Oceanography Chapter 7 Mastering
Sources of deep water in the ocean include
Arctic convergence, Antarctic convergence, southern subpolar latitudes, and northern subpolar latitudes
What currents are a part of the eastern boundary?
California Current, Canary Current, Peru Current, and W. Australian Current
What is responsible for Peru becoming the largest producer of fish in the world?
Humboldt Current
The Sargasso Sea is the water that circulates around the rotation center of the _____ gyre.
North Atlantic
The deepest and densest water mass in the world ocean is fored in the _________
Southern Ocean
T/F: Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres".
True
An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ______ in temperature or a/an ____ in salinity.
decrease; increase
Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ______
density differences
Thermohaline circulation is driven by ____
density differences
What is used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly?
doppler flow meter
The Benguela current is what type of current?
eastern boundary current
The Peru (humboldt) current is what type of current?
eastern boundary current
The Western Australian Current is what type of current?
eastern boundary current
Coastal winds can cause upwelling or downwelling due to_____
ekman transport
The observation that ships and icebergs in the southern hemisphere float to the left o the wind direction is an example of _______
ekman transport
During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean _______
flow from land to sea and are dry
What is used to measure deep ocean currents directly?
free- drifting argo floats
What two factors cause geostrophic circulation within a gyre?
gravity and the coriolis effect
Deep water circulation brings oxygen from the surface to the deep ocean because of _____
greater dissolution of oxygen in colder water than warmer water
Deep water currents move _____ volumes of water and are much ____ than surface currents.
larger; slower
upwelling is the
movement of water from the bottom to the top of the water column
downwelling is the
movement of water from the top to the bottom of the water column
The western boundary current is ______ than the eastern boundary current.
narrower, deeper, warmer, and has more velocity
ekman transport is
net water movement to the left or right of the direction of the wind
The North Atlantic Current is what type of current?
northern boundary current
Ocean surface currents transfer about ______ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles.
one-third
What results in downwelling?
onshore Ekman transport
The observation of a hill of water within all subtropical gyres is _____
subtropical convergence
The El Nino Southern Oscillation can be described as.....
the relationship between seas surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure
The Ekman spiral is caused by
the wind and the coriolis effect
In the Southern Hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is always ____
to the left of the wind direction
Equatorial currents are driven by the ____
trade winds
The surface water circulation near Antarctica can be described as ______
two circumpolar currents that dominate it, one current that moves the water to the east and one current that moves the water to the west.
Diverging surface waters are areas of ____ and _____ productivity.
upwelling; high
geostrophic current is
water flow driven by gravity and modified by the coriolis effect
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also known as ____
west wind drift
The Agulhas current is an example of what current?
western boundary current
The Kuroshio (japan) current is what type of current?
western boundary current
Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ______ and modified by______.
wind; the coriolis effect and land
