Ocean Chapter 12 Test
What happens to the calf
It dies
What happened to make whaling increase
The high amounts of oil that was found in whales
what can the mother whale do to keep her calf safe
it can injury the killer whales with its tail the mother also hurries the calf along
What happens to the lungs and rib cage of whales during a dive
They collapse
What does mercury do to our neurons
They deteriorate them slowly
Do dolphins talk
yes, through clicks and whistles
How does echolocation help the whales
It allows them to establish where the prey is so they can hone in on the object
What does a baleen whale eat
Krill
Once the object reflects the sound what part of the whale body picks it up first
Lower jaw
What did the killer whales eat?
Lower jaw and tongue
Which gender has a proboscis and why does it need one
Male, to attract mates
What is the name of the waxy part in their forehead that sends out the sound
Melon
What was the Miramata tragedy
Mercury poisoning, kids were born deformed
What part of the pinniped body stores more oxygen than ours
Muscles
The baleen whales are known as what
Mysticeti
What types of learning strategies have dolphins exhibited
Observation--> feather cleaning, also copying seals and turtles
The toothed whales are known as what
Odontoceti
Which whale type may have parasites in their inner ear that makes them beach themselves, is it baleen or toothed
Pilot whales, toothed
Who is most sensitive to mercury poisoning
Pregnant women and children
What does the mother try to do to help her calf
Push her calf to the surface
How do we know that whales were once 4 legged creatures
Remnants of vestigial pelvis and leg bones
Name the two types of eared seals
Sea lion, fur seal
What is the time period for the dolphin drives? How many dolphins are slaughtered each year
September to March, 23,000
What two things do we know about the forelimbs of true seals
Set closer tho the head and smaller than hind legs
What type of language is taught to captive dolphins
Sign language
How are the dolphins driven into the cove
Sound waves, the fishermen have long poles that they bang on, which create a wall of sound that scares the dolphins into the cove
How do cetacean brain size and brain to body ratios compare to human
The brain of a cetacean is bigger than a human, but a human has a higher brain to body ratio
What is the cortex and what is its function
The lobes of the brain, it is the brain of the dolphins--> measuring intelligence
Why, in some cultures, were dolphins once protected under the punishment of death
There were stories of dolphins saving lives, and also that the presence of a dolphin meant agility, health and joy
What happens to the kings and rib cage of whales during a dive
They collapse
What is the lie that the fishermen are telling those who ask why they are killing dolphins
Tradition/culture
What two types lack external ears and are more streamlined for swimming
True seals and walruses
Tail slapping of a whale indicates what 2 things?
marking position or aggressive behavior
How is having more blood in a pinniped advantageous
more oxygen
What is the biggest threat to manatees
propellers of boats
How is dolphin meat sold to the Japanese people
It is mislabeled
What protein makes up the baleen
Keratin
What is the only whale that will kill another whale
Killer whale
Which four groups of animals are pinnipeds
Seal, sea lion, walruses, elephant seal
How did Flipper (Kathy) die?
Suicide, she did not take another breath
Where is the cove
Taiji Japan
How has Japan been able to gain support from several Caribbean islands to ever the ban on whaling
They go to bankrupt islands and give them money to vote the way Japan wants them to vote
Sea otters do not have blubber. How do they stay warm?
They have extremely dense fur
How did Ric figure out that dolphins are self aware
They recognized which one was on TV and reacted to it
What is the purpose of the IWC
To protect whales/limit the fishing of them
Which group form pods
Toothed whales
What is conditioning
Type of learning--> rewards
How do dolphins communicate
Acoustics and sonar
How many ppm of mercury does dolphin meat contain
2000
Out of every 10 people how many depend on fish for food?
7
What is special about the humpback whale? What type are they
3 distinct populations--> baleen
What process is like sonar in toothed whales
Echolocation, sounds bounce off prey for the whale to track
How does a pinniped stay warm
Blubber
Which animals are targeting the gray whales
killer whales
What is the general name for whales when they have grooves on their ventral surface
Humpback and blue whales (baleen)
What does the mother do
Continues her migration
What do manatees and dugongs eat
sea grasses
What is the "s" word for the sea mermaids
sirenians
Why do whales spy hop
survey their surroundings
How did the film crew sneak cameras into he secret lagoon
they hid cameras in rocks
How many calves do whales give birth to
1-2
Which toothed whale is the largest
Sperm
Every time mercury moves up the ladder, it is magnified how many times?
