Organizational Behavior Multiple Choice Questions
The human resource department of Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores, recently conducted a survey to analyze employee commitment. Which of the following statements is most likely to indicate a high degree of organizational commitment?
"I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all."
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance?
.People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.
Predictions suggest there will be a labor shortage for at least another _____ years.
10-15 years
Approximately _____ % of the U.S. labor force is employed in service industries.
80
________ may be defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
Ability
What is the probable consequence of the fact that women significantly outnumber men on U.S. college campuses?
An increase in the number of technical positions filled by women.
Which of the following does the heredity approach state?
An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
Angela Wells recently applied for a job at Spiga, a lounge in Paris. Having worked in several restaurants and lounges in and across France, she was confident that she would get the job. However, soon after the interview, she was informed that another candidate was offered the job, even though the other candidate had limited experience in comparison to her. Angela feels that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, would best justify Angela's assumption?
Angela is a single mother with two young children.
Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation?
Anya's boss Kira sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them
refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events
Attitude
Which of the following is true of moderating variables in attitude relationships?
Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.
Ben has been working as a process executive at an accounting firm for the past two years. A hard worker, his work is of good quality and he often puts in extra hours at the office to ensure his schedules are on track. Noticing his efforts, the management offers him a 20 percent hike. Two months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup organization, at a senior position. Which of the following best explains this situation?
Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous.
The ________ is a personality assessment model that taps basic dimensions which encompass most of the significant variation in human personality, namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
Big Five Model
Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new Floor Supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role, instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate?
Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.
Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China, to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help them learn about their new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment. Which of the following, if true, would reduce the likelihood that Bryan will be selected?
Bryan does not cope very well in ambiguous situations.
Mara is looking to send one of her team members on an international assignment to China, to train a group of employees located at her company's office in Beijing. As part of the assignment, the chosen employee will have to undergo a 3-week diversity training program to help them learn about their new environment. Bryan, one of Mara's colleagues, is interested in taking up the assignment. Which of the following, if true, would increase the likelihood that Bryan will be selected? A) Bryan's application was rejected the last time he applied for an international assignment.
Bryan is quite sociable and can "think on his feet."
In what way does current thought on workplace diversity differ from the older "melting-pot" assumption?
By recognizing that employees don't set aside their cultural values, lifestyle preferences, and differences when they come to work.
________ is as important for managers as for front-line employees and, among all Big Five Model traits, is most consistently related to job performance.
Conscientiousness
________ refers to bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
Core self-evaluation
Which of the following has not contributed to blurring the lines between employees' work life and personal life?
Creation of flexible teams
________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which involves using logic to assess the implications of an argument
Deductive reasoning
________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience.
Deep-level
Which of the following questions best helps understand an employee's organizational commitment?
Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?
The human resource department of Palmer Inc. is aiming to understand the degree of employee engagement in the organization. Which of the following statements would best help them in the process?
Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones?
Which of the following questions best helps understand the degree of perceived organizational support among employees?
Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?
Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that her team member Janice Kenneth has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project?
Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months?
Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and work in New York City. Comfortable living in New York occurs at about $40,000 a year. Charles makes $24,000 a year, Anna makes $30,000 a year, Elle makes $50,000 a year, and Adam makes $75,000 a year. Which of the following is most likely to be true with reference to correlation between pay and job satisfaction?
Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction.
The business head at Solaris Services was alarmed by the finding of a recent survey conducted in-house which revealed that most employees were dissatisfied with their work. He holds a meeting with various department heads to identify ways to stem the brewing discontent. One manager suggests providing employees with greater training opportunities. What assumption is the manager making?
Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them.
Under which of the following conditions is job dissatisfaction most likely to result in turnover?
Employees have high education and ability.
________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring.
Exclusion
________ refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions.
General mental ability
Who defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment?
