Organizational Behavior & Leadership Theory

Of Thomas and Kilmann's five conflict-handling modes, which one involves unassertive and uncooperative behaviors? a. avoidance b. accommodation c. competition d. compromise e. collaboration

a. avoidance

At my workplace, I never have an opportunity to speak with the vice president of my division, since I must speak with my direct supervisor, who then speaks with the division manager, who then relays my message to the vice president. This is an example of which communication network? a. chain b. wheel c. circle d. all-channel

a. chain

Of the four basic decision styles, which one is associated with low tolerance ambiguity and low cognitive complexity with a focus on technical decisions? a. directive b. analytic c. conceptual d. behavior

a. directive

Which are fundamental principles described by Edgley and Robinson for dialogue to be successful? (select all that apply) a. engage motivated people b. let the process move at its own pace c. have the group develop procedures d. dialogue in public in front of an audience

a. engage motivated people b. let the process move at its own pace c. have the group develop procedures

Conflict occurs when two or more desired or expected outcomes are incompatible. This is an example of what type of conflict? a. goal b. cognitive c. affective d. procedural

a. goal

What is an unstructured and informal network founded on social relationships rather than organizational charts or job descriptions called? a. grapevine b. wheel c. circle d. chain

a. grapevine

Which of the following are included in the four levels of feedback described by Keyton? (select all that apply) a. group feedback b. descriptive feedback c. task or procedural feedback d. individual feedback c. evaluative feedback

a. group feedback c. task or procedural feedback d. individual feedback

All charismatic leaders exhibit which of the following characteristics? (select all that apply) a. high levels of self confidence b. trust in subordinates c. high expectations of subordinates d. a focus on ethical concerns e. ideological visions

a. high levels of self confidence b. trust in subordinates c. high expectations of subordinates e. ideological visions

What type of negotiation is a cooperative, interest-based, agreement-oriented approach to dealing with conflict that is viewed as a "win-win" or mutual gain dispute? a. integrative b. interactive c. distributive

a. integrative

Which of the following is an advantage to utilizing an internal consultant (for insurance, employee or the organization)? a. knowledge of the organization b. better data collection expertise c. knowledge and experience of a particular intervention d. a lack of objectivity

a. knowledge of the organization

Which of the following are part of the "Big 5" personality traits measured with personality tests? (select all that apply) a. neuroticism b. spirituality c. extraversion d. agreeableness e. openness

a. neuroticism c. extraversion d. agreeableness e. openness

Promoting psychological closeness is a proper technique for avoiding which of the following tendencies? a. optimistic attribution style b. pessimistic attribution style c. hostile attribution style d. intuitive attribution style

a. optimistic attribution style

What type of reinforcement occurs when an unpleasant effect is eliminated or avoided? a. positive b. negative c. punishment

a. positive

Which of the following are part of the six areas of responsibility for health care organizations? (select all that apply) a. providing economic benefits to the community b. being in full compliance with legal requirements c. meeting ethical and fiduciary obligations d. offering unique benefits to the community e. avoiding philanthropic activities

a. providing economic benefits to the community b. being in full compliance with legal requirements c. meeting ethical and fiduciary obligations d. offering unique benefits to the community

A diversification in products is an example of which type of intervention? a. strategic b. technostructural c. human process d. human resource management

a. strategic

Provisions from which piece of legislation, such as Medicare's increased focus on chronic disease prevention, new models of care for reducing re-hospitalizations, improved care coordination, and annual screening for cognitive impairment will assist with changing attitudes toward elderly patients? a. the 2010 Affordable Care Act b. the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act c. the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act d. the Medicare Prescription, Improvement, and Modernization Act

a. the 2010 Affordable Care Act

Which of the following are key elements to effective communication for physicians and hospital administrators? (select all that apply) a. the desire to communicate b. an understanding of how others learn c. the ability to write clearly d. the receiver of the message should be cued to the purpose of the message

a. the desire to communicate b. an understanding of how others learn d. the receiver of the message should be cued to the purpose of the message

Through the value-based purchasing initiative enacted by the Affordable Care Act, what has transformed from a passive payer to an active purchase of higher quality, more efficient health care? a. Medicaid b. Medicare c. Tricare d. CHAMPVA

b. Medicare

Which attribution refers to a state of heightened motivation that is focused on an undesirable behavior or goal? a. learned helplessness b. aggression c. empowerment d. resilience

b. aggression

Which Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision process requests specific information? a. autocratic I b. autocratic II c. consultative I d. consultative II e. group

b. autocratic II

Which type of decision making involves using one's professional judgement based on past experiences rather than sequential logic or explicit reasoning? a. bounded rationality b. intuitive c. heuristics d. biases

b. intuitive

The process by which we interpret and organize sensory information to produce a meaningful experience of the world is known as: a. attitude b. perception d. cognition d. intuition e. judgment

