Orgo Lab 2 Final Exam

Read the Safety Data Sheet (click SDS icon below) of hydrogen peroxide to identify the recommended way to store this substance.

In a tightly closed container in a dry and well-ventilated place

What should you do every time before you leave the lab? Select one or more:

- Remove your gloves. - Wash your hands. - Remove your labcoat, if you are wearing one

When should you start a new chemical waste container in the lab? Select one:

When the contents of the current container are a couple inches below the brim of the container

What statements about the possible hazards of sodium borohydride are correct? Select one or more:

- Sodium borohydride is flammable. - Sodium borohydride is corrosive. - Sodium borohydride can have a violent reaction with acids.

What characteristics should a good sample for melting point determination have? Select one or more:

- Solid phase - Thoroughly dry - Small particles

What is the yield, in grams, of aspirin (C9H8O4), which has a molar mass of 180.15 g/mol, possible when reacting 2.05 g of salicylic acid with 1.15 mL of acetic anhydride?

- Start by identifying the limiting reactant. Find moles of limiting reagent. Multiply the mass of the LR by its density & the MW of aspirin then divide that by the MW of the LR.

Which steps are necessary for cleaning a spill involving broken glass? Select one or more:

- Stop the spread of the spill. - Soak up any spilled liquid with absorbent material. - Pick up large pieces of glass with gloved hands.

What is the last step of any spill cleanup procedure? Select one:

Wipe down the affected area with detergent and water.

Determine whether each description applies to electrophilic aromatic substitution or nucleophilic aromatic substitution.

* Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - Electron donating groups on the aromatic group increase reactivity. - The aromatic ring is the nucleophile and the added group is the electrophile. - The position of the added group is mostly determined by electronics. * Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution - The position of the added group is mostly determined by the location of a leaving group. - Electron withdrawing groups on the aromatic group increase reactivity - The aromatic ring is the electrophile and the added group is the nucleophile.

There are two common ion versions of hydrogen, the proton (H+) and and the hydride ion (H-). Determine whether each statement describes a proton or a hydride ion.

* PROTON - Can act as an electrophile - Can act as an oxidizing agent - Is often the ending point of an arrow in a mechanism * HYDRIDE - Can act as a reducing agent - Is often the starting point of an arrow in a mechanism - Can act as a nucleophile

Determine whether each melting point observation corresponds to a pure sample of a single compound or to an impure sample with multiple compounds.

* Pure sample of a single compound - Narrow melting point range - Experimental melting point is close to literature value * Impure sample of multiple compounds - Wide melting point range - Experimental melting point is below literature value

Suppose you perform a Cannizzaro reaction with 1.094 g of benzaldehyde, which has a molar mass of 106.124 g/mol, with an excess of base. What is the theoretical yield (in g) of benzoic acid, which has a molar mass of 122.123 g/mol, from the reaction?

- 0.63g Start by finding the moles of benzaldehyde in the reaction using its mass and molar mass. Then, use the molar ratio from the reaction to find the moles of benzoic acid that should form. As a disproportionation reaction, two moles of the reactant aldehyde for each mole of the acid formed. Finally, multiply by the molar mass of benzoic acid. mole of benzaldehyde TIMES 1/2 TIMES molar mass of benzoic acid

Determine the expected number of signals in the carbon NMR spectrum for each given molecule.

- 1,2,3-trichloropropane --> 2 - 2,2-dichlorobutane --> 4 - 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene --> 2 - Benzene --> 1 - 1,1-dichloroethane --> 2

Identify the chromatography term that corresponds to each definition.

- A method used to separate components of a mixture -> chromatography - A value that quantifies the distance traveled by a substance relative to the distance traveled by the solvent --> Rf - The substance that carries the components of a mixture --> mobile phase - The substance to which the sample is bound at the start of an experiment --> stationary phase

A Grignard reagent is prepared when _________________ reacts with ________________ in the solvent _______________.

- An organohalide - Magnesium - Ether

Identify the types of information that are necessary to communicate with emergency responders. Select one or more:

- Any other hazards present in the lab - How the incident happened - Any chemicals involved in an incident

Suppose you are going to perform a TLC experiment, which materials will you use to prepare the TLC development chamber? Select one or more:

- Beaker - Filter paper - Watch glass

Complete each statement on safety precautions when using round bottom flasks. Before using the flask, _______________________________________________. Use a ________ for stability when suspending the flask on a ring stand. Never heat a flask that is __________.