Gordon Allport
John Hardley recently joined as marketing director of H2O, a water sports gear company. Though in the last five years the company has had a drastic dip in sales, ever since Hardley has joined he has turned the figures around. In addition to revamping the look of the brand, he has initiated several marketing campaigns through broadcast media to increase customer base for the company. Hardley has over the past 6 months managed to get the company to an all time high peak of sales. Which of the following statements best describes Hardley?
Hardley has a proactive personality
With reference to the Big Five Model, which of the following is a difference between highly agreeable and less agreeable people?
Highly agreeable people tend to do better in interpersonally oriented jobs than less agreeable people.
Which of the following is a reason that the study of organizational behavior is useful?
Human behavior is not random
Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude?
I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills.
Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude?
I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.
________ refers to a dimension of intellectual ability which involves identifying a logical sequence in a problem and using this logical sequence to solve the problem.
Inductive reasoning
Which of the following differentiates introverts from extraverts?
Introverts are less impulsive than extraverts.
What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of personality?
It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
Which of the following statements is not an implication of increased workplace diversity?
It is critical that all workers be treated alike.
Which of the following is true of workplace discrimination?
It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior.
Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?
It may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression.
Which of the following is true of surface-level diversity?
It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race
Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity?
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together.
________ is moderately correlated with organizational citizenship behavior.
Job satisfaction
________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.
Job satisfaction
Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor that provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation?
Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice.
Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen Kate's chances of being selected?
Kate is enterprising and adept at interacting with diverse groups of individuals
Jonah is currently trying to decide whether or not to allow Kate to be part of a delegation that will represent their company at an international business expo. Apart from allowing the company to market its business to potential clients, the expo will give the members of the delegation a chance to meet and network with various industry professionals and gain valuable industry insights.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Kate's chances of being selected?
Kate is socially inept and tends to display her true disposition and attitude in every situation.
Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement?
Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities.
A manager wishes to know how members of her team will react to layoffs in other departments. Which of the following is least useful in predicting her team's behavior?
Knowing what are the organizational goals of her team.
The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________.
Leon Festinger
Which of the following is the major challenge to managers in a fully networked organization?
Managing people who work together but are geographically separated.
Raylon Inc. is in the process of recruiting a new Operations Manager. The Human Resources team has narrowed the candidate list down to two candidates, but cannot come to an agreement about whom to hire. Though both candidates have the relevant qualifications for the post, one will soon be 60 years old. The other candidate is in his early thirties. Rachel, a member of the HR team, recommends hiring the older candidate, citing his years of experience and leadership ability. Tim, on the other hand, strongly recommends that the company hire the younger candidate, as he is likely to be more flexible when it comes to working. Which of the following, if true, will most strengthen Rachel's argument?
Most of the employees the Operations Manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age.
How is the science of organizational behavior different from sciences such as physics and chemistry?
Most people have preconceived notions about the phenomena studied by OB.
The ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 100-questions where respondents are classified as extraverted-introverted, sensing-intuitive, thinking-feeling, and judging-perceiving.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
________ refers to the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
Narcissism
________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic.
Number aptitude
Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers?
Older workers have extensive work experience
Which of the following is an example of being an efficient company?
Operating at the lowest possible cost while yielding a higher output
is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.
Organizational Behavior
_____ is discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirement, but that promotes the effective functioning of the organization.
Organizational citizenship
Which of the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction?
Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living
In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true?
People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction
________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being.
Perceived organizational support
________ differences between people represent deep-level diversity
Personality
________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
Personality
Which of the following statements is true about personality?
Personality is influenced by hereditary factors.
________ may be referred to as the capacity to undertake tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, and strength.
Physical abilities
________ refers to the biological heritage people use to identify themselves
Race
Which of the following is the best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations?
Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance?
She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.
Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance?
She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice.
The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action?
She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them
________ refers to the ability to exert force against external objects.
Static strength
________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age
Surface-level
Which of the following is most likely to be a belief held by a successful manager?
Technical skills are necessary, but insufficient alone for success
With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong?
The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.
