Organization and Management Exam 2

With satisficing, managers look for alternatives until they find one that is satisfactory, not optimal.

true

crowdsourcing is an example of innovation

true

decision making is the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of actions

true

proctor and gamble modified a liquid detergent to make it available as a concentrated powder in a pouch. this new product is an example of an improvement innovation

true

the type of appraisal in which employees are evaluated by their managers, peers, and subordinates is called the 360 degree assessment

true

which of the following is not a type of compensation

promotions

walt Disney company's investment of 1 billion into a wearable technology that it hopes will revolutionize the way visitors spend money at walt Disney world, featuring a website ("my Disney experience.") and data collecting wristbands ("magicbands") that interact with scanners throughout the theme park, is an example of proactive change

true

the managerial tools for _____________ include swot analysis, forecasting, and vrio analysis.

organizational assessment

Customers often comment on the ________ at Nate's Wine and Spirits. The employees are engaged, knowledgeable, and friendly to the point that customers describe it as a family-like atmosphere. Their "social glue" is so strong they even do things together outside of work.

organizational culture

Fatma is certain her new business idea is going to be a success. She is so certain that she ignored the advice of her business professor to conduct a focus group and she invested her life savings to get her business started. Fatma may be experiencing ________ bias.

overconfidence

the invention of a machine to make plastic corks for wine bottles is an example of a ______ change that has severely affected companies that produce traditional cork

technological

when it comes to learning from failure in the innovation process, pixar president ed catmull said,

"mistakes are an inevitable consequence of doing something new and should be seen as valuable."

Breyona keeps a close eye on her company's internal and external environments to identify better ways of doing business and to discover possible opportunities for new products. In which activity is Breyona engaged?

SWOT analysis

each year, the red lobster restaurant chain awards the lighthouse award to store managers who demonstrate outstanding leadership and live the firm's core values. The lighthouse award is an example of

a celebration of important occasions and accomplishments in the organizations life.

Employees at the Blue Cat Lodge Marina work part-time during the off-season, mainly performing maintenance on the boats and upgrades to the guest lodges. As summer approaches, the Marina enacts ________ change by increasing employees to full-time hours due to the summer-time tourist season.

adaptive

Which type of workplace discrimination occurs when an organization uses an employment practice that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class?

adverse impact

Bruno knows that one of the reasons people do not return to his home appliance store is because of the slow service. How would a SWOT analysis classify the slow service at Bruno's store?

as a weakness

after applying for a job at world mart, Malena made a list of her personal values, strengths, and weaknesses. Then she compared her list with the values, strengths, and weakness of world mart in an effort to

assess her P-O fit

when confronted with a decision, managers should utilize ____________, which includes these four questions: "is the proposed action legal? If yes, does the proposed action maximize shareholder value? if yes, is the proposed action ethical? if no, would it be ethical to take the proposed action?"

bagley's ethical decision tree

Saburo, a server in a downtown café, is very popular with customers and employees. He has a warm personality and will always lend a hand when needed. Saburo has a supportive nature that leads people to confide in him. He does have a tendency to avoid conflict and finds it difficult to say no when he might hurt someone's feelings. Saburo likely has a(n) ________ decision-making style.

behavioral

The type of performance appraisal that judges specific, observable aspects of performance like being on time for work is a(n) ______ appraisal.

behavioral

Predictive Health, a fast-growing medical research firm, has accumulated so much patient information that conventional database management systems cannot handle its needs. Therefore, Predictive Health purchased very sophisticated analysis software and supercomputing-level hardware to leverage the power of

big data

Engines for race cars are intricate machines with up to 30,000 unique parts. Fast Draft, an engine manufacturer, contracts with vendors to provide most of these specialty parts while Fast Draft focuses on assembly. By using this structure, Fast Draft does not depend too heavily on any one supplier, and can adapt quickly as engine technology changes. This is an example of a

boundaryless organization

Santiago is the Vice President of operations for a company that manufactures floor cleaning robots. The company's largest factory recently burned down, though thankfully no one was harmed. Now Santiago must decide the best course forward to replace that manufacturing capacity. He is considering rebuilding in the same location, moving to another city or state, or even another continent. In making this decision, Santiago will likely encounter ______________ due to the countless locations, timelines, contractors, and demand pressures he must consider.

bounded rationality

_______ is the idea that proposes that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints, such as complexity, time, cognitive capacity, values, skills, habits, and unconscious reflexes.