- Before using the flask, inspect it for "CRACKS OR IMPERFECTIONS" - Use a "CLAMP" for stability when suspending the flask on a ring stand. - Never heat a flask that is "CLOSED." Inspect round bottom flasks for cracks or other imperfections prior to use to minimize the risk of shattered glass. Use a clamp along with a ring stand for stability when suspending a round bottom flask. Never heat a closed container, as this could cause a dangerous increase in pressure.

All lab participants must remain prepared to use safety equipment in case of emergency. Identify the components of effective preparation. Select one or more:

- Being familiar with how safety equipment is used - Knowing what safety equipment is available - Understanding where the safety equipment is located

Determine the expected number of signals in the proton NMR spectrum for each given molecule.

- Benzene --> 1 - 1,2,3-trichloropropane --> 2 - 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene --> 2 - 2,2-dichlorobutane --> 3 - 1,1-dichloroethane --> 2

Identify items that can be used to control the boiling when heating liquid in a round bottom flask. Select one or more:

- Boiling chips or stones - A stir bar and stir plate

What are the best practices for safely handling waste in the lab? Select one or more:

- Check labels or instructions before any disposal. - Always wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment.

Identify the best practices when storing and using drying agents in the lab. Select one or more:

- Close the drying agent container whenever it is not in active use. - Wrap the lid of the drying agent container with tape for storage.

What is the recommended order of measurements to report the most accurate melting point possible?

- FIRST STEP: Use quick heating to estimate the melting point. - SECOND STEP: Use slow heating to carefully observe melting. - THIRD STEP: Use slow heating to confirm the careful measurement.

How many reducing equivalents are present in each unit of sodium borohydride, NaBH4? Select one:

- FOUR How man ever H's there are

Read each statement regarding food and beverages in the lab and determine if each is true or false.

- Food items should not be brought into the lab. --> True - Beverages are allowed in lab as long as they are in containers with lids. --> False - Chewing gum is okay in the lab as long as you don't blow bubbles -- > False - Tobacco products of all kinds are prohibited in lab. -> True

Xylene is an ideal solvent for Diels-Alder reactions, like that of maleic anhydride and anthracene. What properties of xylene are beneficial to the Diels-Alder reaction? Select one or more:

- High boiling point - Low freezing point - Better solvent for reactants than product

What information is needed in order to be prepared for an emergency? Select one or more:

- Location of all exits - Contact information for emergency personnel - Location of lab phone and first aid kit - Understanding of where to go should an emergency occur

Identify characteristics that describe a Grignard reagent. Select one or more:

- Nucleophile - Basic

Identify the medical applications of aspirin. Select one or more:

- Pain killer - Fever reducer - Anti-inflammatory agent - Anti-coagulant

In general, what are the possible products of an acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene? Select one or more:

- Primary alcohol - Secondary alcohol - Tertiary alcohol

Identify the NMR term that corresponds to each description.

- The area of a signal that corresponds to the number of nuclei at that frequency --> Integration - The end of the NMR spectrum far from the reference signal --> Downfield - The appearance of multiple peaks for a single nucleus due to neighboring nuclei --> Splitting - The end of the NMR spectrum close to the reference signal --> Upfield - The frequency at which a nucleus absorbs and resonates with a magnetic field --> Chemical shift

Identify the effect of each error during a thin layer chromatography experiment.

- The mobile phase used does not move any of the spots at all. --> There can be no separation of components. - Pen rather than pencil is used to draw the lines on the plate. --> There will be smears on the TLC plate. - The solvent line is not marked after the TLC plate is removed from the chamber. --> Accurate Rf values cannot be determined. - The TLC plate remains in the chamber even after the solvent has reached the top of the plate. --> Accurate Rf values cannot be determined.

Some reactions can be performed without a solvent. What are the benefits of not needing a solvent in a reaction? Select one or more:

- The reaction often costs less because solvents can be expensive. - Less chemical waste is generated because there are not solvents to remove.

Match each lab incident to the item of PPE that will protect you from it. Each item of PPE will only be used once.

