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current?

Gulf Stream

Part B: The current in the North Western part of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre that transports warm water toward the North Atlantic is called

Gulf Stream.

Downwelling may be the result of winds blowing parallel to a coastline or the convergence of surface currents.

True

Part B: What is the Walker Circulation Cell?

It is the path that air takes as it moves from high to low pressure, and back to high pressure, in the South Pacific under normal conditions.

Identify the mismatched pair from the choices below -Agulhas Current, West Australia Current -Labrador Current, Humboldt Current -Kuroshio Current, California Current -Canary Current, Gulf Stream -Brazil Current, Benguela Current

Labrador Current, Humboldt Current

Part D: The image below is a block diagram showing the Pacific Ocean during an El Niño event. Correctly match the letters with the corresponding features. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

Low atmospheric pressure - D Walker Circulation Cell (reversed direction) - B Pacific Warm Pool - E Thermocline - A High atmospheric pressure - C

Part H: What is the overall effects of the stronger than normal trade winds typical of La Niña conditions?

Lowering of the South Pacific ocean temperature from normal conditions.

Match the term or description with the appropriate phrase. upwelling

Movement of water from the bottom to the top of the water column.

Part D: A deep and powerful southward subsurface current that flows under the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic is the

North Atlantic Deepwater

Of the following surface currents, which ones flow from South to North?

Peru Current, Kuroshio Current, the Gulf Stream

Of the following gyres, which ones flow in a counterclockwise direction?

South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, Indian Ocean Subtropical Gyre, South Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Northern Hemisphere Subpolar Gyres

The deepest and most dense water mass in the world ocean is formed in the

Southern Ocean.

Dynamic topography can be used to determine current direction and velocity.

True

Part D: What would you expect weather to be like on the eastern coast of Australia id the western coast of South America were experiencing unusually warm, wet weather?

The eastern coast of Australia would be experiencing unusually dry weather

Part F: What is the South Oscillation?

The swapping of high and low pressure zones in the South Pacific under El Niño conditions.

Part B: The following block diagram shows coastlines in the Northern Hemisphere that are influenced by coastal winds (not shown). Based on the flow of surface waters due to Ekman transport, identify the correct coastal wind direction in each diagram. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the bottom of the diagram - B Wind blowing parallel to the coast and toward the top of the diagram - A

Part C: Why does upwelling occur along the West Coast of South America under normal conditions?

Winds moving westward in the South Pacific drive ocean currents toward the west; deep water rises to replace water driven westward.

Part A: The thermocline is

a steep temperature gradient in the ocean that separates deeper cold water form warmer upper water.

During a strong El Niño event, the news media might be expected to cover

a tropical cyclone in Hawai'i or Tahiti

Part C: Warm ocean currents

are warmer than the surrounding water.

The worldwide effects of El Niño include all of the following except

drought in the U.S. Gulf coastal states

Part B: Equatorial currents that are part of the subtropical gyres flow _. Equatorial counter currents between the gyres flow _.

east to west; west to east.

During the winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean

flow from land to sea and are dry

Part D: Cool ocean currents

generally flow from high latitudes toward the equator.

Part A: A large system of rotating ocean currents, usually driven by the major wind belts, is called a

gyre.

Part E: The subtropical gyres

play a large role in climate.

An indirect method of measuring ocean current is the use of

radar altimeters.

Part F: Deep ocean currents

result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content).

Records indicate that the ocean is warming faster in the Arctic polar regions than elsewhere. If that continues, a possible consequence could be

slowing of deep ocean circulation, resulting in lower oxygen levels in deep water.

Sources of deep water in the ocean include all of the following except

subtropical convergence.

Part E: Thermohaline circulation in the ocean is driven primarily by differences in _ and _ among water masses.

temperature; salinity

All are true of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current except

the Antarctic Circumpolar Current contributes to the development of Antarctic bottom water in the Weddell Sea.

In comparison to wind energy, ocean currents can generate more clean, renewable energy because

the density of water is greater than that of air.

Deep ocean current movement is also known as

thermohaline flow.

In the southern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always

to the left of the wind direction.

Western core rings and cold core rings are associated with

western boundary currents

Upwelling occurs in all the following locations except

where deep-ocean currents are formed.

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by _ and modified by

wind; the Coriolis Effect and land.