Org Chem Ch 10

Which compound is an isomer of pentane?

2,2-dimethylpropane

________ have only C-C single bonds and no other functional groups.

alkanes

Which of the following are sub-classes of aliphatic hydrocarbons? -alkanes, alkenes, aromatics -alkanes, alkenes, alkynes -alkenes, alkynes, aromatics

alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

_______ have a C=C double bond as their functional group

alkenes

________ have a C-C triple bond as their functional group

alkynes

Which of the following molecular formulas is not that of an alkane or cycloalkane?

C6H6

Which compound is an isomer of butane?

CH3CH(CH3)2

Which of the following is the condensed formula of 3-methylheptane? -CH3(CH3)CHCH2CH2CH2CH3 -CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3 -CH3CH2CH2(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3 -CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 -None of the choices are correct.

CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3

What is the general alkane formula?

CnH2n+2

How many carbon atoms are in the longest chain in the molecule shown?

5

Match the name of the functional group to the appropriate label on the molecule shown -Aldehyde -Amide -Ester -Carboxylic Acid

A-Amide B-Carboxylic acid C-Ester D-Aldehyde

London dispersion forces are ________

Attractions between temporary dipoles of molecules

Which of the following are considered to be saturated hydrocarbons? -aromatics -cycloalkanes -alkanes -alkynes -alkenes

cycloalkanes, alkanes

Which of the molecules shown is an aromatic hydrocarbon? A,B,C,D

d

Which molecule is the correct structure for (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2?

a

Hydrocarbons, because of their C-C and C-H bonds, are _______ and ________ in water.

nonpolar, insoluble

Branched alkanes have _______ melting and boiling points and ________ London dispersion forces than unbranched alkanes of the same formula

lower, weaker

A(n) ______ formula indicates the type and number of atoms in a molecule but does not show how they are connected

molecular

Which is the correct order of melting points for the following alkanes, from highest temperature to lowest temperature?

nonane > hexane > ethane > methane

A continuous five-carbon alkyl group is called a(n) ________ group, whereas a continuous eight-carbon alkyl group would be called a(n) ________ group.

pentyl, octyl

Parts of IUPAC name

prefix- identity and location of any substituents Parent - How many carbons in the longest continuous carbon chain Suffix- what functional group is present

What is the geometry about carbon atoms in an alkane?

tetrahedral

Which correctly describes the geometry and bond angles around the indicated carbon in the structure below? CH3CH2CHCH3 | CH3

tetrahedral, 109.5°

Identify what is indicated by the "pent" part of name 2-methylpentane

the length of the longest continuous carbon chain

What element(s) are present in hydrocarbons

H (hydrogen) & C (carbon)

Select the statements that correctly explain why there are nearly limitless numbers of organic compounds: -Carbon atoms can form linear chains, ring structures, and branched chains -Carbon can form double and triple bonds with other atoms -Carbon can form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms -Carbon does not form bonds with other elements such as oxygen or nitrogen

-Carbon atoms can form linear chains, ring structures, and branched chains -Carbon can form double and triple bonds with other atoms -Carbon can form stable covalent bonds with other carbon atoms

Match the name. the alkane with its condensed formula -Ethane -Butane -Hexane -Octane -Decane a. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 b. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 c. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 d. CH3CH2CH2CH3 e. CH3CH3

-Ethane -e -Butane -d -Hexane -c -Octane -b -Decane -a

Which of the following statements correctly describe functional groups? -Some functional groups contain a heteroatom -Some functional groups contain a multiple bond -Some functional groups contain only an alkane ring structure -Some functional groups contain both a heteroatom and a multiple bond

-Some functional groups contain a heteroatom -Some functional groups contain a multiple bond -Some functional groups contain both a heteroatom and a multiple bond

4 types of formulas used in organic chemistry to provide the number and types of atoms present in an organic molecule

-molecular -condensed -line -structural

Identify the properties characteristic of organic compounds -all organic compounds are soluble in water -organic compounds contain covalent bonds -many organic compounds are non-electrolytes

-organic compounds contain covalent bonds -many organic compounds are nonelectrolytes

Select the correct structural formula for the line formula shown

C

Which equation properly represents the complete combustion of propane, C3H8?

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

What is the molecular formula of butane?

C4H10

Identify the parent name of the molecule shown

Decane

What nomenclature system is used as the standard universal system for naming organic compounds?

IUPAC

The bonds characteristic of inorganic compounds are typically ________ bonds.

Ionic

The name of an organic compound is 2-methyl-4-propyloctane. What information about the structure of this compound is FALSE? -There is a three-carbon alkyl group on carbon 4 of the parent chain. -There are eight carbons in the parent chain. -There is a one-carbon alkyl group on carbon 2 of the parent chain. -None of the above statements is false. It is a branched alkane.

None of the above statements is false.

The chair and boat conformations of cyclohexane are shown below. Which statement best explains why the chair conformation is more stable than the boat conformation?

The hydrogen atoms in the chair conformation are all staggered, which minimizes the repulsion of the bonding electrons.

Which of the molecules shown is an alkene

b

Which compound(s) below contain substituents that are trans?

both a and b

How do the different conformations of an alkane molecule arise?

by rotation about C-C single bonds

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain the element

carbon

Which of the following properly describes constitutional isomers? -compounds with the same number of carbons, but a different number of hydrogens -compounds with the same number of hydrogens, but a different number of carbons -compounds with the same molecular formula, but a different order of attachment of atoms -organic compounds with different molecular formulas -compounds with the same molecular formula and order of attachment of atoms, but a different spatial arrangement of atoms

compounds with the same molecular formula, but a different order of attachment of atoms

Eicosane is the name of the organic compound with the condensed formula CH3(CH2)18CH3. What does the prefix "eicos" specifically indicate about the structure of this compound?

contains 20 carbons in continuous chain

T/F: All organic compounds are electrolytes

false (most covalent compounds are nonelectrolytes)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with undecane, an 11-carbon straight chain alkane? Multiple Choice density less than water flammable liquid low water solubility hydrogen bonding nonpolar

hydrogen bonding

Organic compounds that contain the same number and types of atoms but have different structures are called __________.

isomers