bounded rationality

Indra, a loan officer with First Star Bank, was asked by a customer if First Star would join the Chamber of Commerce to meet potential customers and become more embedded in the local community. Believing this is a great idea, Indra approaches her manager, Deondre, about joining the Chamber. Deondre said to Indra, "Because the cost of membership is over $1,000 and you will have to leave the office to attend meetings, I will have to get approval from the vice president above me." First Star Bank is an example of an organization with

centralized authority

employees and customers are treated like a family at Rahal realty, fadil and Inas rahal, the owners work to encourage unity to increase their employees job satisfaction and commitment. At their realty, the Rehals have built a__________ culture

clan

Angelina owns a small interior decorating firm. She loves the social aspects of the job, such as meeting potential clients and browsing for new furniture and fabrics, and she loves to take risks. Angelina relies on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information. Angelina utilizes her imaginative strengths, taking a broad perspective to problem solving, and she likes to consider many options and future possibilities. Angelina's decision-making style is best described as

conceptual

Snow Assist sells emergency safety and rescue products to ski patrols and rescue workers at prices that are below those of its competitors, which offer a larger line of more expensive products and focus on broader markets. Snow Assist is pursuing a ________ strategy.

cost- focus

To maximize profitability and competitiveness, firms must

create alignment across all levels of strategy.

A local gymnastics studio offers dance, tumbling, trampolines, and competitive cheer training for kids of all ages. To recruit students for these lessons, the studio also hosts birthday parties, afterschool care, and swim lessons. These offerings interact to

create fit among the activities.

leaders should configure their firms' ________ to support firm strategies

culture, structure, and HR practices

Darnell, the marketing director, mentioned to his boss that one of his friends from college, Elena, would be fantastic for the production supervisor opening. Why should Darnell's boss consider this referral?

current employees refer others who should be a good fit.

Reggie's Records uses time-series forecasts, such as past holiday sales and the strength of store sales this year, to predict future sales based on patterns of historical data. Reggie's is using

data analytics

the increasing diversity of the us workforce and the fact that people aged 18-34 are more likely to be living with their parents than with a spouse or partner are both examples of a ______ force for change

demographic

As an OD consultant, Mika is designing a survey of employee attitudes to be given to workers at Hope Urgent Care, a provider of emergency-care services in a low-income neighborhood. In collecting this information, Mika is conducting the ______ stage of OD.

diagnosis

Planet Pantry sells high-quality products and grocery items that are unique to its highly populated area, and it offers frequent cooking classes showcasing global cuisine. By offering these types of products and services, Planet Pantry is pursuing a ________ strategy.

differentiation

basic assumptions represent the core values of an organization and are

difficult to change

Dakari, CEO of a successful medical supply company, is constantly reading press releases and news articles about his competition. He regularly checks information about new competitive products and visits trade shows to study his competition. Dakari is

evaluating opportunties

A year after she assisted Interior Heating and Lighting in making changes to an employee incentive plan, Coral, an OD consultant, is visiting the company to determine if the changes were helpful. Coral will compare sales and turnover data from the last three years to the current year. Coral is in the ______ stage of the OD process.

evaluation

Audrey owns The Daily Dispatch, a small city newspaper, which was started by her great-grandfather and has been passed down through her family. Audrey loves journalism and being a small-business owner, but because so much news is now available online, she has seen the demand for her paper drop steadily. Audrey made a decision to change the original direction of the company and focus more on an Internet news service. Audrey is relying on ________ by demonstrating that managers need to think and act as if their company is an unfinished prototype, and by seeing her business as outsiders do.

evidence based decision making

an organization whose HR system is aligned with its structure and culture is said to have

external fit

a technological innovation that improves the performance and speed of a computer's operating system would be a considered a ______ innovation.

product

Haidar wants to be transparent about his new company's products, so he will market his cleaners as 30% toxic and 90% effective. Haidar is counting on customers to use their hindsight bias.

false

an organizational structure is a set of shared, taken for granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its environments.

false

Matthew has written his mission, vision, and value statements. He has completed his organizational assessment. what is his next step?

formulate functional strategies.

