Oceanography 104 Chapters 4,5,6
What is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 0 degrees and a longitutde if 120 degrees west? a.less than 50% by weight b.50-80% by weight c,greater than 80% by weight
50%-80% by weight
EXTRA CREDIT: What is the windspeed required for a catergory 5 hurricane?
57 MPH
Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is _______ in temperature and ________ in pressure a.colder;higher b.colder;lower c.warmer;higher d.warmer;lower
Colder:Higher
The dissolution of the thick of forminifers below the CCD is an example of _______ of biogenous sediment a.distruction b.dilution c.ecology d.erosion
Destruction
Which of the following is a bigenous sediment? A.beach sand B.
Diatom ooze
A boundary or belt characterized by light, variable winds, abuntadnt cloudniss and much precipitation occurs of the following regions? a.equatorial 0 to 5 degrees b.5 to 30 degrees c.30 degrees d.30 to 60 degrees e.60 degrees
Equatorial (0 to 5 degree)
Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) A. diatoms B. foraminiferans c. radiolarians d.phosphorites
Forminiferians
EXTRA CREDIT: How is the atmospheric pressure trending today?
LOOK ANWSER UP DAY OF
EXTRA CREDIT: What is the weather like given pressure trend?
LOOK UP DAY OF
High-energy enviornments are most likely to deposit which one of the following? A.clay sized particles B.cosmogenous sediment C.large particles such as gravel D.silt-sized particales
Large particles such as grave
Pelagic clays contain lots of material that settles to the seafloor through the water column and are a.less than 30% biogenous material b.more than 30% biogenous material c.more than 30% hydrogenous material d.less than 30% nertic material
Less than 30% biogenous material
Abyssal clay is an example of which of the following sediment types? a.biogenous b.cosmogenous c.hydrogenous d.lithogenous
Lithogenous sediment
EXTRA CREDIT: WHat is the local rock that was formed in a shallow sea that composes the Bookcliffs?
Mancos shale
EXTRA CREDIT: What are thr two most abundant elements in the atmosphere?
Oxygen and Nitrogen
The study of how the ocean, atmosphere and land have interacted in the past to produce changes in ocean chemistry, cirrculation, biology, and climate is called? a.biochemistry b.climatology c.historical oceanography d.paleoceanography
Paleoceanography
The sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overheard along the tropic of cancer, during the _________ a.summer solstice b.winter solstace c.vernal solstice d.autumnal equinox
Summer solstice
Which of the following best defines temperature? a.the amount of heat energy required to raise the temerpature of a substance by 1 degree celcius b.the direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substances molecules c.the ergy needed to break intermolecular binds that hild molecules in place d.the energy transfer from one body to another due to differance in temperature e.weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close together
The direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substances molecules
Which of the following best defines melting point? a.the highest themperature at which gas changes to a liquid b.the temperature at which liquid changes to a gas c.the temperature at which a solid changes to a gas d.the temerature at which a solid changes to a liquid
The temperature at wwhich a solid changes to a liquid
Which of the following powers tropical cyclones? a. a density driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and alanity b.an apparent force resulting from earths rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected c.heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another d.the last amount of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses
The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses
Which of the following best describes hydrogen bonding? a.strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely changed ions b.very strong binding between cations and aions c.very strong bonding from the sharing of electrons between atomic d.electrostastic attraction between changed areas of adjasent molecules e.weak interactions that become aignificant when molecules are very close together
Very strong bonding from the sharing of electrons between atoms
Which of the following parcels of air would have the lowest density? a.cool dry air b.cool moist air c.warm dry air d.warm moist air
Warm moist air
The apparent defection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the a.coriolis effect b.cyclonic effect c.ekman spiral d.hadley cell
coriolis effect
Low pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate _______ a. at a 45 degree angle from the prevailing wind direction b.clockwise c.counter clockwise d.to the left
counterclockwise
