OCE Ch. 4
Calcareous ooze is found in cooler waters at depth around the world.
False
Macroscopic biogenous sediment is the most abundant biogenous sediment in the marine environment.
False
Sediments derived from weathered rock and volcanic activities are called biogenous sediments.
False
Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are:
LESS than 30% BIOGENOUS material.
What can you infer about the ocean environment from a core sample composed of the following layers: siliceous ooze (youngest layer) calcareous ooze basalt rock (oldest layer)
The core was collected in a REGION OF HIGH SURFACE productivity in water deeper than 4,500 meters.
Which of the following conditions allows for calcareous ooze to be found beneath the CCD? Select only one answer.
The ooze accumulates above the CCD and then is covered before being transported to deeper depths by sea floor spreading.
What do manganese nodules, metal sulfides, and evaporites all have in common?
They all PRECIPITATE from water oversaturated in their respective minerals.
Calcareous shells generally will not accumulate on the ocean floor when the water depth exceeds about 4,500 meters (around 15,000 feet).
True
Calcium carbonate, phosphates, and manganese may precipitate out of solution to form deposits on the ocean floor.
True
Organisms that live on the ocean floor may be responsible for keeping manganese nodules from being buried in the sediment.
True
Texture refers to the size and shape of sediment particles.
True
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:
a glacier
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. ice rafting
associated with glacial deposits
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. coccolithophores
biogenous sediment
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. biogenous B. calcareous C. cosmogenous D. hydrogenous E. lithogenous
calcareous
Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________.
calcium carbonate
The presence of what type of macroscopic sediment would provide evidence of a meteorite impact on Earth?
chondrites
The sea floor provides the largest reservoir of usable energy in the ocean—and likely the world—in the form of ______________.
clathrates
Ocean sediments provide all the following mineral resources except
coal
You add sand, silt, and clay to a jar of water, shake the jar vigorously, and allow the sediment to settle. The resulting sediment will most closely resemble that of a(n) __________.
continental rise
Sediments with an extraterrestrial origin are called:
cosmogenous.
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. CCD
depth at which all calcium carbonate is in solution (i.e. dissolved)
All the following are examples of lithogenous sediment except :
diatom ooze
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. manganese nodules
hydrogenous sediment
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. metal sulfides
hydrogenous sediment
Phosphate-rich nodules form in:
intermediate to shallow depth water.
Sediments derived from pre-existing rocks on land are called:
lithogenous
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. abyssal clay
lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristic?
low salinity
All the following statements are true of ocean sediments except :
ocean sediments are THICKEST in pelagic waters overlying the oceanic ridges.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. coccolithophores B. diatoms C. foraminiferans D. oolites E. radiolarians
oolites
Marine sediment with more than 30% biogenous material is called __________.
ooze
Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. Wentworth Scale
particle size classification
The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________.
quartz
Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?
radiolarians
Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by __________.
rotary drilling
Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of __________.
sand, silt, and gravel
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. siliceous ooze B. quartz sand C. rock fragments D. clay E. volcanic ash
siliceous ooze
All the following are examples of hydrogenous sediment except :
stromatolites.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Please identify the word and/or phrase that does NOT fit the pattern. Enter only the letter of the answer (caps, no period, and not the full entry) in the field below. A. halite and other salts B. manganese nodules C. metal sulfides D. phosphates E. tektites
tektites
The organisms that contribute to biogenous sediment are chiefly algae and protozoans.
True