Whole Earth Hair recently introduced a new all-natural shampoo. Thiago, director of new product development, has just reviewed the dismal results. Because his team conducted thorough focus groups and market research prior to launching the product, Thiago is confused by the outcome. To keep his team open to innovation, Thiago should

foster an innovative culture that permits risk taking and failure

the leadership team of popso soda company includes a president and Vice President and vice president of operations, marketing, Human Resources, and finance. Popso seems to utilize which type of organizational structure?

functional

Global IT has designed its corporate structure with divisions based on their location. For example, there are the Southern and Northern Divisions, and globally there are the European Division and the Asian Division. Global IT is an example of a structure with

geographic divisons

in 2003, Myspace launched a social networking website offering an interactive, user submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. Myspace was the largest social networking site in the world, from 2005 to 2009. Recently, it was purchased by specific media, an online platform where music fans can interact with their favorite entertainers, listen to music, watch videos, share and discover cool stuff and just connect. which of the following described specific medias strategy?

growth- a strategy that involves expansion.

in the 1950s, CL Werner purchased a pickup truck and began hauling cargo for other companies. By driving long hours and many miles, CL slowly expanded his trucking company one truck at a time. today, werner enteprises, Inc. is among the largest asset- based logistics firm in the United States. CL Werner is an example of a(n)

hero

tova, a general manager, was explaining to her assistant manger that, "when I make a decision on which employees will do a project, I use three simple factors. I consider their attitude knowledge, and how hard they work." Tova uses_______ when making a decision.

heuristics

firms with _______ cultures are usually formalized with consistent processes and control mechanisms that measures efficiency and drive reliability

hierarchy

staffing, appraising, compensation, and training and development are types of

human resource practices

Fine Line is a popular tattoo shop that provides custom artwork and permanent tattoos. Recently, Fine Line pursued a(n) ________ strategy when it developed a smartphone app that uses AR technology to let customers preview what their tattoo will look like before getting it.

innovation

Handy Helpers is considering implementing a system that will pay its cleaning workers based on the number of completed residential jobs, coupled with satisfactory ratings on random inspections to ensure quality. This system is new to the organization, and it is an example of ________ change.

innovative

When all of the policies and practices within the HR system reinforce one another, this is known as

internal fit

________ entails posting information about job vacancies and qualifications in places where employees can see them, such as on bulletin boards or the company's intranet.

internal recruiting

Hiromi wants to post a vacancy as an external only posting. Her manager, Ceci, reminds her about the benefits of posting internally. Which of the following might be a benefit that Ceci recognizing

internal recruiting boosts retention and commitment.

Lamar, an OD consultant, is working with members of a cross-functional team to build cohesiveness and practice skills so the team can function better. He has observed them working together to solve problems and he has shared the latest customer survey results with them. in terms of the OD process Lamar is implementing

intervention

After three summers working for a local landscaping business, Scott suggested that his boss add snow removal as an extra service. With this holistic hunch, Scott was acting on ________ that snow removal might be a good addition to the service offerings.

intuition

akio is evaluating the alternatives that might solve his company's problem. one alternative would be an excellent outcome, but Akio is considering if he has enough time and resources to achieve it. Akio is asking himself:

is it feasible?

despite the increase of automation, which jobs are on the rise

knowledge work jobs

Terry, the owner of River City Flooring, is driven by competition. His company sells and installs custom flooring, cabinets, and countertops. River City Flooring focuses on customers by delivering quality results on tight deadlines. Terry pushes his managers to continually exceed their productivity goals because that is what increases profits. Terry feels "there is not enough time for training." However, his employees are regularly rewarded for their success in meeting company goals. River City Flooring has a(n) ________ culture.

market

in a __________ culture, employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time

market

The commercial furniture manufacturer, Office Designs, utilizes a structure that includes functional divisions, such as accounting and production, and a divisional chain of command, such as the residential facilities and office divisions. For example, Neveah, a salesperson, reports to the sales manager and the office products manager. Business Designs has a

matrix structure

Michael porter proposed that business level strategies originate with the primary competitive forces in the firms environment; these forces are the threats of

new entrants, substitute products of services, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and competitive rivalries.