b. perception

At my workplace, I never get to talk to my supervisor. I always have to hear the news from one of the staff who happens to be the supervisor's favorite employee. Which type of communication barrier is this? a. environmental b. personal c. professional d. uninterntional

b. personal

According to Hofstede's research, which dimension is the measure of how a society deals with physical and intellectual inequalities and the culture applies power and wealth relative to its inequalities? a. individualism-collectivism b. power distance c. uncertainty avoidance d. masculinity versus femininity

b. power distance

Individual barriers to accepting change initiatives may include: a. feelings of certainty b. real or perceived stress c. gaining status d. gaining personal power

b. real or perceived stress

Which type of team involves employees, not managers, deciding how to carry out tasks, allocating the work within the team, and making decisions? a. parallel team b. self-managing team c. project team d. management team

b. self-managing team

The ____________________ is the bias that occurs when people know they are being studied. a. Mayo Effect b. Roethlisberger Effect c. Hawthorne Effect d. McGregor Effect

c. Hawthorne Effect

Which studies revealed the great potential for social forces to directly influence an individual's behavior and beliefs which, is turn, will serve as the foundation for establishing or changing an attitude? a. The Ohio State University Studies b. The University of Michigan Studies c. The Hawthorne Studies d. The Pursuing Perfection Program

c. The Hawthorne Studies

The following is an example of what type of intrapersonal conflict: When an individual must choose an alternative that is expected to have both positive and negative outcomes. a. avoidance/avoidance b. approach/approach c. approach/avoidance

c. approach/avoidance

Group development norming is defined as: a. members try to determine the appropriate behaviors and core values of the group b. characterized by high levels of emotion, because members are trying to find their group identity c. cohesion and structure develops when the group's standards, key values, and roles are accepted

c. cohesion and structure develops when the group's standards, key values, and roles are accepted

When a person evaluates another as generally low on many traits after observing poor performance on just one trait, the negative carryover effect is known as: a. stereotype b. placebo effect c. horn effect d. halo effect e. angel syndrome

c. horn effect

Which of the following interventions deal primarily with issues between people in an organization? a. strategic b. technostructural c. human process d. human resource management

c. human process

The degree of certainty, trust, and deference between the subordinate and the leader is called: a. task structure b. position of power c. leader-member relations

c. leader-member relations

Which type of manager balances the concern for task and the concern for people in an effort to boost morale and satisfaction? a. impoverished b. ideal c. middle-of-the-road d. country club e. task

c. middle-of-the-road

Which data collection method might enable the practitioner to learn more about communication patterns, leadership issues, or ineffective conflict resolution strategies in the team? a. questionnaires b. interviews c. observation d. unobtrusive methods

c. observation

Which team's tasks are non-repetitive in nature and involve considerable application of knowledge, judgment, and expertise, and as such draws its members from different disciplines and functional units so that specialized expertise can be applied to the task(s) at hand? a. work team b. parallel team c. project team d. management team

c. project team

Using reason, logic, and compromise in attempting to influence others, as well as attempting to convince others that certain actions are in their own best interest in indicative of which upward influence tactic? a. assertiveness b. ingratiation c. rationality tactic d. coalition formation

c. rationality tactic

Which have a tremendous potential for power by withholding information or providing incorrect information? a. physicians b. administrators c. employees d. experts

d. experts

Sharing information without using words is knowns as: a. computer-aided communication b. communication c. verbal communication d. nonverbal communication

d. nonverbal communication

There are several barriers that can impede the communication process. What are the two categories described by Longest, Rakich, and Darr? a. social and environmental b. environmental and cultural c. cultural and personal d. personal and environmental

d. personal and environmental

According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt, managers should determine where on the continuum of leadership behavior they should position themselves, depending on: a. position in the hierachy b. environmental uncertainty c. administrative support d. situational factors

d. situational factors

The tri-component model suggests that human attitudes have three factors. They are: a. love, intimacy, passion b. biological, chemical, learned c. physical, mental, spiritual d. behavior, mechanical, mental e. actions, beliefs, feelings

e. actions, beliefs, feelings

Which group is organized based on members' common interests or goals? a. primary b. secondary c. reference d. formal e. informal

e. informal

T or F A leader is a person who directs that work of employees and is responsible for results.

false

T or F A study of successful business leaders found that they were born with the following innate traits: drive, honestly and integrity leadership motivation, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of the business, creativity and flexibility.

false

T or F According to Bennis and Nanus (1985), leaders are people who do things right and managers are people who do the right things.

false

T or F According to French and Raven, an individual can only hold one source of power at a time.

false

T or F According to Herzberg, the opposite of job satisfaction is job dissatisfaction.

false

T or F According to the Institute of Medicine, research demonstrates that there are no variations in the rates of medical procedures by race and that all patients receive equal treatment.

false

T or F All change in organizations should be considered an Organization Development (OD) initiative.

