Organism Classification and Phylogenesis

What term best describes groups of species without a known common ancestor? A - Polyphyletic B - Binomial C - Monophyletic D - Lateral E - Paraphyletic

A - Polyphyletic

What level of organization in taxonomy is the most specific? A - Species B - Genus C - Family D - Domain

A - Species Kids Prefer Candy Over Fresh Green Spinach

According to the phylogenetic tree, which organisms are the least related to each other evolutionarily? A - Trilobita and Insecta B - Insecta and Myriapoda C - Crustacea and Myriapoda D - Trilobita and Chelicerata E - Insecta and Crustacea

A - Trilobita and Insecta

What was Linnaeus's classification system based on? A - Genetic characteristics B - Taxidermy C - Evolutionary relationships D - Morphology

D - Morphology MORPHOLOGY simply means what an organism looked like.

Which of the following is not a characteristics of all prokaryotes? A - Have a nucleiod B - Small in size C - Have a cell wall D - Multi-cellular E - Unicellular

D - Multi-cellular

Primates can be grouped into two main categories. Which of the following correctly pairs the group with the location? A - Old World: Africa and New World: South America only B - Old World: Africa only C - Old World: Asia only D - Old World: Asia, Africa and New World: South America E - New World: South America only

D - Old World: Asia, Africa and New World: South America Old World primates reside in Africa and Asia wile the New World primates reside in South America.

Which of the following correctly pairs the name with the shape? A - Spiral: coccus B - Spiral: bacillus C - Spherical: spirochete D - Rod-shaped: bacillus E - Rod-shaped: coccus

D - Rod-shaped: bacillus

Evolutionarily, which of the following animals is considered to be the simplest? A - Giraffe B - Starfish C - Frog D - Ant E - Sea slug

E - Sea slug The simplest invertebrates include mollusks (snails, oysters, etc.) and nematodes (hookworm, roundworm, etc.).

Which kingdom contains the oldest known organism found on earth? A - Animals B - Archaebacteria C - protists D - Eubacteria E - Plants

B - Archaebacteria

Which of the following statements about taxonomic levels is correct? A - Class is less specific than phylum B - Family is more specific than order C - Kingdom is the most specific D - Species is the most general

B - Family is more specific than order

Which of the following is not a distinctive characteristic of primates? A - Finger prints B - Good night vision C - Grasping hands D - Complex social behaviors E - Forward-looking eyes

B - Good night vision PRIMATES are mammals with forward-looking eyes, hands and feet that grasp, large brains, and complex social behaviors.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all three types of protists? A - Mostly aquatic B - Heterotrophic C - Mostly unicellular D - Contain a nucleus E - Eukaryotic

B - Heterotrophic All protists are eukaryotic, most are unicellular and aquatic. They have drastically different modes of nutrition though.

Which of the following terms best describes a graphic display of the evolutionary relationships for organisms with a shared common ancestor? A - Binomial Nomenclature B - Phylogenetic tree C - Hierarchical classification D - Family tree E - Molecular clock

B - Phylogenetic tree

Why are there six kingdoms now instead of the original two that scientists developed? A - Scientists disagreed on the formation of the original two, and the lengthy debate ended with the recreation of six B -As our scientific understanding has grown, we've needed to add additional kingdom's to Linnaeus's original two C - The adding of other kingdoms was not really necessary, but it seemed right to some in the scientific community D - The original two kingdoms were not that scientifically accurate, and have since been adjusted and added to

B -As our scientific understanding has grown, we've needed to add additional kingdom's to Linnaeus's original two

According to the cladogram shown, which organisms are most closely related? A - Belliolum and Drinys B - Exosperman and Bubbia C - Belliolum and Bubbia D - Exosperman and Tasmania E - Exosperman and Drinys

C - Belliolum and Bubbia

Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi? A - Mostly unicellular B - Prokaryotic C - Cell wall made of chitin D - Motile E - Photosynthesis

C - Cell wall made of chitin FUNGUS are eukaryotic, non-motile organisms that are heterotrophic (must take up nutrients for energy) and have cell walls made with chitin.

By analyzing DNA, scientists have hypothesized that _________ are evolutionary ancestors of plant-like protists such as red and green algae A - Plants B - Animal-like protists C - Cyanobacteria D - Fungus E - Fungus-like protists

C - Cyanobacteria PLANT-LIKE protists are autotrophs and get their nutrients by performing photosynthesis. They are called protophyta, which means "first plants." Red and green algae are plant-like protists that are very similar to cyanobacteria and algae.

Which domain contains both the plant and animal kingdoms? A - Protista B - Archaea C - Eukarya D - Bacteria

C - Eukarya Eukarya includes the four kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals

Which of the following correctly pairs the type of protist with the primary mode of nutrition? A - Protophyta: ingestion B - Protozoa: photosynthesis C - Fungus-like: absorption D - Animal-like: chemosynthesis E - Plant-like: absorption

C - Fungus-like: absorption Protozoa (animal-like) are heterotrophs and perform ingestion. Protophyta (plant-like) are autotrophs and perform photosynthesis. Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs and absorb their food (externally digest and absorb).

