oce1001 ch1

One of the reasons that free oxygen in our atmosphere is important to the development and maintenance of life on Earth is because oxygen: A) can form ozone and block some UV radiation. B) is necessary for photosynthesis to occur. C) reduces atmospheric temperature. D) combines with iron in volcanic rocks. E) was very abundant in Earth's early atmosphere.

A) can form ozone and block some UV radiation.

The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the:

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans.

Archeological evidence suggests that boat technology was developed about ________ years ago. A) 4,000,000 B) 40,000 C) 5,000 D) 400,000

B) 40,000

A rock sample contains 75 atoms of a parent isotope and 25 atoms of a daughter isotope. The half-life of the parent isotope is 100 years. How old is this rock? A) 25 years old B) 50 years old C) 75 years old D) 100 years old

B) 50 years old

The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was: A) Herodotus. B) Eratosthenes. C) Seneca. D) Ptolemy. D) Pytheas.

B) Eratosthenes

How do plants and animals gain the energy needed to carry out cellular functions? A) They utilize the energy in carbon dioxide. B) They utilize the energy in sugar. C) They utilize respiration. D) They utilize photosynthesis.

B) They utilize the energy in sugar.

When did our Solar System begin to form?

5 billion years ago

A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope. This isotope has a half-life of 1.5 months. How many TOTAL ATOMS will be in the container after 3 months? A) 100 atoms B) 50 atoms C) 33 atoms D) 25 atoms

A) 100 atoms

A container holds 100 atoms of an isotope. This isotope has a half-life of 1.5 months. How many atoms of the radioactive isotope will be in the container after 3 months? A) 25 atoms B) 33 atoms C) 50 atoms D) 100 atoms

A) 25 atoms

What is the chemical formula for sugar? A) C6H12O6 B) CHO C) H2O D) CO2 E) C3H6O3

A) C6H12O6

Which of the following ideas support our current scientific understanding of the development of life on Earth? Choose all that apply. A) Early organisms evolved into more-complex organisms over geologic time. B) The "prebiotic soup" of the primitive oceans provided favorable conditions for life to develop. C) Primitive life likely existed without the need for oxygen. D) As life evolved it significantly changed Earth's environment. E) The most primitive life on Earth needed sunlight to metabolize food.

A) Early organisms evolved into more-complex organisms over geologic time. B) The "prebiotic soup" of the primitive oceans provided favorable conditions for life to develop. C) Primitive life likely existed without the need for oxygen. D) As life evolved it significantly changed Earth's environment.

Waters from which ocean basins combine to form the Southern Ocean? Pacific Caspian Sea Arctic Indian Atlantic

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian

If you had an equally sized hand sample of each rock shown in the figure above, which would feel the heaviest?

basalt

Oceanic crust is primarily:

basalt

According to the fossil record on Earth, the earliest-known life-forms lived in sea floor rocks about 3.5 ________ years ago.

billion

Earth's atmosphere became oxygen rich about 2.45 ________ years ago.

billion

Evidence suggests that the Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about five ________ years ago.

billion

Which of the following is Earth's rigid layer that includes the crust plus the topmost portion of the mantle?

lithosphere

What does the term "asthenosphere" literally mean?

weak sphere

As shown in this video, Silly Putty will flow when stress is applied __________ and Silly Putty will fracture when stress is applied __________.

slowly, rapidly

Earth is about: 40 billion years old. 4.6 billion years old. 6,000 years old. 4.6 million years old.

4.6 billion years old.

The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately ________.

3,682 meters (12,080 feet)

The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the: A) differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth. B) initial collection of materials and their position in Earth. C) gravitational force created by the rotating Earth. D) presence of water at Earth's surface. E) decrease in temperature downward toward the core.

A) differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth.

The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________ oceanography. A) physical B) archaeological C) chemical D) biological E) geological

A) physical

The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography. A) physical B) geological C) archaeological D) biological E) chemical

B) geological

What is the scientific definition of half-life? A) the number of daughter isotopes that will be gained during a single radioactive decay event B) the amount of time over which the number of parent isotopes decreases by half C) the amount of time over which the number of daughter isotopes increases by half D) the number of parent isotopes that will be lost during a single radioactive decay event

B) the amount of time over which the number of parent isotopes decreases by half

Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the: A.) formation method. B.) ages of rocks. c.) origin of rocks. D.) metamorphism. E.) chemical composition of rocks.

