Oral Communication - L01-5

According to DeVito (2005)

"Context refers to the setting in which the communication takes place. Context helps to establish meaning and can influence what is said and how it is said."

Topic

- may also be a barrier to communication because of its vagueness, complexity, emotional pull, or hidden agenda. The speaker must avoid these qualities in the topic of the message so that, instead, it will be clear, simple, restrained, and with no hidden motives.

The Process of Communication

1. The speaker develops an idea to be sent. 2. The speaker encodes the idea or converts it to words or actions. 3. The speaker transmits or sends out the idea using a specific medium or channel. 4. The receiver gets the message and decodes or interprets it. 5. The receiver provides or sends feedback.

Eugene White Model of Communication

According to ________________________________________ of communication, communication is continuous and circular with no beginning or finish. The eight processes of thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving, decoding, feedback, monitoring, and pondering make up his 1960 cyclical model of communication.

Language of colors

Based on what each color means, people make color choices. Depending on the rules of culture and gender, colors have specific meanings. In the Philippines, the majority of parents dress their newborns in pink for girls and blue for boys.

CONTROL OR REGULATION.

Behavior is controlled by communication. Every organization has its own rules, which are disseminated to its members in a variety of methods.

The C in the SMCR stands for CHANNEL.

Channel refers to the five sense organs: hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, and tasting. These five senses help human beings to communicate with one another.

Social Interaction

Communication allows people to interact with others to develop bonds or intimacy. It also allows individuals to express desires, encouragement, needs, and decisions or to give and get information.

Social Interaction

Communication enables people to interact with one another. People communicate because they need to interact daily.

Emotional Expression

Communication facilitates people's expression of their feelings such as love, fear, anger, joy, hope, or any other emotion.

Regulation / Control

Communication functions to control behavior. It can be used to regulate the nature and number of activities people engage in.

Information

Communication functions to convey information. It can be used in giving and getting information.

Motivation

Communication persuades or encourages another person to change his/her opinion, attitude, and behavior.

Speech communication

Context when referring to ________________ is the surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or setting that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event. (LumenLearning.com/Elements of Communication).

Don't overdo it

Even if it's common to talk to oneself all the time, it's best to avoid overusing yourself. Because they believe they have no one else to talk to, people often find themselves talking to themselves.

Communication Breakdown

Failure to communicate as a result of numerous communication impediments is known as __________________________

Language of flowers

Flowers can also convey feelings that are difficult to put into words. Cultural and gender factors also have an impact on these meanings. In the Philippines, guys will send girls flowers. Men's gifts of flowers show how delicate and feminine they view women to be. It denotes preferential treatment.

Language of touch

Haptics, or the language of touch, can be used to communicate ideas that cannot be articulated in words. It is also one of the nonverbal communication techniques with the most impact.

INFORMATION DISSEMINATION.

Information is communicated through communication. Every day, several occurrences or incidents take place. People must be educated since these events have an impact on them.

Noise

It is a hindrance to communication. This can take place at any step in the entire communication process.

Non-verbal Communication

It is the act of communicating without words. As visual clues, it is communicated. ___________ cues include gestures, facial expressions, flower-giving, clothing color selection, and putting the forefinger in front of the mouth.

Verbal Communication

It is the exchange of information with others via the use of words. Both spoken and written communication are possible. The majority of spoken communication takes place face-to-face, but in modern times, technology like the phone and internet allow individuals to speak with one another even when they are not in the same location or time.

Encoding

It is the process of expressing the idea into appropriate media. It could be said or unspoken. The message may be conveyed using a succession of signs, words, images, or gestures.

Decoding

It means translating the encoded message into a language that can be understood by the receiver. After receiving the message, the receiver interprets it and tries to understand it.

Channel

It refers to the medium or passage through which an encoded message is passed to the receiver. Face-to-face communication, telephone, radio, television, memos, and computers are all acceptable forms of transmission.

Feedback

It refers to the response of the receiver to the message sent to him/her by the sender. Feedback ensures that the message has been effectively encoded and decoded.

When talking to yourself

It's normal and beneficial for you to feel as though you are silently conversing with yourself in your head. By doing this, you are forced to consider and consider what you have done or what you plan to do.

Schramm Model of Communication

Known as the "Father of Mass Communication," Wilbur Schramm. He came up with five models, but the Schramm Model of Communication, which he created in 1955, provides an explanation for communication breakdown. According to him, the sender and the recipient must both have experience in the same industry.

Transactional Model

Messages are exchanged between the sender and the receiver in the -------, and each party sends and receives messages alternately. Every time a communication is made, the roles of the two communicators are reversed.

Check your tone and body language

More than your actual words, your body language reveals more about you. So be aware of your body language and tone while speaking. Is your voice stern? Do you encourage the person you are speaking to with a smile? More than your actual words, your body language reveals your feelings and thoughts.

Posture and Body Orientation

Non-verbal communication also includes posture and body alignment. People's perceptions of the speaker, the audience, and the message can all be inferred from how the speaker stands or sits.

Opinions & Beliefs

Participants have thoughts and beliefs that are specific to a culture and a gender, both as the speaker and the listener. People's classification of particular speech patterns or word choices as masculine or feminine introduces gender into communication.

Motivation

People are inspired or encouraged to live better lives by communication. Internal or external factors might motivate someone.

Berlo's model follows the SMCR model

S - Source M - Message C - Channel R - Receiver Berlo's model of communication is

When talking to the public

Speaking in front of the crowd requires many preparations; from analyzing your target audience, to planning and drafting your speech up to the rehearsing part.