Synergy Inc. is a medium-sized logistics company. The management is facing tough times as the workers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant workplace behaviors such as stealing and substance abuse during working hours. The management is considering various options to curb these counterproductive behaviors. What would be a better way to deal with such forms of workplace deviance?
The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction
Which of the following statements is true about measuring job satisfaction?
The single global rating system is not very time consuming.
Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company which promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies which focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity?
The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group
Which of the following statements is true about people with positive core self-evaluations ?
They are committed to their goals and set ambitious goals.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding people with proactive personalities?
They are more likely than others to be seen as leaders
Which of the following is true of a narcissist?
They are more likely to emerge as leaders.
Which of the following is true of biographical characteristics?
They are representative of surface-level diversity
Quality management and process reengineering are alike in what ways?
They both require the extensive involvement of employees.
Which of the following statements best describes the current status of Observational Behavior concepts?
They can be used to predict human behavior only if the situation is clearly specified
Which of the following is most likely to be a drawback of highly conscientious people according to the Big Five Model?
They do not adapt well to changing contexts.
Which of the following is most likely to be true regarding people with a high level of other-orientation?
They feel obligated to help people who have helped them.
Which of the following is true of the baby boomer generation?
They give high importance to achievement and material success.
Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes?
They give warnings of potential problems.
Which of the following is true of values ?
They have content and intensity attributes.
Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees?
They put in time but give no attention to their work.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the major job attitudes?
They tend to overlap one another.
Lensmasters, a U.S. company that produces high quality optical systems for survey equipment, has decided to expand its operations by opening plants in low-wage countries in Southern Asia. If this proves successful, it plans to reduce its U.S. manufacturing capacity and move more of its production offshore. Managers at Lensmasters are least likely to find their jobs changing in which of the following ways due to these changes?
They will need to anticipate an anti-capitalism backlash.
Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude?
This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.
Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade?
U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement.
________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other.
Verbal comprehension
The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed.
Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test
Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for their new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold?
Younger workers are more flexible to change.
Which of the following is a trend in management since the 1980s?
a blurring between the roles of managers and workers
An OB study would be least likely to be used to focus on which of the following problems?
a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition
Which of the following is not a reason we expect to see an increase in the number of managerial jobs filled by women in the future?
a decrease in the number of men available to fill these positions
A high Mach would be most productive in which of the following positions?
a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission
A model is a(n) _____.
abstraction of reality
With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the investigating type prefer ________.
activities that involve thinking, organizing, and understanding
Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent?
affective
Janice Hartley works as a writer at a fashion magazine in New York. She was recently asked by her editor to write an article on "10 must-haves for the autumn season." Her editor has now sent back the article saying it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. Janice is upset and disappointed about the feedback. Which component of an attitude is represented in this scenario?
affective component
Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs needed to be performed by individuals who had the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. Which of the following surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers?
age
Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?
agreeableness
Which of the following would not be considered an organization?
all adults in a given community
Which of the following is the best description of the settings in human society in which behavior is guided by implicit and explicit behavioral rules?
all settings
Which of the following is least likely to be considered a manager?
an IT technician who enables communication between all of a company's employees
The subject of organizational culture has been most influenced by which behavioral science discipline?
anthropology
Which of the following fields has most helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior among people in different countries?
anthropology
According to Katz, technical skills encompass the ability to _____.
apply specialized knowledge or expertise
As compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors ________.
are less likely to emerge as leaders
Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________.
attitudes; behavior
The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ________.
balance
Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude.
behavioral
Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though Mayer asked the employees repeatedly to sign out, they have not followed her advise. She now decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is being demonstrated by Mayer?
behavioral
Social psychologists have made major contributions to OB by their study of which of the following?
behavioral and attitude change
The U.S. labor shortage is a function of _____.
birth rates and labor participation rates
How does Luthans define a manager's success?
by the speed of their promotion
The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude.
cognitive
Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones?
cognitive component
Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________.
cognitive dissonance
Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________.
cognitive dissonance
According to Katz, when managers have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations, they possess _____ skills.
conceptual
Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?
