Orgnizational Behavior Exam 4

_________ are planned activities conducted specifically for the benefit of an audience.

Ceremonies

***One problem that communication, learning, and employee involvement have in minimizing resistance to change is that they

are time-consuming

Which of the following are the observable indicators of organizational culture?

artifacts

****Cross-cultural differences suggest that organizations adopt a(n) __________ to effectively manage change.

contingency perspective

***Ceremonies are

more formal artifacts than rituals.

The __________ refers to the individual's beliefs about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement between him- or herself and an employer.

psychological contract

*To reduce reality shock, organizations can use __________, which describe positive and negative aspects of a job.

realistic job previews

**Change agents should introduce new rewards and utilize information systems in order to

refreeze the desired conditions

**The perception of procedural justice in the change process can be improved by

engaging in constructive conversations.

*Corporate leaders hope __________ will eventually become the organization's culture and guide the organization's decisions and actions.

espoused values

**If two companies merge and combine the best of both cultures, they are using a(n) _____________ strategy.

integration

**Which strategy for merging two distinct cultures is most effective when the two companies have relatively weak culture?

integration

****One important driver for an organizational change is __________, meaning that leaders continually urge employees to strive for higher standers or better practices.

divine discontent

*Which of the following is true about strong cultures?

They have a stable workforce.

**Which of the following statements is consistent with the concept of the contingency anchor?

A particular action may have different consequences in different situations.

*What is the significance of artifacts in organizational culture?

Artifacts represent the directly observable symbols and signs of an organization's culture.

___________ occurs when employees at the acquired company willingly embrace the cultural values of the acquiring organization.

Assimilation

*Why is workforce stability important for a strong organizational culture?

Because it takes time for employees to fully understand the organization's culture.

*Which of the following is a characteristic of an adaptive corporate culture?

Employees continuously question past practices.

**Why is the strategy of assimilation rare?

Employees resist change when they are asked to adopt significantly different personal and corporate values.

*What is the first steps in a bicultural audit?

Identify cultural differences between the merging companies

**Who developed the force field analysis model?

Kurt Lewin

Which of the following statements is consistent with the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) theory?

Organizations have a natural tendency to attract, select, and retain people with values that are consistent with the organization's won culture.

___________ are unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal protypes of behavior that are considered the correct way to thing and act toward problems and opportunities.

Shared assumptions

*__________ are employees who help newcomers make sense of and adapt to the organization.

Socialization agents

*Which of the these statements about organizational stories is true?

Stories are most effective at communicating corporate culture when they describe real events with real people

****Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what can he do to improve the situation. ________ refers to goal-directed behaviors under the individual's control that support organizational objectives.

Task performance

According to ASA theory, what is an important consideration in selection?

That the applicant's values are aligned with the company's values.

All of the following could result in reality shock except: -the employer did not deliver on promises made prior to employment. -the new hire has unrealistic expectations. -work expectations are distorted during information changes. -the company only provided the applicant with positive information. -the company provided a realistic job preview.

The company provided a realistic job preview.

Which of the following conditions would improve organizational effectiveness?

The culture is aligned with the external environment.

*Which of the following is a reason that the study of OB is important for students?

The topics OB studies relate to skills that are highly valued by employers.

***In the dreaming stage of appreciative inquire, participants

envision what might be.

**Because of _________, employees tend to assume the worst when they are unsure whether the change will have good or bad outcomes.

fear of the unknown

The status quo bias is a form of which type of resistance to change?

fear of the unknown

An organization's culture begins with its

founders and leaders

***Which of the following is most closely associated with corporate social responsibility?

triple bottom line

Language is

verbal symbols of shared and assumptions.

*__________ refers to an organization's moral obligation toward all of its stakeholders.

Corporate social responsibility

****Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what can he do to improve the situation. Examples of _________ include harassing coworkers, creating unnecessary conflicts, and sabotaging work.

Counterproductive work behaviors

***When an organization is successful in its markets and is performing well, which of the following is an effective way to create an urgency for change?

Create a future vision of a better organization.

**Which of the following is a downside to an integration strategy?

It is slow and potentially risky.

One function of a strong culture is that

It serves as a social control mechanism.

*Which of the following is true about using the strategy of integration for merging different corporate cultures?

It creates a new composite that preserves the best features of the previous cultures.

*Which of these statements is true about the field of organizational behavior (OB)?

It examines how individuals and teams in organizations relate to one another and to their counterparts in other organizations.

***How is an open systems perspective important to the field of organizational behavior?

It identifies organizational characteristics that "fit" some external environments better than others.

*Which of the following best describes work-life integration?

It is important to satisfy the demands and experience the positive emotions of our various segments of life.

****Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?

OB is the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations.

****Which of the following describes the systematic research anchor?

OB should study organizations by forming questions, collecting data, and testing hypotheses against those data.

_________ refers to how well employees take the initiative to anticipate and introduce new work patterns that benefit the organization.

Proactive task performance

*__________ is a form of conflict, but change agents sometimes interpret that disagreement as relationship conflict.

Resistance

*Which of the following organizational culture dimensions is characterized by competitiveness and a low emphasis on social responsibility?

aggressiveness

Refreezing refers to

aligning the organization's systems with the desired behaviors to support and reinforce the new role patterns.

_________ are conscious perceptions about what is good or bad, right or wrong.

Values

****According to Lewin, when is the organization stable?

When the driving and restraining forces for change are roughly in equilibrium.