B.) ages of rocks.

How did our Solar System begin to form? A) A large cloud of dust and gas began to contract under the force of magnetism. B) A large cloud of dust and gas began to expand under the force of magnetism. C) A large cloud of dust and gas began to contract under the force of gravity. D) A large cloud of dust and gas began to expand under the force of gravity.

C) A large cloud of dust and gas began to contract under the force of gravity.

Which statement(s) below correctly describe differences between oceanic and continental crust? A) Continental crust is dark in color, whereas oceanic crust is light in color. B) Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust. C) Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. D) Continental crust is mainly composed of granite, whereas oceanic crust is mainly composed of basalt. E) Continental crust floats higher on the mantle than oceanic crust.

C) Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. D) Continental crust is mainly composed of granite, whereas oceanic crust is mainly composed of basalt. E) Continental crust floats higher on the mantle than oceanic crust.

What happens during radioactive decay? A) Daughter isotopes turn into parent isotopes. B) Energy turns into daughter isotopes. C) Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes. D) Parent isotopes turn into energy. E) Daughter isotopes turn into energy.

C) Parent isotopes turn into daughter isotopes.

Two containers hold the same radioactive isotope. Container A contains 1000 atoms, and container B contains 500 atoms. Which of the following statements about containers A and B is true? A )The rate of decay of atoms in container B is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container A. B) The rate of decay of atoms in container B is the same as the rate of decay of atoms in container A. C) The rate of decay of atoms in container A is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container B.

C) The rate of decay of atoms in container A is greater than the rate of decay of atoms in container B.

Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth's oceans was due to ________. A) water-bearing minerals found in meteorites B) release of liquid water from the core C) water vapor released from volcanic outgassing D) comets from outer space

C) water vapor released from volcanic outgassing

How did the Moon form? A) The Moon formed at the same time as the Earth due to simultaneous accretion. B) The Moon erupted from the Earth leaving a scar at the Pacific Ocean. C) The Moon was captured by the gravitational pull of the Earth. D) The Moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth.

D) The Moon formed due to the impact of a Mars-sized body with the Earth.

The nebular hypothesis suggests that: A) galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another. B) the moon is derived from a protoplanet. C) Earth's moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity. D) all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud. E) the Earth was formed by a cosmic explosion, a "big bang."

D) all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud.

Earth's early atmosphere most likely included: A) nitrogen, ozone, and sulfur dioxide. B)ammonia, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. C) hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. D)carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia, and methane. e)all the above.

D) carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia, and methane.

Although Earth's oceans have existed since early in the formation of the planet, its ________ must have changed. A) color distribution B) physical state C) textural makeup D) chemical composition

D) chemical composition

Earth's current atmosphere supports animal life because __________. A) volcanic outgassing produced essential nitrogen and argon B) plant photosynthesis has provided carbon dioxide C) the oceans have provided water vapor D) plant photosynthesis provides oxygen that is critical for aerobic respiration E) bacterial action has produced essential methane

D) plant photosynthesis provides oxygen that is critical for aerobic respiration

What are the reaction products of photosynthesis? A) water and carbon dioxide gas B) oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas C) nitrogen gas and sugar D) sugar and sunlight E) oxygen gas and sugar

E) oxygen gas and sugar

Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of: A) guesses. B) laws. C) observations. D) hypotheses. E) theories.

E) theories.

What are the reaction products of respiration? A) nitrogen gas and oxygen gas B) sugar and energy C) oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas D) oxygen gas and sugar E) water and carbon dioxide gas

E) water and carbon dioxide gas

What common household item is used in this video to demonstrate the properties of the asthenosphere?

Silly Putty

Which ocean is the shallowest ocean in the world?

The Arctic Ocean

Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth?

The Pacific Ocean

Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world?

The Pacific Ocean

What happened when Mr. Trujillo hit the Silly Putty with his hammer?

The material fractured like a solid

What is a nebula?

a large, diffuse cloud of dust and gas in space

Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method?

observations

Where did the energy of the Sun come from originally?

thermal energy that was converted from the gravitational energy of the original nebula collapse

Compared to continental crust, oceanic crust is generally __________.

thinner, denser, darker in color, and at lower elevations