- While transferring a solution from a flask to a beaker, the solution accidentally spills down the front of the lab bench. --> lab coat - While picking up a buret, an unknown solution left by a previous solution drips onto your hand. --> Gloves - While pulling an empty beaker off the shelf at the beginning of lab, it slips out of your hand onto the floor. --> Closed-toe shoes - While checking on a stirring solution, the solution splashes up towards your face. --> Goggles

Determine where to dispose of each type of waste.

- broken flask --> Box lined with puncture resistant bag - unused solid reagent --> Solid waste container - titrant solution --> Nalgene bottle with cap - syringe tips --> Sharps container

- If you drop or break glassware in lab, first ____________ Then, ______________________________. Finally, place all that material into the _______________.

- get thick gloves or dustpan . - carefully collect all the broken glassware. - broken glass container.

Changing gloves often will minimize the spread of chemicals. To properly remove gloves, first, ___________________, and then, ____________________. Then insert ______________ between the interior edge of the second glove and the skin, and remove the second glove.

- grasp the exterior of one glove with a gloved hand - peel off the first glove - a bare finger

Identify the section in which each type of information can be found on a Safety Data Sheet.

- recommendations in case of accidental contact with the chemical --> First Aid Measures - possible dangers and health effects --> Hazards Identification - chemical name and formula --> Identification - incompatibility or reactivity with other chemicals --> Handling and Storage - recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) --> Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Identify the techniques used in the work-up and characterization of benzoic acid. 1) The analytical method used to confirm the structure and functional groups of the product --> 2) The technique used to separate the pure product from any excess reagent, impurities, and byproducts --> 3) The quick, numeric analysis used to characterize the product and assess the purity -->

1) IR spectroscopy 2) Recrystallization 3) Melting point

Fill in the words to complete each step in liquid spill cleanup.

1. Surround the area with "absorbent material," then cover the spill. 2. Scoop up the material and place in a "plastic bag." 3. Place the bagged waste in a "solid waste container." 4. Wipe down the area with "detergent and water."

Identify the description that applies to the substance represented by each NFPA diamond.

302 - moderately unstable or reactive 230 - stable, has health risks but no special hazards 300OX - oxidizer, not flammable 240COR - has a flash point below room temperature

What information does not need to be included a chemical waste label? Select one:

A description of the experiment the chemicals were used for

Consider the structure of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene. A nucleophile added to this reaction will most likely start by attacking carbon ____ because that carbon has a _____________________ and is __________ to the nitro group.

A nucleophile added to this reaction will most likely start by attacking carbon "4" because that carbon has a "LEAVING GROUP" and is "PARA" to the nitro group.

According to Markovnikov's rule of the electrophilic addition to an alkene, the electrophile, usually a proton, is more likely to add to the _____________________ in a double bond. This arrangement places the intermediate carbocation on the _______________________________, which stabilizes it with the presence of __________________. In the major product of a reaction following Markovnikov's rule, the ______________________ will end up on the more-substituted carbon in a double bond..

According to Markovnikov's rule of the electrophilic addition to an alkene, the electrophile, usually a proton, is more likely to add to the "LESS SUBSTITUTED CARBON" in a double bond. This arrangement places the intermediate carbocation on the "MORE SUBSTITUTED CARBON", which stabilizes it with the presence of "MORE SUBSTITUENTS." In the major product of a reaction following Markovnikov's rule, the "NUCLEOPHILE" will end up on the more-substituted carbon in a double bond.

Consider the reaction of benzaldehyde and hydroxide. After completing the reaction, both water and _____ need to be added. Then, the reaction mixture is filtered, isolating ____________________ on the filter because ___________________ is more soluble in water.

After completing the reaction, both water and ACID need to be added. Then, the reaction mixture is filtered, isolating BENZOIC ACID on the filter because BENZYL ALCOHOL is more soluble in water.

Which reactant will be the best reactant for a nucleophilic aromatic substitution? Select one:

An aromatic ring is more reactive toward nucleophilic substitution when there are more electron withdrawing groups present. Therefore, the reactant with TWO nitro (NO2) substituents is the most reactive. There is also a fluorine that can act as a leaving group.

Consider the Diels-Alder reaction of anthracene and maleic anhydride. What is the role of each of the reactants?

