Oceans Chapter 3
78) Where are the deepest portions of the world's oceans found?
C) At convergent plate boundaries
46) Ascension Island is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a ____
A) mid-ocean ridge
20) Segments of the oceanic ridge system that are gentler and less rugged in slope due to faster rates of seafloor spreading are called
A) oceanic rises
23) With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform vaults are
A) perpendicular to the ridge axis
14) Volcanic peaks on the deep-ocean floor with conical tops are called ________.
A) seamounts
5) The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is ________.
A) shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
3) Satellites are used to map the ocean floor because ________.
A) the shape of the ocean surface reflects large features on the seafloor
39) Seamounts and abyssal hills are ________ in origin.
A) volcanic
73) All true oceanic islands are ________ in origin.
A) volcanic
21) Warm-water (From 30°C to 350°C) hydrothermal vents form ________.
C) white smokers
26) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Shelf break B) Continental rise C) Continental slope D) Abyssal hill E) Continental shelf
D) Abyssal hill
7) Characteristics of passive continental margins include which of the following? 7) _____
D) Broad continental shelves
63) Where does the deep-ocean basin begin along a passive continental margin?
D) Continental slope
64) The relief in which of the following regions is similar to that found in mountain ranges on the continents?
D) Continental slope
24) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. A) SeaBeam B) Sea MARC C) Precision depth recorder (PDR) D) Global positioning system (GPS) E) GLORIA
D) Global positioning system (GPS)
56) The first recorded attempt to measure the ocean's depth was conducted using which of the following techniques?
D) Sounding
45) What percent of Earth's volcanic activity, each year, takes place on the seafloor?
85%
28) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Continental flood basalt B) Continental slope C) Continental rise D) Continental shelf E) Abyssal plain
A) Continental flood basalt
59) Which of the following is an example of a passive continental margin?
A) East Coast of the United States
36) What is a linear sea floor feature that is seismically inactive, occurs beyond offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction?
A) Fracture zone
72) Which of the following is the predominant process that forms the metallic minerals in and around black smokers?
A) Precipitation
25) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Rift valley B) Continental margin C) Active margin D) Transform active margin E) Convergent active margin
A) Rift valley
58) Oceanographers who want to know about ocean structure beneath the sea floor use which of the following
A) Seismic Reflection
50) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Multibeam SONAR systems have resolution limitations in deep water BECAUSE beams of sound spread out with depth.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
53) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Continental slopes around the margins of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans are less than the global average slope BECAUSE they contain mostly passive continental margins.
A) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
76) Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes the continental shelves of passive margins?
A) The gentle slope above sea level
61) The average slope of the continental shelf is approximately ________.
A) a tenth of a degree
12) Extending from the base of the continental rises into the deep-ocean basins are flat depositional surfaces called
A) abyssal hills
9) Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the ________.
A) continental rise
18) Oceanic ridges and rises result from seafloor spreading along ________.
A) divergent plate boundaries
11) Submarine canyons were most likely formed by ________.
A) erosion by turbidity currents
44) A tablemount is another name for a(n) ________.
A) guyot
42) Volcanic peaks that are below sea level but rise more than 1 kilometer above the deep-ocean floor and have a flattened top are called ________.
A) guyots
8) Which of the following features is related to transform faults along mid-ocean ridges?
B) Fracture zone
80) The distinctive type of sedimentary layering that has largest particles on the bottom and smallest particles on the top, with intermediate sized particles in the middle, is called which of the following?
B) Graded Bedding
68) Which of the following is the predominant process that forms the thick blanket of sediment on abyssal plains the deep-ocean floor?
B) Suspension settling
52) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Continental slopes around the margin of the Pacific Ocean are greater than the global average slope BECAUSE the Pacific Ocean is the world's largest ocean, covering more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth.
B) The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.
79) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean BECAUSE turbidity currents only occur along passive continental margins.
B) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
49) The island of Honshu is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a ________.
B) island arc
16) Along the margins of the Pacific are found most of Earth's ________.
B) oceanic trenches
10) Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are ________.
B) turbidity currents
60) Passive margins are usually produced over geologic time by which of the following?
C) Continental rifting and continued sea floor spreading
33) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Rift valley B) Black smoker C) Deep focus earthquake D) Hydrothermal vent E) White smoker
C) Deep focus earthquake
6) Active continental margins are characterized by which of the following?