Animals that do not have a back bone are best known as... A - Arthropods B - Chordates C - Invertebrates D - Mollusks E - Vertebrates

C - Invertebrates

The hominoid group includes all of the following except... A - Orangutans B - Gorillas C - Lemurs D - Chimpanzees E - Humans

C - Lemurs HOMINOIDS is a group of primates including gibbons, orangutans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans.

Scientists hypothesize that the evolutionary ancestor of both plants and fungi were... A - Eubacteria B - Monera C - Protists D - Animals E - Archaebacteria

C - Protists Both plants and fungi are in the domain Eukarya, meaning they are made of eukaryotic cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. The difference is how they get their nutrients.

Looking through a microscope at a drop if pond water, you see a unicellular organism with a nucleus and chloroplasts. It is most likely a(n)... A - Archeabacteria B - Bacteria C - Protophyta D - Protozoa E - Fungus-like protist

C - Protophyta It is believed that a cell capable of photosynthesis during the early life of the planet, most likely a cyanobacteria, was engulfed and created chloroplasts.

Of the following, which group(s) of protists is/are heterotrophs? A - Animal-like, Plant-like, and fungus-like B - Plant-like C - Fungus-like D - Animal-like and Fungus-like E - Fungus-like

D - Animal-like and Fungus-like

Which of the following correctly pairs the group of archaebacteria with the environment in which he group lives? A - Thermophiles: guts of cows B - Halophiles: deep sea thermal vents C - Mathanogenes: the Dead Sea D - Halophiles: the Great Salt Lake E - Thermophiles: marshes

D - Halophiles: the Great Salt Lake

Which of the following does not describe plants? A - Non-motile B - Photosynthetic C - Cell wall made of cellulose D - Heterotrophic E - Eukaryotic

D - Heterotrophic PLANTS are eukaryotic, non-motile organisms that use photosynthesis to get energy (autotrophs) and their cell walls are made of cellulose.

The first known member of the genus Homo was the... A - Neanderthal B - Homo ergaster C - Homo sapien D - Homo habilis E - Homo erectus

D - Homo habilis Homo habilis is the first member of the group, homo erectus is the first ancestor to move out of Asia, and we are now called homo sapiens.

Humans are animals which are best classifies as... A - Mobile B - Amphibians C - Reptiles D - Mammals E - Invertebrates

D - Mammals

When antibiotics no longer effectively treat a bacterial infection, it is known as... A - Vaccinations B - Symbiosis C - Bacteriophage D - Bioluminescence E - Antibiotic resistance

E - Antibiotic resistance

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all animals? A - Eukaryotic cells B - Multi-cellular C - Ability to move D - Heterotrophic E - Cell wall

E - Cell wall Animals share some common characteristics; eukaryotic cells (nucleus and membrane-bound organelles), no cell walls (along with nerves and muscles allows for movement), ingestion of food, and most reproduction is sexual.

Which of the following correctly pairs the classification of back bone with the animal given? A - Invertebrate: Shark B - Vertebrate: Starfish C - Vertebrate: Snail D - Invertebrate: Whale E - Invertebrate: Butterfly

E - Invertebrate: Butterfly Invertebrate means no backbone and vertebrate means they do have a backbone.

If a clade has a known common ancestor and displays all of its descendants, it is called... A - Diphyletic B - Triphyletic C - Paraphyletic D - Polyphyletic E - Monophyletic

E - Monophyletic A CLADE is a group of species used in a cladogram (and phylogenetic tree) which consists of one common ancestor and all its descendants. MONOPHYLETIC refers to just one clade. PARAPHYLETIC is a group consisting of all the descendants of an ancestor minus one or two of the small groups. POLYPHYLETIC is a group characterized by the presence of homoplasies (characteristics which appear similar) giving the impression that they had a common ancestor but they don't. This means these groups have multiple origins.

What characteristic does not describe both plants and fungi? A - Stationary B - Mostly unicellular C - Cell wall D - Eukaryotic E - Photosynthetic

E - Photosynthetic

What evolutionary development in plants allowed for an increase in the size of the organisms and removed the need for plants to only live in moist environments? A - Hypae B - Flowers C - Chloroplasts D - Seeds E - Vascular tissue

E - Vascular tissue Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) move water and food throughout plants, it was so beneficial that over 90% of plants now have it.

Which of the following differentiates humans from other hominoids? A - No tail B - Forward-looking eyes C - Use of simple tools D - Finger prints E - Walking on two feet

E - Walking on two feet HUMANS are bipedal primates that are capable of language, symbolic thought, and both the creation and use of complex tools. Humans also have a proportionally larger brain, drastically smaller jawbones/muscles and shorter digestive tracts.