Oceanography Final part 3
The average salinity of typical seawater is
3.5%
All are parts of the continental margin, except: continental slope, continental rise, fracture zone, continental shelf, submarine canyon
fracture zone
bonds that hold adjacent water molecules together
hydrogen
new lithosphere is produced in association with
mid-0cean ridges
In the southern hemisphere the direction of the Ekman transport is
to the left of the wind direction
Equatorial currents are driven by the
trade winds
Submarine canyons were most likely formed by erosion by
turbidity currents
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are
turbidity currents
Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through
upwelling
replacement water coming from the bottom to the top of the water column
upwelling
transport of water to the left or right of the wind direction
Ekman transport
device used for side-scan sonar
GLORIA
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0 degrees C. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?
It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise
Which is a mismatched pair? Canary Current, Gulf Stream Kuroshio Current, California Current Brazil Current, Benguela Current Agulhas Current, West Australia Current Larbrador Current, Humboldt Current
Labrador Current, Humboldt Current
uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth
PDR
The location where water flows uninterrupted between the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean is
Southern Ocean
basic building blocks of all matter
atoms
measurement of ocean depth and seafloor topography
bathometry
Characteristics of active continental margins include all, except: broad continental shelf, deep-sea trenches, this sediment accumulation, chains of island, volcanic and earthquake activity
broad continental
The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of
calorie
Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a
change in state
change in state from gas to liquid
condensation
Which does not belong? abyssal plain, continental flood basalt, continental rise, continental shelf, continental slope
continental flood basalt
bonds that involve the sharing of electrons between atoms
covalent
old lithosphere is destroyed in association with
deep-sea trenches
Thermohaline circulation is driven by
density
As the salinity of seawater increases, its
density increases
replacement water coming from the top to the bottom of the water column
downwelling
negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit an atomic nucleus
electrons
All of the following processes decrease seawater salinity except: evaporation, sea ice melting, precipitation, iceberg melting, river runoff
evaporation
change in state from liquid to gas
evaporation
driven by gravity and modified by the Coriolis force
geostrophic flow
area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth
halocline
The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the ocean, and the continents is known as the
hydrologic cycle
cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation
hypsometric curve
charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons
ions
decreases seawater salinity
precipitation and river input
area of rapid change in density with slight change in depth
pycnocline
Which does not belong? abyssal hill, guyot, ridge crest, sea know, tablemount
ridge crest
increases seawater salinity
sea ice formation, evaporation and high temperature
used to determine shape and position of Boundaries
seismic survey
The correct order of marine provinces from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is
shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
change in state from solid to gas
sublimation
The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is a
sverdrup
A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the
thermocline
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of
the polarity of water molecules
The Principle of Constant Proportion states that
the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change
The Ekman spiral is driven by
wind
Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by ____ and modified by _____
wind; the Coriolis effect and land