Oceanography Final part 3

The average salinity of typical seawater is

3.5%

All are parts of the continental margin, except: continental slope, continental rise, fracture zone, continental shelf, submarine canyon

fracture zone

bonds that hold adjacent water molecules together

hydrogen

new lithosphere is produced in association with

mid-0cean ridges

In the southern hemisphere the direction of the Ekman transport is

to the left of the wind direction

Equatorial currents are driven by the

trade winds

Submarine canyons were most likely formed by erosion by

turbidity currents

Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are

turbidity currents

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through

upwelling

replacement water coming from the bottom to the top of the water column

upwelling

transport of water to the left or right of the wind direction

Ekman transport

device used for side-scan sonar

GLORIA

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0 degrees C. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise

Which is a mismatched pair? Canary Current, Gulf Stream Kuroshio Current, California Current Brazil Current, Benguela Current Agulhas Current, West Australia Current Larbrador Current, Humboldt Current

Labrador Current, Humboldt Current

uses high frequency sound waves to measure ocean depth

PDR

The location where water flows uninterrupted between the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean is

Southern Ocean

basic building blocks of all matter

atoms

measurement of ocean depth and seafloor topography

bathometry

Characteristics of active continental margins include all, except: broad continental shelf, deep-sea trenches, this sediment accumulation, chains of island, volcanic and earthquake activity

broad continental

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of

calorie

Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a

change in state

change in state from gas to liquid

condensation

Which does not belong? abyssal plain, continental flood basalt, continental rise, continental shelf, continental slope

continental flood basalt

bonds that involve the sharing of electrons between atoms

covalent

old lithosphere is destroyed in association with

deep-sea trenches

Thermohaline circulation is driven by

density

As the salinity of seawater increases, its

density increases

replacement water coming from the top to the bottom of the water column

downwelling

negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit an atomic nucleus

electrons

All of the following processes decrease seawater salinity except: evaporation, sea ice melting, precipitation, iceberg melting, river runoff

evaporation

change in state from liquid to gas

evaporation

driven by gravity and modified by the Coriolis force

geostrophic flow

area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth

halocline

The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the ocean, and the continents is known as the

hydrologic cycle

cumulative plot of area versus depth or elevation

hypsometric curve

charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons

ions

decreases seawater salinity

precipitation and river input

area of rapid change in density with slight change in depth

pycnocline

Which does not belong? abyssal hill, guyot, ridge crest, sea know, tablemount

ridge crest

increases seawater salinity

sea ice formation, evaporation and high temperature

used to determine shape and position of Boundaries

seismic survey

The correct order of marine provinces from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is

shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain

change in state from solid to gas

sublimation

The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is a

sverdrup

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the

thermocline

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of

the polarity of water molecules

The Principle of Constant Proportion states that

the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change

The Ekman spiral is driven by

wind

Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by ____ and modified by _____

wind; the Coriolis effect and land