In the troposphere, air temperature_________ a.increase with increasing altitude b.decrease with increasing altitude c.are constant with decreasing altiude d.decrease with decreasing altitude
decrease with increasing altitude
when ice forms from seawater, the remaning seawater will have a _________ a.darker color b.decreased density c.higher salinity d.higher temperature
higher salinity
in comparision to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is ________ a.a function of salinity b.about the same as other liquids c.higher than other liquids d.lower than other liquids e.related to solvent concentration
higher than other liquids
Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called a.lithogenous B.biogenous C.hydrogenous D.cosmogenous
lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
The states of matter in which water exisits is primarly determined by _______ a.density b.salinity c.chlorinity d.temperature e.PH
temperature
The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are ______ a.temperature b.nitrogen and water vapor content c.temperature and water vapor content d.temperature and ozone
temperature and water vapor content
A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the _______ a.barocline b.halocline c.isocline d.pynocline e.thermocline
thermocline
As a result of the coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected _________ a.at a 40 degree angle from their original direction b.at a 90 degree angle from their original direction c.to the east of their original direction d.to the left of their original direction e.to the right of their original direction
to the right of their original direction
The oceanic climate regions where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is __________ a.polar b.subpolar c.temperate d.tropical
tropical
The coriolis eddect is due to changes in the _______ of earth with latitude a.chemical composition b.density c.pressure d.velocity
velocity
Which of the following will cause the highest air pressure at the surface? a.a column of cool dense air b.a column of cool less dense air c.a column of warm dense air d.a column of warm less dense air
A column of cool dense air
WHich of the following will cause the lowest air pressure at the surface? a.a column of cool dense air b.a column of cool less dense air c.a column of warm dense air d.a colum of warm less dense air
A column of warm, less dense air
Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely depositied by A.a glacier B.a river delta C.organisms D.a volcanic eruption E.the wind
A glacier
the density curve for high latitudes shows ______ density at the surface and _________ density at depth a.decreased;decreased b.decreased;increased c.increased;decreased d.increased;increased
Decreased, increased
Of all the following processes which one increases the salinity of water? a.precipitation b.runoff c.icebergs melting d.evaporation e.sea ice melting
Evaporation
which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differances in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities? a.high heat capacity b.high salinity c.high visocisty d.low heat capacity e.low visocosity
High heat capacity
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called? a. cosmogenous b.biogenous c.hydrogenous d.lithogenous
Hydrogenous
In coastal regions, sea breezes happens _________ and land breezes happen ________ a. at night;in the afternoon b.at night; in the morning c.afternoon;at night d.in the afternoon;in the morning e.in the morning;at night
In the afternoon, at night
Sediments found on contenintal margin are called? A.continental B.estuarine c.nertic d.pelagic
Nertic
The type of marine sediments that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is a. abyssal clay deposits b.managanesen nodule deposits c.nertic, lithogenous sediment deposits d.nertic siliceous sediment deposits
Nertic, lithogenous sediment deposits
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called? a.destruction b.dilution c.productivity d.erosion
Productivity
Which of the following contains silica (SiCO2) a. coccolithophores b.radiolarians c.foraminiferans d.phosphorites
Radiolarians
Ocean sediments consist of particles that have slowly settled out of the water by which of the following the processes? a.grain lithification b.paleoceanography c.porostiy reduction d.suspension setting
Suspension settling
The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is? a.angularity b.compostion c.fabric d.texture
Texture
Latent heat is the quanity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a __________ a.change in chemical composition b.change in molecular weight c.change in state d.change in atomic mass e.change in subatomic structure
change in state
The intensity of solar radiation recived at lower latitudes (near the equator) compared to higher latitudes (near the poles) is _________ a.the same b.lower c.greater
greater
Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to ___________ a.be deflected toward the east b.be deflected toward the west c.circulate counterclockwise d.circulate clockwise
he deflected toward the east
The strength of a hurricane stems from waters _________ a.latent heat of condensation b.latent heat of fusion c.latent heat of melting d.latent heat of sublimation _
latent heat of condensation
A layer of rapidly changing salinity with depth is called a _________ a.halocline b.lysocline .pycnocline d.syncline e.thermocline
pycnocline
An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the ______ a.barocline b.halocline c.isocline d.pynocline e.thermocline
pycnoline
The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to _______ a.high winds b.intense precipitation c.low atmospheric pressure d.storm surge
storm surge
low latitude wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the a.doldrums b.horse latitudes c.plar latitudes d.trade winds e.westerlies
trade winds
Earths axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of ___________ a.0 degrees b.23.5 degrees c.180 degrees d.90 degrees
23.5 degrees
Sea surface salinity is greatest at which of the following latitudes? a.5 degrees b.25 degrees c.45 degrees d.65 degrees e.85 degrees
25 degrees
the average salinity of typical seawater is _________ a.0.35% b.2.0% c.3.5% d.10% e.25%
3.5%
The major deserts of the wold occur in which of the following regions? a.equatorial 0 to 5 degrees b.5 to 30 degrees c.30 degrees d.30 to 60 degrees e.60 degrees
30 degrees
A boundary or belt characterized by winds generally from the west and brings storms that influence weather across the united states occurs in which of the following regions? a.equatorial 0 to 5 degrees b.5 to 30 degrees c.30 degrees d.30 to 60 degrees e.60 degrees
30 to 60 degrees
A boundary or belt characterized by cold, dry winds generally from the east, occurs in which of the following regions? a.equatorial 0 to 5 degrees b.5 to 30 degrees c.30 degrees d.30 to 60 degrees e.60 degrees
60 degrees
Which if the following occurs at the same temperature as the boiling point? a. condensation point b.freezing point c.melting point d.polarization point e.lagrangian point
Condensation Point
Sediments with an extraterrestrial orgin are called? a.cosmogenous b.biogenous c.hydrogenous d.lithogenous
Cosmogenous
The doldrums occur in which of the following regions? a.equatorial 0 to 5 degrees b.5 to 30 degrees c.30 degrees d.30 to 60 degrees e.60 degrees
Equatorial (to 5 degrees)
What is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 20 degrees south and a longitude of 20 degrees west? a.less than 50% by weight b.50-80% by weight c.greater than 80% by weight
Greater than 80% by weight
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0 degrees C. what happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added? a.it immediately begins to rise slowly b.it remains constant until the ice melts and then it begins to rise c.it rises rapidly as the ice melts d.it rises slowly until it reaches 32 degrees c and then it remains constant as the ice melts
It remains constant until the ice melts and then it begins to rise
What is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 0 degrees and a longitude of 160 degrees west? a.less than 50% by weight b.50-80% by weight c.greater than 80% by weight
Less than 50% by weight
Glacial deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? a.biogenous b.cosmogenous c.hydrogenous d.lithogenous
Lithogenous sediment
Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following? a.biogenous b.cosmogenous c.hydrogenous d.lithogenous
Lithogenous sediment
Turbidite deposits are an example of which of the following sediment types? a.biogenous b.cosmogenous c.hydrogenous d.lithogenous
Lithogenous sediment
Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics? a. low carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures b.lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures c.lots of carbon dioxide and warmer temperatures d.low pressure and warmer temperatures
Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures
Which of the following surface seawater salinity conditions would you predict for the following location: Latitude: 60 degrees north Longitude: 20 degrees west a.high surface seawater salinity due to evaporation b.high surface seawater salinity due to precipitation c.low surface seawater salinity due to evaporation d.low surface seawater salinity due to precipitation
Low surface seawater salinity due to precipitation
What percentage of the rocks exposed on the continents originated as sedimentary rocks deposited in ancient ocean environments? a.less than twenty percent b.twenty to thirty percent c.thirty to forty percent d.forty to fofty percent d.more than fifty percent
More than fifity percent
Which of the following is a biogenous sediment? a.evaporates b.halites c.manganese nodule d.phosphates e.stromalite