false

T or F Although valid 20 years ago, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions are no longer applicable to understanding the influence national culture has on organizational and managerial behaviors.

false

T or F Conformity may improve a group's performance by increasing innovation and critical-thinking by the group's members.

false

T or F Groups produce less and lower quality solutions to problems than do individuals working alone, because there are too many people involved in group decision making.

false

T or F In their study of health care systems, VanDeusen Lukas and colleagues found that internal pressure for change is stronger than external pressure.

false

T or F Managers are not dependent on others due to two organizational factors: division of labor and limited resources.

false

T or F Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of individuals, groups and organizations.

false

T or F Scientific management was significant to the development of organizational behavior because it demonstrated the important influence of human factors on worker productivity.

false

T or F Stress may be defined as a particular relationship between a person and others that is endangering his or her wellbeing.

false

T or F The classical approach to management focused on the human relations aspect in the workplace.

false

T or F The core of House's path-goal leadership theory is based on the belief that organizational goals are rarely attained by managerial influence.

false

T or F The macro perspective of leadership provides a more detailed examination of the leader, the external environment, and the situation.

false

T or F Theory Y states that employees are unintelligent and lazy.

false

T or F To effectively address the variety of situations a manager faces in today's emergent environment, it is not important that a manger function effectively at each placement on the Tannenbaum and Schmidt's leadership continuum, but only at a few placements.

false

T or F Transactional leadership is a sub-type of transformational leadership.

false

Which group is created by the organization, and is therefore part of the organization's formal structure? a. primary b. secondary c. reference d. formal e. informal

formal

Which of the following emphasizes systems, processes, procedures and so forth for personnel management and is usually housed in a functional unit within organizations? a. human resources management b. organization theory c. organizational development d. organizational behavior

human resources management

T of F The goal of process improvement interventions is to improve efficiency.

true

T or F A major outcome of the interviewing program associated with the Hawthorne Studies was that researchers discovered that workers were social beings and their attitudes toward change in the workplace.

true

T or F A team can be defined as a small group of people committed to a common purpose, who possess complimentary skills and who have agreed on specific performance goals for which the team members hold themselves mutually accountable.

true

T or F According to B.F. Skinner, an individual's behavior can be redirected through the use of reinforcement.

true

T or F An attribution is a causal explanation for an event or behavior.

true

T or F Barriers to effective teamwork fall within four categories: (1) lack of management support, (2) lack of resources, (3) lack of leadership, and (4) lack of training.

true

T or F Different types of groups prefer specific styles of leadership. Members' preference would be based on the leadership style they perceived as right or natural due to their personal socialization process.

true

T or F Fiedler's research was based upon a questionnaire known as the Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) scale.

true

T or F Flows of communication can be combined into patterns called communication networks.

true

T or F Managers need to be conscious of the fact that all employees are not driven by the same needs, nor is any employee driven by the same need, at the same time.

true

T or F Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs had a great influence on the study of organizational behavior.

true

T or F Minority patients who have a choice are more likely to select health care providers of their own racial or ethnic background and are generally more satisfied with the care they receive from minority professionals?

true

T or F One of the major criticisms of the Expectancy Theory is that it does not take into relationship between employee performance and job satisfaction.

true

T or F Organizational behavior analyzes individual and group behavior while trying to predict how they will behave and provide managers with tools to assist is managing individual and group behaviors.

true

T or F Organizational rules and norms can cause learned helplessness among employees in the same manner that experiments induce it in dogs.

true

T or F Overestimation by group members, closed-mindedness, and pressures toward uniformity all contribute in negatively affecting a group's ability to make good decisions.

true

T or F Price Waterhouse vs. Hopkins was a legal case where a female lawyer claimed discrimination based on gender stereotyped statements.

true

T or F Stress has become a widely used but misunderstood term. As a result, a number of misconceptions about stress exist, such as the notion that all stress is negative.

true

T or F The University of Michigan studies attempted to determine the most effective style of leadership: an employee-centered focus or a production-centered focus.

true

T or F The rational model is considered the "ideal" method of decision making.

true

T or F Transformational leaders, often referred to as change agents, influence members through a variety of mechanisms, including but not limited to intellectual, emotional, and behavioral processes of the followers.

true

T or F The two primary forces influencing an individual's perception, attitude, and response toward change are cumulative life experiences and social (informal group) forces.

true

A single entity owning and operating all of the segments providing health care including preventative services, specialized and primary ambulatory care, acute care, subacute care, long-term care, home health care, as well as a health plan is an example of which of the following? a. horizontal integration b. vertical integration c. diagonal integration d. upward integration

vertical integration

_________________________ has evolved to meet the need for better technology and information infrastructure that allows for information sharing, patient care management, and cost control. a. horizontal integration b. vertical integration c. diagonal integration d. virtual integration

virtual integration