Oceanography Chapter 15

Coral reefs contain almost 1/3 of all marine fish species.

True

Coral reefs contain more algal biomass than animal biomass.

True

Fiddler crabs are commonly found inhabitants of tide pools.

True

One characteristic of hydrothermal vent communities is unusually large organisms such as tubeworms and clams.

True

The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is:

burrowing into the sediment.

Limpets are commonly found in the middle portion of the intertidal zone on a rocky shore.

False

The eastern side of an ocean basin tends to have greater diversity of reef-building corals than the western side.

False

The increase in the number of crown-of-thorn sea stars has been linked to human activities.

False

The supralittoral zone of the rocky shore is the area between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide.

False

Zooxanthellae are important members of hydrothermal vent communities

False

Two frequent inhabitants of a rocky coast tide pools are:

sea anemone and hermit crab

The most important limiting factor for the number of organisms in the rocky middle tide zone is:

space.

Asterias, sea anemone, sea urchin, surf grass

low tide zone

The distribution of benthic biomass is related to:

surface productivity.

Most of the hydrothermal vents and cool-water seeps on the seafloor were discovered during which decade?

1980s

Lithothamnion

A & D

shore crab

A, C, D, and E

Which of the following is a threat to coral reef survival?

All the above might contribute to the decline of a coral community.

limpet, Littorina

C & E

Zooxanthellae are autotrophic marine protists that are found in the living tissues of some simple marine invertebrates such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Zooxanthellae are members of the:

Division Dinoflagellata.

Faunal zonation across a sediment-covered shore is best seen when the shore is gently sloping.

False

Hypersaline seep communities rely on photosynthesis.

False

Benthic diversity decreases at higher latititudes.

True

Species diversity is highest in coral reef communities.

True

Temperature of ocean water has a significant affect on species diversity of benthic communities.

True

Eutrophication is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the

amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates excessive algal growth.

Some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the supralittoral zone because they:

are filter feeders or cannot tolerate desiccation.

Male fiddler crabs use their enlarged claw to:

attract a mate.

Two dominant organisms of the rocky shore found high on the rocks of the intertidal zone are:

buckshot barnacle and rockweed.

Oysters prefer:

clean moving water.

Two dominant organisms commonly found at mid-water levels of the rocky intertidal zone are:

goose barnacle and mussel.

Which of the following factors does not limit coral growth?

high concentrations of calcium carbonate in the water

buckshot barnacle, Fucus filiformis,

high tide zone

Hydrocarbon seeps have been discovered :

in the Gulf of Mexico.

The sublittoral rocky bottom zone is dominated by:

kelp

The depth to which a bivalve can bury itself depends on the:

length of the respiratory structure

The loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms is caused by:

loss of zooxanthellae.

The common annelid found in a sandy beach environment is the:

lugworm.

The buttress zone of a coral reef is likely to have which variety of coral?

massive branching corals

Organisms that live in the spaces between sediment particles are called:

meiofauna

Subduction zone seeps support communities from:

methane-rich waters.

acorn barnacle, gooseneck barnacle, hermit crab, mussel,

middle tide zone

All of the following are examples of strategies employed by organisms to survive wave shock in the rocky intertidal zone except:

motile larvae

Which of the following marine habitats has the lowest species diversity?

mud flat

The relationship between the protistan zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a(n):

obligate mutualistic endosymbiosis.

Corals with delicate growth patterns are usually found

on the reef slope.

A common inhabitant of the supralittoral zone on the rocky shores of the Pacific Northwest is the:

periwinkle snail.

The low-water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by:

seaweeds and surf grasses.

The three varieties of seeps on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon and:

subduction zone seeps

Primary producers in hydrothermal vent communities are:

sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

All the following are associated with hypersaline seeps except:

very high temperature.