C) Deep-sea trenches
Which of the following is the standard unit of ocean depth?
C) Fathom
37) Is a linear sea floor feature that has the following properties a transform fault, a fracture zone, or neither? It is seismically active, it occurs between offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction
C) Neither
38) Is a linear sea floor feature that has the following properties a transform fault, a fracture zone, or neither? It is seismically inactive, it occurs between offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the same direction.
C) Neither
67) Deep-ocean trenches and volcanic arcs result from the collision of two plates at convergent plate boundaries and mostly occur along the margins of which of the following oceans?
C) Pacific Ocean
66) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean BECAUSE the deep-ocean trenches found on the convergent active margins of the Pacific Ocean prevent sediment from moving past the continental slope.
C) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
54) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Pacific Ring of Fire is home to the majority of Earth's active volcanoes and large earthquakes BECAUSE of the prevalence of divergent plate boundaries along the Pacific Rim.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
71) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Organisms found at mid-ocean ridges are able to survive in the absence of sunlight BECAUSE the light generated by the undersea lava flows is enough for photosynthesis to occur.
C) The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
74) Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes the mid-ocean ridges?
C) The shallowest slope below sea level
65) Which of the following best describes turbidity currents?
C) Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and other debris
34) Satellites use microwave beams to measure sea level to an accuracy of four
C) centimeters
17) Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with ________.
C) deep-sea trenches
19) New lithosphere is produced in association with ________.
C) oceanic ridges
43) Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less than 1000 meters tall are called ________
C) seaknolls
2) The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is ________.
C) sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling)
77) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The Earth's longest mountain chain called the mid- ocean ridge differs from mountain chains on land BECAUSE along most of its crest it contains a central downdropped rift valley .
D) The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
51) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Echo sounders cannot detect and track submarines BECAUSE sound from echo sounders bounces off any density difference.
D) The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
75) Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes linear scars in the ocean floor, caused by the collision of two plates along convergent plate margins?
D) The steep deepest part below sea level
15) Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less than 1,000 meters (0.6 miles) tall are called ________.
D) abyssal hills
22) The direction of motion along a seafloor transform fault is ________.
D) in the same direction as the plates are spreading
4) The two relatively flat areas on the hypsographic curve represent ________.
D) interior continental areas and abyssal plains on the ocean floor
48) The island of Java is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a ________.
D) island arc
1) The instrument that emits a high-frequency sound beam to measure the depth of the ocean developed in the 1950s is the ________.
D) precision-depth recorder (PDR)
41) Volcanic peaks that are below sea level but rise more than 1 kilometer above the deep-ocean floor and have a pointy top like an upside-down ice cream cone are called ________
D) seamounts
13) Relatively few abyssal plains are located in the Pacific Ocean due to ________.
D) the presence of convergent active margins
69) How many volcanic peaks are known to exist on the Pacific sea floor?
E) > 20,000
62) The average slope of the continental shelf is similar to the slope of which of the following?
E) A large parking lot
27) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Turbidite deposits B) Graded bedding C) Turbidity currents D) Deep-sea fans E) Abyssal plains
E) Abyssal Plains
31) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Oceanic rise B) Seafloor spreading C) Oceanic ridge D) Rift valley E) Abyssal hill
E) Abyssal hill
55) Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: There is no relative motion across a transform fault BECAUSE the parts of the lithospheric plate cut by a transform fault are moving in the same direction.
E) Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
70) Tamu Massif, the largest single volcano on Earth occurs in which of the following oceans?
E) Pacific Ocean
30) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Volcanic arc B) Continental arc C) Ocean trench D) Island arc E) Passive margin
E) Passive margin
29) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Tablemount B) Abyssal plain C) Seamount D) Abyssal hill E) Submarine canyon
E) Submarine canyon
35) What is a linear sea floor feature that is seismically active, occurs between offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the opposite direction?
E) Transform fault
32) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Metal sulfide deposits B) Seamounts C) Pillow basalts D) Rift valley E) Trenches
E) Trenches
47) The Big Island of Hawaii is an example of a volcanic island associated with volcanic activity at a ________.
E) hotspot
40) Worldwide, scientists estimate that there are about 125,000 known seamounts, many of which originated at ________ centers.
E) volcanic