With the community interested in eating healthy, Karima thought a restaurant centered on her grandmother's Mediterranean-style recipes would be popular. Her decision was uncertain, but it felt "right" to honor her grandmother by opening this restaurant. Karima is enacting

nonrational decision making

Maxwell, a detective, just completed a very difficult case. He did not realize an important clue early on and he did not follow-up with the witness until several days after the incident. Now, Maxwell is practicing self-compassion and focusing on self-affirming truths such as "I care about getting justice for the victims." Which career readiness competency is Maxwell practicing?

openness to change

varlight implemented a _______ innovation that improves the efficiency of a company's cross- functional teams

process

Implant Pros, a dental specialist, patented a technique that allows patients to have a complete set of prosthetic teeth implanted in a single appointment. Implant Pros expects this ________ change will give it an advantage over the competition, none of which have adopted such a practice.

radically innovative

LaShawn and his partner, Nathan, have decided to update their firm's computer network, although they have no expertise in this area. Recently, they discussed the many constraints on their decision, such as the complexity of technology, limited time and money, imperfect information, and our conflicting goals. These limitations are hindrances to

rational decision making

fear of failure, peer pressure, and personality conflicts are examples of

reasons employees resist change

_____ is the process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for job openings

recruiting

____ is an emotional/ behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine

resistance to change

Pip Pop is an app development firm that prizes creativity and technical skills. If you were the chief people officer of Pip Pop, how would you ensure external fit of the HR system?

reward innovative ideas and continually train employees on the latest computer programming languages.

Bella Blooms is a successful business that sells a liquid spray fertilizer to farmers. The fertilizer consists of rich, organic, composted material. Recently, Natural Supply, another established fertilizer manufacturer, dramatically increased its marketing to farmers in the region that Bella Blooms views at its target market. When analyzing its industry, Bella Blooms should be concerned about the threat of

rivalry among competitors

_________ is the process wherein alternative possible plans are created and then the one that best fits the situation is applied

scenario analysis

because it is hard to fire employees, _____ is widely held as one of the most important HR practices to do well

selection

________ capital is the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships

social

when acting upon the advice to organize your decision into three categories, which type will require the most time and attention?

strategic decisions

_____ is the notion that people are valuable strategic assets of any organizations

strategic human resource management

the three key principles of _____________ are the creation of a unique and valuable position, trade offs in competing, and creating a "fit" among activities.

strategic positioning

The CEO of Alliance Manufacturing said to her new vice president of finance, "In the past, I had resistance to new ideas by employees who felt that our plans threatened their influence or their jobs. So, when you tell your collections department that we just hired a collection agency to handle bad debt, you may have to sell your collections manager and his associates on using the agency. You should emphasize the fact that nobody is going to be laid off." Selling middle and supervisory managers on changes to overcome their resistance is often a necessary part of

strategy implementation

As the director of human resources, Azhar convinced the company to spend a large sum of money on a new training program. After spending thousands of dollars implementing the training and almost four months of employee work time, they feel that there has been little improvement. The training is scheduled to continue for two more months, and Azhar feels that too much money has been spent to simply abandon the training. Azhar is experiencing

sunk- cost bias

managers who redo budgets, rethink processes, or revise policies are

taking corrective action, which will constitute a feedback loop

Santino has identified several rising stars in his organization, and he is looking for ways to cultivate their skills and prepare them to move into strategically important positions. Santino is focused on

talent management

Strategic Implementation is thought to be

the greatest managerial challenge in strategic management.

Warby Parker, a recent entrant into the highly competitive eyeglasses market, has rapidly gained market share by employing customer-centric marketing and a business model that allows customers to try on their frames at home before deciding. Warby Parker has gained a competitive advantage from

the marketplace becoming more segmented

despite your best intentions, its hard to bring the best evidence to bear on your decisions. why?

there's too much evidence and theres not enough good evidence

Compared to internal recruiting, which of the following is true of hybrid recruiting approaches?

they tap into existing connections to fill open positions.

_______ appraisals are subject to validity problems due to evaluator bias

trait

After a crisis, Bagel Bank hired Caitlin as its new CEO. Caitlin's interactions and behaviors as the new CEO will signal whether she intends to change the organizational culture.

true

Ashton, a graphic designer, enjoys working for Eleanor Advertising because of the flexibility of its management and its culture which encourages risk taking, innovation, and creativity. Ashton gets quick answers from his boss, allowing him and Eleanor Advertising to quickly respond to changes in the marketplace. Eleanor Advertising is an example of an adhocracy culture.

true

an interview is susceptible to legal attack because some questions may infringe on on job related matters such as privacy, diversity or disability

unstructured

The benefit of ________ is that complex tasks can be parceled out to specialists, improving productivity, which results in greater efficiency.

work specialization

____ occurs when people are hired or promoted, or denied hiring or promotion, for reason not related to the job.

workplace discrimination