conscientiousness
In order to predict human behavior with any degree of accuracy, what sort of variables must be taken into account?
contingency
Given the climate of "temporariness" in modern organizations, employees must _____.
continually update their knowledge and skills
According to Luthans and his associates, which of the following is considered a part of traditional management?
decision making
Which one of the following would not be considered a human skill in Katz's structure?
decision making
Mintzberg concluded that managers perform 10 different, highly interrelated roles. Which of the following is one of the broad categories into which these roles could be grouped?
decisional
People belonging to the ESTJ type are characterized as ________ according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification.
decisive
Irene Jones, a project manager at a water conservation foundation, is holding a team meeting to discuss the different modes of spreading awareness about the issue of water conservation to the public. A team member, John Sullivan, states that using broadcasting media is the best way to reach out to the public. On the other hand, Pamela Riley states that print media is the right medium to spread word about the issue. Jones is now weighing the pros and cons of both her team members' suggestions before choosing the medium which will be most appropriate for the water conservation project. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability is Jones most likely to be using to make her decision?
deductive reasoning
Jason has been spending a great deal of work time talking to his co-workers about how dissatisfied he is with the job. He has spent quite a bit of time discussing unionization. Jason has also arrived at work intoxicated twice in the last week. His behavior can be classified as ________ behavior.
deviant
Rashid is dissatisfied at work. He feels he is paid too little and asked to do too much. To compensate for his perceived unjust pay, he regularly takes work supplies home for personal use, such as computer ink cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper. Rashid's behavior is an example of ________.
deviant behavior
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________.
dissatisfaction
Which of the following is a kind of physical ability which refers to the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements?
dynamic flexibility
At its root, productivity involves concern for both ____.
effectiveness and efficiency
Among the Big Five Model traits, ________ is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and low stress levels.
emotional stability
Which of the following dimensions of the Big Five Model indicates a person's ability to withstand stress?
emotional stability
An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for, the work he performs is known as ________.
employee engagement
Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with co-workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called ________.
employee withdrawal
Today's managers understand that the success of any effort at improving quality and productivity must include _____.
employees
Which of the following groups appears to have the highest levels of job satisfaction?
employees in the United States and Western Europe
Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity?
employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively
When managers put employees in charge of what they do, they are _____ the employees.
empowering
71) With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the ________ type prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to influence others and attain powers.
enterprising
According to Mintzberg, when a manager searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change, the manager is acting in which role?
entrepreneur
Situations where an individual is required to define right and wrong conduct are termed _____.
ethical dilemmas
Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity
ethnicity
Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to?
exclusion
Women being assigned marginal job roles that do not lead to promotion is an example of the ________ form of discrimination.
exclusion
Maria Womack who worked for a bank in Michigan was dissatisfied with the way her manager treated her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response.
exit
The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework.
exit and neglect
Many employees have been led to retire early as a result of _____.
expanded Social Security benefits
The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as ________.
extent flexibility
People scoring high on the ________ dimension of the Big Five Model are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior than those who score low.
extraversion
Ellen Athers works as a communication executive at a travel house. She is known to be friendly with her colleagues and interacts with them regularly to build strong work relationships. She knows that her rapport with her co-workers is a crucial part of her work and invests time in these relationships. In addition, while making decisions, she is assertive and colleagues take her decisions seriously. Which of the following personality types is Athers most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
extraverted
What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?
extraverted/introverted
_____ is/are the number one reason that business travelers have cut back on their travel.
fear of terrorism
Amber Downing, a human resource executive, is in charge of the recruitment process in her organization. During the hiring process, she often needs to coordinate with prospective employees. The organizational process does not require her to inform employees who do not get through the selection process. However she believes that it is rude not to give them an update. She thus makes sure that she send them e-mails informing them all about the selection process. Which of the following personality types is Downing characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
feeling
Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude?
feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing
There are _____ simple and universal principles that explain organizational behavior.
few if any
As a manager, one of Joe's duties is to present awards to outstanding employees within his department. Which Mintzberg managerial role is Joe acting in when he does this?
