Organizational Behavior Chapter 5

According to equity theory, what is the basis used by employees when determining if a decision is equitable?

a comparison of input-outcome ratios

Liam was often praised by his former boss for his excellent customer service skills. But his new boss doesn't say anything to Liam about how well he serves customers. Over time, Liam's customer service performance decreases. This is an example of

extinction

What is multisource feedback?

Information about an employee's performance is collected from a full circle of people.

Which type of justice is higher when the decision maker demonstrates neutrality, allows everyone involved to have their say, and allows an appeal of the decision?

procedural justice

According to ________, people learn by observing or hearing about what happened to other people, not just by directly experiencing the consequences.

social cognitive theory

The strength of needs is impacted by self-concept, social norms and ________, which amplify or suppress emotions.

past experience

Negative reinforcement is often confused with ________, even though it is the opposite.

punishment

The perceived probability that a specific behavior or performance level will lead to a particular outcome is which element of expectancy theory?

P-to-O

In the four-drive theory, achievement, competence, status, and self-esteem are produced by the drive to

acquire

People with a high need for achievement

choose moderately challenging tasks

What are the three elements of motivation that affect voluntary behavior?

direction, intensity, persistence

Motivation starts with our ________, which generate emotions that put us in a state of readiness to act.

drives

Needs are essentially ________ that we become consciously aware of and channel toward particular goals and associated behaviors.

emotions

________ is an individual's emotional and cognitive (logical) motivation, particularly a focused, intense, persistent, and purposive effort toward work-related goals.

employee engagement

XYZ Corp. provided training and clarified job requirements. This practice improves employee motivation by

improving E-to-P expectancies.

A manager should ________ in order to increase an employee's expected satisfaction with outcomes resulting from desired performance.

individualize rewards

People experience self-actualization by applying their skills and knowledge, observing how their talents achieve meaningful results, and experiencing personal growth through learning. These are the conditions for

instrinsic motivation

Dylan is studying for an exam. The length of time that he studies would represent his ________ of effort.

persistence

According to goal setting theory, goals must be within the employee's control. In other words, goals must be

relevant

One positive approach to feedback is ________, which focuses on areas of work where the employee excels or has demonstrated potential.

strength-based coaching

The ________ principle states that everyone in the group should receive the same outcomes.

equality