Anthracene (three rings) - Diene Maleic anhydride (one ring & three O's) - Dienophile

When performing a melting point determination, how should you report your findings? Select one:

As a range from the temperature when melting starts to the temperature when it ends

Consider the structure of 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone and its proton NMR spectrum, which used TMS as a reference. As expected, the proton NMR shows that there are ____ different proton environments. The downfield septet signal indicates that one type of hydrogen has ______ equivalent neighboring hydrogens. The downfield signal corresponds to ____ hydrogens. The upfield signal corresponds to hydrogens that each have one neighbor, so it appears as a __________. The upfield signal corresponds to ____ hydrogens.

As expected, the proton NMR shows that there are TWO different proton environments. The downfield septet signal indicates that one type of hydrogen has SIX equivalent neighboring hydrogens. The downfield signal corresponds to TWO hydrogens. The upfield signal corresponds to hydrogens that each have one neighbor, so it appears as a DOUBLET. The upfield signal corresponds to TWELVE hydrogens.

Aspirin is usually packaged with ____________ to reduce its _____________ and the related ______________________.

Aspirin is usually packaged with BUFFERING AGENTS to reduce its ACIDITY and the related STOMACH IRRITATION.

Determine when to put on disposable gloves for work in the lab. Select one:

Before handling any glassware or chemicals for the experiment

When should lab participants look at the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of a substance? Select one:

Before using the substance

Carbon NMR spectroscopy produces a spectrum of ______________________________________ in a sample. The number of carbon signals in the spectrum corresponds to the number of _________________________________________ in the molecule. In most carbon NMR spectra, the carbon signals appear as __________________.

Carbon NMR spectroscopy produces a spectrum of only CARBON-13 NUCLEI in a sample. The number of carbon signals in the spectrum corresponds to the number of UNIQUE CARBON ENVIRONMENTS in the molecule. In most carbon NMR spectra, the carbon signals appear as SINGLET PEAKS.

Which key feature is formed in a Grignard reaction? Select one:

Carbon-carbon bond

Aspirin was formed to reduce the irritation of salicylic acid. However, aspirin can still disturb the stomach. Which functional group in aspirin is responsible for stomach irritation? Select one:

Carboxylic acid

A student removes a chemical sample from a reagent bottle to be used in an experiment. What should he do with any excess chemical remaining from this sample after the experiment is complete? Select one:

Check and see if anyone else can use the chemical. If not, discard in the proper waste container

Suppose you notice a solid impurity in a small liquid sample with a volume less than 10 mL. What technique can you use to remove the solid impurity? Select one:

Filter the sample through a Pasteur pipet with glass wool in it

Identify the step that is not recommended when responding to an emergency. Select one:

Gather your belongings

In the reaction of benzaldehyde and potassium hydroxide, what is the source of energy for the reaction? Select one:

Grinding the reactants together provides mechanical energy.

In an NMR experiment, shielding refers to the reduced impact of the ________________________________ on a nucleus due to the presence of electrons around the nucleus. Shielding can be ____________________ by the presence of more electronegative groups around the nucleus. A shielded nucleus appears further ___________ whereas a deshielded nucleus appears further ____________ in an NMR spectrum.

In an NMR experiment, shielding refers to the reduced impact of the APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELD on a nucleus due to the presence of electrons around the nucleus. Shielding can be DECREASED by the presence of more electronegative groups around the nucleus. A shielded nucleus appears further UPFIELD whereas a deshielded nucleus appears further DOWNFIELD in an NMR spectrum.

In nucleophilic aromatic substitution, the _______________ aromatic ring is attacked by an added _______________. The resulting intermediate has a _____________ charge and the replaced substituent usually leaves as _________________.

In nucleophilic aromatic substitution, the "ELECTROPHILIC" aromatic ring is attacked by an added "NUCLEOPHILE." The resulting intermediate has a "NEGATIVE" charge and the replaced substituent usually leaves as "AN ANION."

In order to heat a round bottom flask in a heating mantle, plug the heating mantle into ___________________________. Turn the heat up _______________, and do not exceed ____________________ of the maximum output of the device.