figurehead role
Which of the following factors makes it imperative that organizations be fast and flexible?
globalization
Whereas _____ focuses on differences among people from different countries, _____ addresses differences among people within given countries.
globalization;workforce diversity
Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception?
heredity
Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates?
high job involvement
Individuals scoring ________ have a strong ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors and can behave differently in different situations.
high on self-monitoring
Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday to relax herself and get the much needed break. She knows that the organization will understand her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling?
high perceived organizational support
According to the textbook, when diversity is not managed properly, there is a potential for _____.
higher turnover
Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes?
incompatibility
Which of the following is likely to be least important in getting and keeping skilled employees in a time of labor shortages?
increasing the number of temporary and contract workers
Higher levels of job satisfaction have been reported in the United States. This may be because ________.
individuals in western cultures emphasize positive emotions
What are the three primary determinants of behavior that organizational behavior focuses upon?
individuals, groups, and structure
A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability.
inductive reasoning
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, the ENTP type of people are most likely to be ________.
innovative
According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior.
instrumental
Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) which consisted of two sets of values, namely ________ values and ________ values.
instrumental; terminal
When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value system.
intensity
Hazel Samuels has been working at her company for the past two years and consistently gets yelled at by her manager even when she is not at fault. He often makes derogatory references to her ethnicity. In addition, during team meetings, she is his target for practical jokes and nasty pranks. She is extremely upset and decides not to be subjected to such treatment any longer. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to report to the human resource department in such a situation?
intimidation
In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees.
intimidation
Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees?
intimidation
The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on ________.
intrinsic parts of the job
Ellaine Chamberlain works as a research executive at an environmental organization. Though her colleagues are helpful and friendly, because of her shy nature, she often eats her lunch at her desk and has limited interactions with them. She is glad that her nature of work does not require her to interact with her co-workers to a high extent. Which of the following personality types is Chamberlain most likely to be characterized by according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
introverted
John Holland's personality-job fit theory presents six personality types. Which of the following is one of these six types?
investigative
The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________.
job involvement
According to Mintzberg, one of management's interpersonal roles is
leader
Individual-level independent variables include all of the following except _____.
leadership
Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee?
length of tenure
In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described?
low job satisfaction
According to the Big Five Model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.
low on conscientiousness
Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do the needful to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________.
loyalty
Joe Dailey is unhappy with his job because he has not received the promotion due to him several years ago. However, in spite of this, he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them. Which of the following types of response represents his behavior?
loyalty
To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben's working hours have just been reduced from 40 hours a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve, and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following types of response is being displayed by Ben?
loyalty
Which of the following is a type of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive?
loyalty
Which of the following personality traits indicates the degree to which a person is unemotional and pragmatic and believes that ends can justify means?
machiavellianism
Over the past two decades, business schools have added required courses on people skills to many of their curricula. Why have they done this?
managers need to understand human behavior if they are to be effective
With reference to John Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to the realistic type will be most suitable for the job of a(n) ________.
mechanic
Rene Cox works as a media officer in a global forest protection organization. Her job requires her to interact with a large number of people from the press with whom she needs to establish strong professional relationships. This requires her to remember a large number of people's names and the organizations with which they are associated. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability will best help her accomplish this task?
memory
Christina Hutchins was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Manhattan. During her first month in the job, she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations. Which of the following did she most likely do?
mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence
A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments.
mockery
Stacy Hanes is an African-American woman who has recently taken her first job and does not seem to like the work environment at all. Her colleagues put down her ideas at team meetings and refer to them as "stupid." In addition, they make fun of her race and often ask her if she is educated enough to work for the company. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is Hanes most likely subject to?
mockery
A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________.
must try to improve employee attitudes
During an annual review, Michel Godfrey made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and my performance, I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and something no one in the organization has the capacity to undertake. Surprisingly, it has not won me the admiration of my colleagues like it should have. I also believe that I do not just deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart." Which of the following personality traits best describes Michel's personality?