10
Why is the slaughter of the dolphins called pest control by the fishermen
Because they are told that the dolphins eat too many of the fish that they catch and need to be taken care of
Bottlenose dolphins intelligence level is between what two other animals
Chimps and dogs
What does it mean to be self aware
Consciousness--> look in the mirror and know what you look at
How have the Japanese children in Taiji been exposed to Mercury
Dolphin meat has been given to school systems for free lunch meals
How are we, as humans, similar to whales and dolphins
We are air breathing mammals, intelligent and perceptive
What was one of the first environmental movements
Whale song recordings, to save the humpback whales
What is the general name for cetaceans
Whales
Do cetaceans use tools
Yes they have been seen to use sponges for protection from stingrays
How do whales stay warm
blubber
How long is the Gray whale's gestation period
13 months
How many cubs are born to a polar bear
2
How long did this hunt last
6 hours
What comes from the digestive system of sperm whales that is used to make perfumes
Ambergris
Where are polar bears found?
Arctic Region
Are the gray whales baleen or toothed
Baleen
Why are dolphins fed Maalox at many sea aquariums
Because of the stress--> ulcers
Which whale is all white and looks like a marshmallow? Is it toothed or baleen?
Beluga whale, toothed
Name 3 ways that polar bears are built for the cold weather
Black skin, 4 inches of fat/blubber, dense layer of fur
Cetaceans have more _ which holds more _
Blood, oxygen
What is the biggest animal that has ever lived on earth
Blue whale
Which whale is the largest of all animals? Is it baleen or toothed
Blue whale, baleen
Which type of sea lions is the best known one because it is used in the circus
California Sea lion
Why does metabolism and heart rate slow when pinniped are underwater
Conserve heat and oxygen
What is the function of the spermaceti organ in the sperm whale
Echolocation
How much does the blue whale's tongue weigh
Elephant
Which pinniped has a proboscis
Elephant seal
Which pinniped is the largest one
Elephant seal
Which pinnipeds dives the deepest and holds its breath the longest
Elephant seal
What is a proboscis
Enlarged, inflated nasal cavity
T or F the metabolism and heart rate increases when whales dive
F
T or F a sea otter give birth to a pup in the water
F, they give birth on the rocks
T or F polar bears cannot swim
False
Why are dolphins first closed off in the cove
For some to be selected for amusement/captivity--> also so they cannot escape
Male narwhals were sought during the middle ages for what reason? Are they toothed or baleen
For their tusk/unicorn, toothed
Why has Ric O'Barry been arrested so many times
Freeing captive dolphins
Which seal type has babies that turn PURE white after a few days
Harp seal
What is the connection between Ric and the TV show Flipper
He actually captured the 5 dolphins that were on the show
Define homeothermic (endothermic)
High metabolism to maintain constant body temperature
What is special about a "crabeater" seal
It eats plankton not crab
Which cetacean is the fastest one? is it toothed or baleen
Killer whale, toothed
Mammals are placentals. What does this mean?
The placenta nourishes the baby in the womb
How can you tell the difference between a porpoise and a dolphin, are these two toothed or baleen
The porpoise is broader across the back with no beak like a dolphin, they are toothed
What is the main cause of death for dolphins in captivity
Stress
How did the film crew know where to of to capture Taiji's secret
The government gave them a map of where NOT to go
Where does the brain get its information from
The inner ear
Which group needs more food to maintain a relatively constant body temperature
Warm blooded creatures
How does human blood compare to whale blood
Whales have a lot more blood and it is highly concentrated in oxygen
Why does the answer above happen
collapsing of the lungs allows prevention of broken ribs from the pressure of the water
What is whale breaching
completely or partially leaving the water
If nitrogen cannot go into the blood, the whale will not get what type of sickness
decompression sickness
What two substances are in whale milk that helps the baby to develop faster
fat and protein
How do whales propel themselves through the water
fluke or tail fin
What whales make the longest migrations of any marine animal
grey whales
How is nitrogen prevented from going into the blood of the whale
heart rate slows
About how long is gestation period in pinnipeds
less than one year
What do the attacking whales do to the calf
they push it underwater trying to drown it
Define gestation
time of pregnancy
Why do cetaceans need a blowhole
to get air
Where do manatees and dugongs give birth
underwater
Which pinnipeds has tusks
walruses