In order to heat a round bottom flask in a heating mantle, plug the heating mantle into "A VARIAC OR POWERMITE." Turn the heat up "GRADUALLY" , and do not exceed "50-60%" of the maximum output of the device. Heating mantles are designed for thorough and even heating of round bottom flasks. These devices can reach very high temperatures, however, and should be used with caution. Be sure to use a heating mantle along with a Variac or Powermite, increasing the power only when necessary and not exceeding 50-60% of the maximum outpu

In the Cannizzaro reaction, added hydroxide is a ________________ because it is _________________________.

In the Cannizzaro reaction, added hydroxide is a REAGENT because it is INCORPORATED INTO THE PRODUCT.

In the first step of a Cannizzaro reaction, such as benzaldehyde with base, the hydroxide attacks the ____________ OF the carbonyl group because that position ______________.

In the first step of a Cannizzaro reaction, such as benzaldehyde with base, the hydroxide attacks the CARBON OF the carbonyl group because that position IS PARTIALLY POSITIVE.

Consider the Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde. In the reaction, ___________________ is reduced to form _______________________ and _________________ is oxidized to form ___________________.

In the reaction, BENZALDEHYDE is reduced to form BENZYL ALCOHOL and BENZALDEHYDE is oxidized to form BENZOATE.

Iron(III) chloride can be used to assess the purity of aspirin synthesized from salicylic acid. Iron(III) chloride _____________ react with aspirin because the reaction requires a_______________________ which is present in _________________________________________________.

Iron(III) chloride can be used to assess the purity of aspirin synthesized from salicylic acid. Iron(III) chloride DOES NOT react with aspirin because the reaction requires a PHENOLIC FUNCTIONAL GROUP which is present in SALICYLIC ACID BUT NOT ASPIRIN.

How will you determine the amount of carbon dioxide that reacts in the Grignard reaction? Select one:

It is not necessary to determine the exact mass since it is in excess.

Why does the reaction of anthracene with maleic anhydride needs to be kept away from water? Select one:

Maleic anhydride can react with water, opening its ring.

Why should Bunsen burners not be used when heating organic materials? Select one:

Many organic materials are flammable and could cause a fire

Which substance would not work as a Grignard reagent? Select one:

Methylcalcium bromide (Must have Magnesium in the name)

Percent yield is equal to the actual yield divided by theoretical yield, converted to a percent.

Percent yield is equal to the actual yield divided by theoretical yield, converted to a percent.

Consider the charge distribution of a Grignard reagent. There is a partial ______________ charge on Mg−X, where X is a halogen, and a partial _____________________ charge on the adjacent carbon.

Positive; Negative

In the experimental procedure, which step is made easier through the application of ultrasonic waves? Select one:

Preparation of the Grignard reagent

What is meant by the term bumping? Select one:

Sudden and uncontrolled boiling of liquid

The Diels-Alder mechanism between a diene and a dienophile is ___________ , which means that bond breaking happens ________________________ bond forming. To help the mechanism succeed, the diene should have an __________________________ group and the dienophile should have an ___________________ group.

The Diels-Alder mechanism between a diene and a dienophile is "CONCERTED", which means that bond breaking happens "AT THE SAME TIME AS" bond forming. To help the mechanism succeed, the diene should have an "ELECTRON RELEASING" group and the dienophile should have an "ELECTRON WITHDRAWING" group.

Using the letters on the image, identify the significance of each section on the NFPA diamond.

The blue section provides health hazard information, the red section provides information about its fire hazard, the yellow section provides information about its reactivity hazard, and the white section includes codes to indicate any special hazards, such as being an acid. A rating of 0 is stable whereas a rating of 4 is the most hazardous in each area.

Consider the structure of toluene.

The carbon NMR of toluene should have FIVE peaks. The methyl peak will appear FURTHER UPFIELD THAN the carbons of the ring.

What is the visual indicator that enough of a drying agent, such as anhydrous MgSO4 or CaCl2, has been added to properly dry an organic solution? Select one:

The drying agent will move freely like a powder around the solution

Consider the structure of benzil and its reduction. The functional group reduced in benzil is _______________. An appropriate reducing agent for this reaction is ____________.

The functional group reduced in benzil is a KETONE. An appropriate reducing agent for this reaction is SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE.

Under what conditions should a student inform the instructor of a lab injury?

The instructor must be informed of all laboratory injuries.

