org mgmntExam Study Guide Number 3

What is authentic leadership?

How well leaders are aware of, feel comfortable with, and act consistently with their values, personality, and self-concept.

________ is any behavior that attempts to alter someone's attitudes or behavior.

Influence

________ involves explicitly manipulating others' access to critical work issues for the purpose of changing their attitudes and/or behavior.

Information control

Which of the following is not a characteristic of shared leadership?

It calls for a competitive rather than a collaborative culture.

Which of the following is true of a strategic vision?

It describes an aspirational future with a higher purpose.

Which of the following describes legitimate power?

It is agreed that people in certain roles can request certain behaviors of others.

Why do people overestimate the leader's influence on organizational outcomes?

It is easier to explain organizational successes and failures in terms of the leader's ability than by analyzing a complex array of other forces.

Which of the following statements about emotional intelligence is true?

Leaders are able to recognize and change their own emotional state to suit the situation.

Which of the following is a valuable insight from implicit leadership theory?

Leadership is a function of follower's perceptions as much as by a leader's actual behavior.

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of leadership?

Leadership is influencing, motivating, and enabling others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organizations.

________ theory identifies conditions that either limit the leader's ability to influence subordinates or make a particular leadership style unnecessary.

Leadership substitutes

A person with a high BATNA would more likely to do which of the following?

Walk away from the negotiation.

________ is the point beyond which a party in negotiation will make no further concessions.

A resistance point

________ leadership refers to how well leaders are aware of, feel comfortable with, and act consistently with their self-concepts.

Authentic

Which of the following does ingratiation include?

flattering a boss

Which of the following is a form of "soft" influence tactic?

ingratiation

According to the literature on organizational conflict, constructive conflict

is a positive application of conflict in organizations.

An influence tactic is called "soft" when it

is based on personal sources of power.

Servant leadership emphasizes the notion that

leaders serve followers, rather than vice versa.

Effective leaders have a strong need for socialized power, meaning that they want power as a means to accomplish organizational objectives and similar good deeds. These leaders have

leadership motivation.

Implicit leadership theory states that people have ________, which are preconceived beliefs about effective leaders.

leadership prototypes

What are the two components of implicit leadership theory?

leadership prototypes and the romance of leadership

Drive, integrity, and knowledge of the business are

personal attributes of effective leaders.

Which of the following interpersonal conflict management styles represents a purely win-win orientation?

problem solving

Social networks generate power through

social capital

Managerial leadership assumes that the organization's objectives are

stable

Managerial leadership assumes that the organization's objectives are

stable.

The yielding conflict management style should be used if

the issue is much less important to you than to the other party.

Extreme forms of ________ include bullying, which involves explicit threats of punishment.

assertiveness

Which of the following conflict management styles is associated with low cooperativeness and low assertiveness?

avoiding

Path-goal theory argues that

effective leaders select the most appropriate behavior based on the situation.

________ is the freedom to exercise judgment in an organization.

Discretion

________ leadership includes defining and structuring work roles, clarifying employees' work duties and procedures, and providing feedback on work activities.

Task-oriented

Which of the following best describes relationship conflict?

The conflict episodes are viewed as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem.

What is an exploding offer?

applying time pressure to give the opponent a very short time to accept their offer

What is one leadership category that middle manager's around the globe believe is characteristic of effective leaders?

charismatic visionary

Jazmin is quick to complain about Timothy's lack of contribution on the team. She threatens posting pictures of the team working without him for the manager to see. Jazmin is using ________ power.

coercive

Employees can use their ________ power by pressuring coworkers to conform to team norms.

coercive power

In a team meeting, Jared tells a colleague "That is one of the stupidest ideas I have ever heard. Are you crazy?" This represents

relationship conflict.

A BATNA

represents the estimated cost of walking away from the relationship.

Which of these concepts discusses the tendency of employees to overestimate the leader's influence on organizational outcomes?

the romance of leadership

Studies have found that women, when compared to men, are evaluated negatively as leaders when they

use a directive style.

Leaders who create, communicate, and model a shared vision for the team are using the ________ perspective.

transformational leadership

Which leadership theory or perspective adopts the view that leaders are agents of change?

transformational leadership perspective

Which of the following is a "hard" influence tactic?

upward appeal

When doctors prominently display their diplomas and credentials on their office walls, they are using which power contingency?

visibility

Which of the following statements regarding organizational conflict is correct?

A moderate level of organizational conflict can be beneficial.

________ is the process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party.

Conflict

Which of the following statements about countervailing power in organizational relationships is true?

Countervailing power is the weaker party's power to maintain the stronger party's continued participation in the exchange relationship.

Which of the following is an example of the influence tactic of forming coalitions?

Employees get together to show management that they collectively request that the company purchase new computer equipment.

________ is called a ________ influence tactic.

Exchange; soft

What is the relationship between emotional intelligence and relationship conflicts?

Relationship conflict is less likely to occur when emotional intelligence is high.

How do leadership prototypes develop?

Through socialization within families and society.

Which of the following statements about leadership and gender is true?

Women adopt a participative style more readily than men.

Which of the following statements regarding negotiation is correct?