Use self-talk to your advantage.

Speaking to yourself while working on a task or encouraging yourself before a big event are two excellent times to do so.

Paralanguage

The "how" of stating something different from what is spoken is referred to as _____________________. The way that words are said affects their meaning. If the message is to be understood at all, the tones, voices, and rhythm must match the content of the message; they serve to reinforce the message.

Helical Model of Communication

The __________________ of communication was developed by Frank Dance in 1967. He thought of communication similar to helix. Helix is an upward- and downward-curving, smooth curve resembling a spring.

Receiver

The destination of the message from sender

EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION.

The expression of emotions and feelings by individuals is made easier by communication.

Facial Expression

The face is a crucial component of communication. It conveys a range of emotions or sensations, including happiness, sadness, frustration, wrath, perplexity, fear, and surprise.

"index of the mind."

The face plays a crucial role in communication. The face is often referred to as the

Aristotle's Model of Communication

The first and oldest model of communication was developed by Aristotle (5 BCE), a professor of rhetoric and the founder of a school that trained skilled speakers. In contrast to interpersonal communication, this approach places more emphasis on public speaking.

Shannon - Weaver's Model of Communication

The idea of noise was first introduced by -----. This communication model is frequently referred to as the "Telephone Model" since it was developed in response to the noisy telephone calls people made in the 1940s.

Sender

The message that has to be transferred is started by the ________. He conveys his message with a variety of gestures, postures, visuals, symbols, and even simply a smile. After coming up with the idea, he communicates it to the recipient in a way that allows for easy comprehension.

Gesture

The most common form of non-verbal communication is __________. The speaker must utilize gestures to make their communication more comprehensible and engaging for the listener, but it is important to take the receiver's culture into account because gestures have various meanings in diverse contexts.

Sender

The originator of the message or the information source selects the desired message.

Decoder

The reception place of the signal which converts signals into message, a reverse process of encode

Message

The term "____________" describes the information that is meant to be conveyed using words, such as voice, letters, pictures, or symbols. It may be spoken or unspoken. It is the message that the sender intends to get over to the recipient.

Encoder

The transmitter which converts the message into signals

Language of time

The usage of time depending on position and power is known as chronemics or language of time.

Language of space

The utilization of space according to importance is known as proxemics or the language of space. People that want to express who they are also employ chronemics, a form of non-verbal communication.

People

They may have poor infirmities such as poor hearing or eyesight and others stutter. People have different opinions and beliefs; they follow cultural mores (values, customs, and behaviors that are accepted by a particular group); or they adhere to society's attitudes toward gender and sexuality, business practices, and religious beliefs.

Small Group

This applies to face-to-face encounters involving at least three but no more than twelve people in order to accomplish the intended result.

Intrapersonal

This is a form of one-on-one communication in which the speaker serves as both the message's sender and its recipient. Thoughts and emotions serve as the message, while the brain's ability to comprehend these emotions serves as the medium.

Mass - Communication

This is a reference to communication by media such as radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, and the internet.

Interpersonal

This refers to the kind of interaction that happens and forges close bonds between individuals. It often involves two people and can range from informal and deeply personal to formal and impersonal.

Public

This type refers to a communication that enables you to send or deliver a message before a crowd. The message can be transmitted for informative or persuasive purposes.

Noise

Through the channel, the messages are sent from the encoder to the decoder. Physical noise, such as horn sounds, thunder, and crowd noise, as well as encoded signals that interfere with the channel during transmission and disrupt communication flow run the risk of the receiver not receiving the intended message throughout this process.

Decoding

When the RECEIVER message reaches the receiver, he tries to understand what the sender is trying to convey. This is also called

Berlo's Model of Communication

You already know that the speaker occupies a prominent role in Aristotle's theory of communication and is the one who controls the entire exchange. The emotional component of the message is taken into account by __________ communication model.

Treatment

__________ is the way one treats his message. One must understand the importance of the message and know how to handle it. Berlo's model asserts that a message must be properly structured in order to be conveyed clearly.

Communication

as the process of generating meaning by sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal symbols and signs that are influenced by multiple contexts.

INTERNAL MOTIVATION

comes from within. It is something personal.

Dyad Communication

communication that happens between two people.

EXTERNAL MOTIVATION

emanates from the outside or from people surrounding him.

Communication

is a process. It occurs when two or more individuals exchange ideas through verbal (written or spoken words) or nonverbal (actions) means. You can employ both verbal and nonverbal communication at once.

Communicative Situation

is another group of possible barriers to communication. There might be "noise" in the environment and among the participants. The participants may be able to comprehend one another because of the actual loudness in the environment.

Speech Content

is crucial because it supports effective communication, accurate comprehension, and suitable response.

Content

is the body of the MESSAGE, from beginning to the end like whatever the teacher teaches his students from the beginning up to the end

Receiver

is the person to whom the message is addressed. Like the sender, he is important to the communication process. He must understand the message conveyed. His interpretation of the message depends on his or her familiarity with the communication's subject matter, experience, and connection to the sender.

SOURCE

is where the message originates. The person should have communication skills like the ability to read, write, speak, and listen to the right attitude towards the listeners, subject, and oneself.

Language Choice

it also leads to communication breakdown. Communication may be hampered by the participants' varied linguistic abilities. Some of the speaker's words may have various meanings to different listeners.

Listen Carefully

say, this is the very basic foundation of effective communication. You have to listen carefully and understand what the other person is saying. Asking clarifying questions lets the other person know that you are indeed listening attentively.