*Whenever a team in Ads Today, an advertising firm, wins a new contract, the successful team rings a loud bell and breaks out a bottle of champagne, (and puts a video of this on their website). In organizational culture, this practice would be considered

a ceremony

**A strong culture can be effective if it serves as ___________ by coconsciously directing employees so their behavior is consistent with organizational expectations.

a control system

The actions of an organization's founder impacts the culture because

a founder establishes the firm's core values.

*At meetings of a major consumer products firm, employees habitually stand up when the most senior executive at the meeting enters the room. This practice represents

a ritual the probably symbolizes the organization's underlying values.

****By creating ________, employee involvement reduces the fear of the unknown and the not-invented-here syndrome.

a sense of ownership

How does an inclusive organization view diversity?

a valued resource

****Aptitudes and learned capabilities are part of a person's overall

ability

In a(n) _________, employees see things through an open system perspective.

adaptive cutlure

*Which of the following types of workplace design would be indicative of a collaborative and creative culture?

an organic layout

**When the acquired firm has a weak culture, and the acquiring firm has a strong and successful culture, it is best to use the ________ merger strategy.

assimilation

**Organizational leaders can minimize cultural collisions in corporate mergers and fulfill their duty of due diligence by conducting a(n)

bicultural audit.

**A cross-cultural perspective of organizational change would recognize that

change is seen as cyclical in many cultures.

****A low level employee involvement be necessary when the

change must occur quickly in the organization.

*Pilot projects require ________ in order for employees to understand how the practices in a pilot project apply to them even though they are in a completely different functional area.

clear role perceptions

***According to the action research model, the ___________ before diagnosing the need for change.

client-consultant relationship needs to be formed

****Which of the following strategies to reduce the restraining forces should be used only if all other strategies fall?

coercion

***For any organizational change, ____________ should be the highest priority and the first strategy utilized.

communication

*One of the first steps to minimize a cultural clash in a merger is to

conduct a bicultural audit

*The preemployment stage of organizational socialization would be more effective if

employers and job applicants gave and received accurate information about each other.

**Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what can he do to improve the situation. Lawrence stole a clock from his workplace. Which of the following refers to Lawrence's activity?

counterproductive behavior

*Organization stories are most effective at communicating organization culture when they

describe real people and are assumed to be true.

***The main objective of force field analysis is to help change agents to

diagnose a situation better by understanding the driving and restraining forces for change.

***Which of the following refers to the fact that motivation is goal-directed, not random?

direction

**A deculturation strategy of merging two corporate cultures should be applied when

employees in the acquired firm want to hold on to their firm's culture even though it is dysfunctional

***The action research model is built on the idea of collecting information from organizational members, which raises the ethical issue of

individual rights to privacy.

******In the field of organizational behavior, organizations are described as

groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose.

Which of the following may be the most important factor in the success of public-sector organizational change program?

having a guiding coalition

***What does OB view as the most important ingredient in the organization's process of transforming inputs to outputs?

human capital

The main purpose of a bicultural audit is to

identify and diagnose differences in the corporate cultures of merging organizations.

******Organizational behavior emerged as a distinct field

in the early 1940s

**Appreciative inquiry is often a(n) __________, which adopts a whole systems perspective.

large group intervention

***BusCorp wants to introduce a new procedure for processing customer requests. This will require employees to break their old routines and adopt new role patterns. BusCorp should use the _________ strategy to produce change self-efficacy.

learning

**Organizational socialization is best described as a process of __________, where newcomers try to make sense of and adapt to the company's environment.

learning and adjustment

**The process of organizational socialization begins

long before the first day of work for the organization.

**Presenteeism is more common among employees with

low job security

**One advantage of countercultures is that they

maintain surveillance over and critically review the company's dominate culture.

Which of the following work settings represents a more collaborative culture?

more team space

****Dave Docket, the installation manager at Kleen Waterproofing, has been receiving customer complaints that several crewmembers either come late to the job or they do not show up at all, without any communication with the customers. The job completion dates keep getting delayed and customer dissatisfaction keeps increasing. Dave has also just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. Dave is wondering how he can understand what is going on with his crew behavior and what can he do to improve the situation. **Assisting coworkers with their work problems, adjusting work schedules to accommodate coworkers, and showing genuine courtesy towards coworkers are some forms of

organizational citizenship

**The open systems view of organizational behavior states that

organizations affect and are affected by their external environments.

****Which anchor recognizes that OB theories should be useful to organizations?

practical orientation

***The three stages of organizational socialization, in order, are

pre-employment, encounter, and role management

**Unfreezing refers to:

producing disequilibrium between the driving and restraining forces of change.

*Due to ______, many employees wish for "greater clarity about what the organization needs from me."

role ambiguity

To truly understand an organization's culture one should

sample information from a variety of artifacts.

*Which strategy for merging two distinct cultures is most appropriate when the two merging companies are in unrelated industries or operate in different countries?

separation

Many experts believe that _________, which are nonconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal prototypes of behavior, are the essences of organizational culture.

shared assumptions

Resistance to change

should be viewed as task conflict.

**A viral change process relies on _________ to improve the change process.

social networks

***The topic of corporate social responsibility is most closely associated with the ___________ perspective.

stakeholder

***Which of the following elements of culture can be a spawning ground for emerging values that keep the firm aligned with the changing environment?

subcultures

**A productive approach to change is to view it as

task conflict

**An employee's readiness for change depends on which model of individual behavior?

the MARS model

*****One important recent trend in employment relationships has been

the growth of indirect employment