narcissism
Steve Werner is unhappy with his job and takes every possible vacation and sick day to avoid going to work. In addition, whenever he goes to work, he shows up late and skips important meetings. Werner is expressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response.
neglect
_____ allow(s) people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart.
networked organizations
According to Luthans' research, successful managers spent more of their time on _____ than on any other activity.
networking
Which of Luthans' managerial activities involves socializing, politicking, and interacting with outsiders?
networking
Lorna Perry, who works in a financial firm in Michigan, is required to calculate a large number of clients' accounts daily. She needs to tally figures and check accuracy at a high speed. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Perry most likely use?
number aptitude
Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company, asking her to study a colleague, Cindy Camp's behavior and attention toward her work without her knowledge. Winter now needs to scrutinize her behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficient importance to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting?
observer-ratings survey
In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge.
observer-ratings surveys
According to the Big Five Model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty.
openness to experience
Marina Lyon works as a reservation executive at a travel and tourism company. Though her job requires her only to efficiently book flight tickets for customers, she has also opted to undergo training to learn the process of hotel reservations. In addition, every evening she reads travelogues to be aware of upcoming travel destinations and trends. She loves the industry she works in and is eager to learn as much as she can. Considering the information given in this case, which dimension of the Big Five model best describes Lyon's personality?
openness to experience
Determining how tasks are to be grouped is part of which management function?
organization
Which of the following is best defined as a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals?
organization
High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________.
organizational citizenship
Which of the following has only recently been considered a primary dependent variable in organizational behavior?
organizational citizenship behavior
While the Functions, Roles, Skills, and Activities approaches to management all differ, they all recognize that effective and successful managers must develop which of the following?
people skills
Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with the above stated example
perceived organizational support
Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________.
perceived organizational support
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are flexible and spontaneous.
perceiving
Jeremy Samuels works in the police department of California. His job often requires him to observe clues that criminals leave behind. His job is to analyze these clues which help the department catch the criminal. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Samuels most likely have?
perceptual speed
Which of the following is an instrumental value according to the Rokeach value survey?
personal discipline
According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.
personality
Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________.
personality
The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job?
personality
Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence, and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________.
personality plays a role in job satisfaction
Organizational behavior is constructed from all of the following disciplines except _____.
physics
Which of a manager's primary roles requires the manager to define an organization's goals, establish an overall strategy for achieving these goals and develop a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities?
planning
What do the fundamental consistencies underlying the behavior of all individuals enable researchers to do?
predict human behavior
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________.
prefer their world to be ordered
Those with a ________ personality identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs, compared to others who passively react to situations.
proactive
Service industry jobs include all of the following except _____.
production line worker
Increasingly, we can expect that women will be hired into _____ positions.
professional
Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________.
psychological empowerment
The OB topic of motivation has been most influenced by which behavioral science discipline?
psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals is known as _____.
psychology
Which behavioral science discipline is most focused on understanding individual behavior?
psychology
Green Planet, an environmental organization, recently opened an office in Indonesia. The organization is currently looking for employees to staff a deforestation project in the country. They need to recruit individuals who understand the intricacies of Jakarta's culture, the mindset of the locals, and are fluent in the local language. Which of the following are they most likely to consider while they recruit for these positions?
race
Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior?
reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production
Which of the following are characteristics of the intuitive type of people according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
relying on unconscious processes and looking at the overall picture
Which of the following is not a core topic of organizational behavior?
resource allocation
According to the Big Five Model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________.
responsible, organized, and dependable
Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality?
self-report surveys
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details
sensing
What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of S versus N stand for?
sensing/intuitive
The majority of employees today in developed countries work in _____.
service jobs
April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite?
sexual harassment
According to management guru Tom Peters, almost all quality improvement comes from _____ of design, manufacturing, layout, processes, and procedures.
simplification
Help Aid, a non-profit organization in Indonesia, works at providing education in underdeveloped countries. They are now looking to hire a teacher who can educate children in Namibia and help get into jobs which can sustain themselves. According to Holland's personality-job fit theory, people belonging to which of the following personality types will best suit Help Aid's requirement?