Women are more likely than men to accept offers just above their resistance point.

Raoul knows he can take the risk of presenting "wild ideas" to the team without being ridiculed or threatened. This indicates Raoul's team has developed

a norm of psychological safety.

Organizational politics is more common when decisions are

based on complex and ambiguous rules.

Which contingency of power are unions applying by going on strike at a critical time in a company's business cycle?

centrality

Which of these refers to the degree and nature of interdependence between the power holder and others?

centrality

If you decided not to show up for work or school tomorrow, how many people would have difficulty performing their jobs because of your absence? The answer depends on your

centrality.

You have resolved a conflict with another department by offsetting your losses by equally valued gains. Which of the following conflict handling styles was used here?

compromising

The conflict process model shows that

conflict escalation is usually due to perceptions and emotions.

Relationship conflict is dysfunctional because it threatens all of the following except

decreasing stereotypes.

The number or percentage of connections you have to others in the network is called

degree centrality.

Shared leadership is more likely to occur in work units where the formal leader

delegates power to employees.

Power requires ________, such as when Person A believes Person B controls a resource that will hinder or help erson A attain a goal.

dependence

Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as task-oriented leadership?

directive

Which two leadership styles would path-goal theory prescribe for employees who are inexperienced and unskilled?

directive and supportive

Which approach to negotiations is commonly used when there is a single issue in dispute, such as an employee's raise?

distributive

When norms supporting psychological safety are present,

employees are more confident in disagreeing with the majority.

Employees are more likely to comply with a supervisor's legitimate power when the

employees have high power distance.

Organizational behavior research indicates that transformational leaders produce ________ followers, whereas charismatic leaders produce dependent followers.

empowered

Transformational leaders

energize and direct employees to a new vision.

Dev knows he is correct and needs a quick resolution to the conflict. He needs to use the ________ style.

forcing

People who have a win-lose orientation typically use which conflict-handlng style?

forcing

Social networks exist everywhere because people

have a drive to bond.

Which of the following would be a predictor of political behavior in the workplace?

high Machiavellianism

Which two Big Five personality dimensions are the strongest predictors of effective leadership?

high conscientiousness and high extraversion

In different cultures, leaders have different values and norms and followers have different expectations of leaders. Due to this, cultural differences in leadership is partly explained by which leadership theory?

implicit

Which of the following leadership approaches directly support the idea that the "romance of leadership" is important in leadership?

implicit leadership perspective

The concept of leadership prototypes is an important component of

implicit leadership theory.

Rearranging physical or reporting arrangements so employees across departments have more occasions to interact with one another is a basic method to

improve mutual understanding.

Which negotiating approach is common when multiple issues are at stake?

integrative

Effective leaders have strong moral principles, which are demonstrated through truthfulness and consistency of words with deeds demonstrating the attribute of

integrity.

Using integrators is one strategy to reduce which structural source of conflict?

interdependence

Sanco Systems uses performance-based reward systems across various departments to keep employees directed toward organizational goals. The management at Sanco Systems believes that these rewards might replace or reduce the need for task-oriented leadership. Which of the following leadership theories supports this action?

leadership substitutes

If people in certain roles can request certain behaviors of others, then there is

legitimate power.

To transform an abstract vision into more specific operational behaviors and practices requires ________ leadership.

managerial

For everyday disputes between two employees, managers should use ________ as a third-party intervention.

meditation

Effective managers should

minimize the relationship conflicts that exist in the organization.

A person who seeks compromise to resolve a conflict is likely to have

moderate assertiveness and moderate cooperativeness.

The strategy of developing a personal brand increases which power contingency?

nonsubstitutability

Which of the following refers to the availability of alternative sources of resources?

nonsubstitutability

Implicit leadership theory states that

people rely on prototypes of how a leader should look and act to evaluate a leader's effectiveness.

Which of the following relates to task-oriented leadership?

providing feedback on work quality

Relationship conflict usually causes people to

reduce communication and information sharing with the other party.

Introducing clear rules for resource allocation is one way of

reducing organizational politics regarding that decision.

People have ________ power when others identify with them, like them, or otherwise respect them.

referent

With the exception of forcing, gender differences in conflict-handling style are

relatively small.

Employees also have ________ power over their bosses through their feedback and ratings in 360-degree feedback systems.

reward

Most labor strikes are due to which source of conflict?

scarce resources

Which of the following is the most common form of influence in high power distance cultures?

silent authority

In social networks, the more people a person knows, the harder it is to form ________, which are close-knit relationships.

strong ties

According to the emerging view on organizational conflict, the two types of conflict are

task conflict and relationship conflict.

In organizational settings, power is defined as

the capacity to influence others.

People tend to feel an obligation to help others who have helped them. This subtle form of legitimate power is based on ________.

the norm of reciprocity

Francis and Donald were disagreeing over who should take the holiday shift. Although Francis didn't really want to work that holiday, because Donald was very adamant that he have that holiday off, Francis agreed to take the shift. Because the issue was less important to Francis compared to Donald's feelings about the issue, the conflict was resolved by Francis

yielding to Donald.

Behaviors that employees willingly engage in based on their manager's legitimate power are within the

zone of indifference.