OCE1001 Chapter 5

We would expect the salinity of surface waters to be higher in regions where __________

evaporation is much greater than precipitation

If you were an explorer stranded in the Arctic Ocean, what method(s) could you use for creating fresh drinking water?

everything EXCEPT melt recently frozen seawater

A layer of rapidly changing salinity with depth is called a ________

halocline

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

We might expect to encounter brackish ocean surface water __________

off the coast of Washington and Oregon

The average salinity of typical seawater is:

3.5%

Of the following statements about the density of seawater, which is/are true?

-An increase in salinity increases seawater density -A decrease in temperature increases seawater density -An increase in pressure with depth has a negligible effect on density

Which of the following techniques can be used to measure the salinity of seawater?

-Pass electrical current through the water. -Evaporate the water sample and weigh the amount of solids that precipitate out -Measure the chlorinity of the water

Of the following statements about water's latent heat and changes in state, which is/are true?

-When water evaporates, its latent heat of evaporation absorbs heat. -In the vapor state, there are no weak (hydrogen) bonds between water molecules -In the solid state, all water molecules are connected by weak (hydrogen) bonds. -Latent heat allows water to transfer energy from one place to another. -When water vapor condenses and forms a liquid, it releases heat to the environment

Sea surface salinity is greatest at which of the following latitudes?

25 degrees

Which of the following best describes the Electrolysis Method for desalination?

A current is run through positive and negative electrodes in freshwater separated by semipermeable membranes from seawater.

Which is the most abundant ion in seawater?

Chloride

Of all the following processes which one increases the salinity of water?

Evaporation

Which of the following occurs at the same temperature as the melting point?

Freezing point

The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is:

HCO3-

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0 C. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise.

Which of the following best describes the Distillation Method for desalination?

Saltwater is boiled and the water vapor is passed through a cooling condenser, where it condenses as freshwater

Which of the following is the most abundant positively charged component of seawater?

Sodium

Which of the following best defines heat?

The energy transfer from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:

temperature

The primary difficulty that must be overcome in the use of desalination plants to provide fresh water is __________

the high cost of energy involved

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:

thermocline

Which of the following methods cannot be used to desalinate water?

Osmosis

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

density increases.

All the following processes decrease seawater salinity except :

evaporation

A layer in the ocean where a rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is called a:

pycnocline

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

the polarity of water molecules

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that

the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change