social
Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth, an environmental organization. Every month, his organization arranges a team outing where they indulge in football and other team building activities. The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the information given in this case, which of the following is most likely to be the reason of Galvan's high-level of satisfaction toward his job?
social context
Group behavior, power, and conflict are central areas of study for _____.
social psychologists
The science that focuses on the influence people have on one another is _____.
social psychology
_____ blends concepts from psychology and sociology
social psychology
Which of the following is a terminal value according to the Rokeach value survey?
social recognition
Significant contributions to OB in the study of group behavior in organizations have been made by _____.
sociologists
The study of group processes in organizational behavior has largely been derived from what field of study?
sociology
Which field of study has contributed to OB through its research on organizational culture and formal organization theory and structure?
sociology
_____ focuses on the study of people in relation to their social environment.
sociology
Gina Sanchez, an architect in California, is renovating an old school building and turning it into a retail and entertainment space. She must decide how the existing layout can be redesigned and modified to best suit the new uses. Which of the following dimensions of intelligence will most help Gina reimagine the existing building?
spatial visualization
The pie charts above show how 5 different managers spent their time. According to Lucan's research, which manager is most likely to receive more promotions and other rewards associated with career success?
spends the most time networking (over 50%)
Which of the following is not one of the four primary management functions?
staffing
The physical ability that allows a body to continue maximum effort at maintaining prolonged effort over time is known as `
stamina
Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence all constitute aspects of _____ study.
systematic
In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement your intuitive opinions with information derived in what fashion?
systematic inquiry
A manager is valued by her colleagues for her ability to perform effective break-even analysis on upcoming ventures. In this case, her colleagues value her for competencies that fall within which of Katz's essential management skills categories?
technical
Robert Katz identified three essential skills that managers need to have in order to reach their goals. What are these skills?
technical, human, and conceptual
Individuals low in self-monitoring ________.
tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation
According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to desirable end-states.
terminal
Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic strength?
the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time
Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as trunk strength?
the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles
Which of the following best describes spatial visualization?
the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed
Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility?
the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
Organizational commitment is defined as ________.
the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals
Psychology's major contributions to the field of organizational behavior have been primarily at what level of analysis?
the level of the individual
What was the most significant change in the U.S. labor force during the last half of the twentieth century?
the rapid increase of workers that are women
Studies of communication in U.S. managers indicate what about those managers who seek information from colleagues and employees?
they are generally more effective managers
Employees are most likely to perceive their organization as supportive when ________.
they have a voice in decisions
Valerie Sinclair, a climate campaigner at an environmental organization, invariably uses rationale to make decisions for project implementation. She believes that the right decisions can be made only through scrutinization and analysis. Each time she needs to make a decision, she weighs all options before taking action. Which of the following is Sinclair's personality type according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification?
thinking
Why did Sears try to improve the employee-customer interaction through training of its employees?
to generate additional revenue
The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework expands employee response to include voice and loyalty — constructive behaviors that allow individuals to ________.
tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions
Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives and when employees have high human capital.
turnover
What term is used to describe voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization?
turnover
A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity
values
Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?
values
Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability.
verbal comprehension
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted/ intuitive/ thinking/ judging type of people are ________.
visionaries
Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is an example of a(n) ________ response.
voice
Sarah Mayer works as a marketing executive and has been unhappy with her job profile for several months now. Over the months, she has regularly discussed with her manager how her skills lie in administrative tasks instead of in marketing. In addition, she discusses how she can make a smooth transition into the administrative role. Which type of response is Mayer using in this situation?
voice
Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels' response to the problem is referred to as ________.
voice
The ________ response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity.
voice
In 2003, which group made up 46.7 percent of the U.S. labor force?
women
Which of the following OB topics is not central to managing employees' fears about terrorism?
work design
_____ is a measure of how organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity.
workforce diversity