Stomatolites
Which of the following is responsible for 90% for the deaths associated with hurricanes? a. fallen trees b.flooding c.landslides d.storm surges e.strong winds
Storm surge
Which of the following best defines latent heat? a.the amount of heat energy required to raise the temerpature of a substance by 1 degree celcius b.the direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substances molecules c.the ergy needed to break intermolecular binds that hild molecules in place d.the energy transfer from one body to another due to differance in temperature e.weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close together
The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in pace
Which of the following best describes heat? a. the amount of heat energy required to rais the temperature of substance by 1 degree celcius b.the direct measure of the average kinetic energy of a substances molecules c.the energy needed to break the intermoleculer bonds that hold molecules in place d.the energy transfer from one body to another due to a differance in temperature e.weak interactions that become significant when molecules are very close together
The energyy transfer from one body to another due to a differance in temperature
Which of the following statements about the movement of earths atmosphere is correct? a.a column of cool dense air produces low pressure at the earths surface b.a column of warm less dense air produces high pressure at the earths surface c.warm air is denser than cool air so it tends to sink towards the earths surface d.the movement of air within the atmospheric convention cells generates the sind belts e.cold air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the earths surface
The movement of air within the atmospheric convention cells generates the wind belt
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of ________? a. electron sharing b.electron tranfering c.the polarity of the water molecules d.surface tension e.the viscosity of water
The polarity of water molecules
The atmospheric high-pressure cells over North America in the map suggest that the atmospheric patterns shown most likely represent which season for the northern hemisphere? a.fall b.spring c.summer d.winter
Winter
Sediments produced by plants and aniamls in the sea are called A. Cosmogenous B.Biogenous C.hydrogenous D.terrigenous
biogenous
The air surronding of the eye of the hurricane is _________ and air moving ___________ a.cool dry;downward b.cool dry;upward c.warm most;downward d.warm most; upward
cool dry; downward
As the salinity if seawater increases, its __________ a.density decreases b.density increases c.residence time increases d.residnse time decreasses e.residense time changes
density increases
Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significally modified by earths tilted axis or rotation and ________. a.differances in the heat capacities of the ocean and land b.differances in the latituinal albedo c.ekman transport d.latitudinal variations in the corolic effect e.variations in incoming solar radiation over many years
differances in the heat capacities of the ocean and land
The depostion of coarse grained lithogenous material in neritic enviornments along continental margins is an example of the ________ if biogenous material a.destruction b.dilution c.ecology d.erosion
dilution
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called\ A.Cosmogenous B.biogenous c.hydrogenous d.lithogenous e.volcanogenic
hydrogenous
The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the _______ a.closed cycle b.geologic cycle c.hydrobiological cycle d.hydrologic cycle e.meterological cycle
hydrologic cycle
The salinity curve for low latitudes shows _______ salinity at the surface and _______ salinity at depth a.decreased;decreased b.decreased;increased c.increased;decreased d.increased;increased
increased, decreased
the surface tension of water ___________ a.increases as density decreases b.is related to salinity c.is reletively high d.is reletively low e.is very similar in other liquids
increases as density decreases
the doldrums refer to the same religon as the __________ a.inter tropical convergance zone b.jet stream c.subtropical jet stream d.subtropics
inter tropical convergence zone
Many of the unigue properties of water are attributed to the fact that water ________ a.contains ionic bonds b.exists in three states of matter on earths surface c.is polar molecule d.is a universal solvent e.requires heat to condense
is a polar molecule
A person experiances a popping feeling in their ears durning the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the _________ of the atmosphere a.density b.movement c.pressure d.temperature
pressure
Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by coller air frm the ocean may produce a _________ a. land breese b.tropical cyclone c.typhoon d.sea breeze
sea breeze