In carbon NMR, why is splitting of a carbon signal by a neighboring carbon rarely seen? Select one:

There is not a large enough amount of NMR-active carbon nuclei to observe splitting

Consider the structures of benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. These two structures can be distinguished by proton NMR. The hydrogen of the aldehyde group will appear ___________________________________ and there is ____________________________ for the alcohol. Also, the methylene hydrogens in the benzyl position of the alcohol will be the only significant _______________________________________________ peak between the two structures.

These two structures can be distinguished by proton NMR. The hydrogen of the aldehyde group will appear DOWNFIELD BETWEEN 9 AND 11 PPM and there is NO EQUIVALENT PEAK for the alcohol. Also, the methylene hydrogens in the benzyl position of the alcohol will be the only significant UPFIELD BETWEEN 0 AND 3 PPM peak between the two structures.

At the beginning of week 2 in the Grignard procedure, why is 6 M HCl added to the beaker containing the reaction product from week 1? Select one:

To convert the benzoate salt into benzoic acid

In the Diels-Alder lab procedure, a wet paper towel is used. What is the purpose of the wet paper towel? Select one:

To encourage condensation during the reflux

To prepare a sample in a capillary tube for a melting point determination, gently tap the tube into the sample with the _______ end of the tube down. Continue tapping until the sample ______________________. Then, with the __________ end of the tube down, tap the sample down slowly or _________________________________ to move the sample down faster. Finally, make sure that you can see ___________________ in the magnifier when placed in the melting point apparatus before turning on the heat..

To prepare a sample in a capillary tube for a melting point determination, gently tap the tube into the sample with the "OPEN" end of the tube down. Continue tapping until the sample "IS A COUPLE MILLIMETERS HIGH." Then, with the "CLOSED" end of the tube down, tap the sample down slowly or "DROP THE TUBE INTO A LONGER TUBE" to move the sample down faster. Finally, make sure that you can see "SOME OR ALL" the solid in the magnifier when placed in the melting point apparatus before turning on the heat.

What is the main precaution to take if a Gas Cylinder sign is present in the lab?

Visually check that the gas cylinder is restrained but keep a safe distance from it.

Determine the safest option in the lab if you need your vision to be corrected.

Wear corrective glasses or lenses under your safety goggles for the whole experiment, but always check with your TA or Instructor for your school's policy

What is the best technique for removing a round bottom flask from an oil bath? Select one:

Wearing heat-resistant gloves, raise the clamp to lift the flask out of the oil bath. Allow the flask to cool for a while, then use a paper towel to wipe any oil from the bottom of the flask

Consider the properties of a good nucleophile. When comparing ethanol, CH3CH2OH, and sodium ethoxide, NaOCH2CH3, ___________________ is the better nucleophile because it _______________________________. When comparing sodium methoxide, NaOCH3, and sodium t-butoxide, NaOC(CH3)3, sodium methoxide ________________________ is the better nucleophile because it is _______________.

When comparing ethanol, CH3CH2OH, and sodium ethoxide, NaOCH2CH3, "SODIUM ETHOXIDE" is the better nucleophile because it "HAS A NEGATIVE CHARGE." When comparing sodium methoxide, NaOCH3, and sodium t-butoxide, NaOC(CH3)3, sodium methoxide "SODIUM METHOXIDE" is the better nucleophile because it is "SMALLER."

Determine when you should remove your goggles in the lab room. Select one:

When everyone in the room is done handling any chemicals or glassware

When maleic anhydride reacts with anthracene, it adds to the ______________________ of anthracene. The product of this addition has _____________________ two separate aromatic rings, which is more stable than the other possibilities, because there are _________ aromatic pi electrons.

When maleic anhydride reacts with anthracene, it adds to the "MIDDLE RING" of anthracene. The product of this addition has "TWO SEPARATE AROMATIC RINGS" two separate aromatic rings, which is more stable than the other possibilities, because there are "MORE" aromatic pi electrons.

Which is NOT a good source of information about the hazards that affect waste disposal in a chemistry lab? Select one:

Your lab partner

Identify the safety equipment designed to deal with each emergency listed.

large fire on the benchtop - fire extinguisher chemicals in eyes - eyewash station cuts or minor burns - first aid kit chemicals on clothes - safety shower fire on a person - fire blanket