Orienteering

Grid zone

84 degrees north and 80 degrees south, each 6 degrees wide

cut

A cut is a man-made feature resulting from cutting through raised ground

sinkhole

A depression produced in a region where soluble rock has been removed by groundwater

Azimuth

A horizontal angle measured clockwise in degree from a north base line.

True North

A line from any position on earths surface to the geographic North Pole

true north

A line from any position on the earth's surface to the geographic north pole, symbolized by a line with a star at the apex

ridge

A long, narrow chain of hills or mountains

Grid

A pattern of intersecting parallel lines used to divide a map into small squares

bench marks

A surveyor's mark made on rocks or other permanent objects to indicate known elevations.

a degree

A unit of latitude or longitude, equal to 1/360 of the globe

Field-expedient

Adapting to a particular situation by using available materials and or resources

steering mark

An easily identifiable feature in landscape not shown on the map, used by an orienteer to follow a bearing

Meridians

An imaginary circle on the earths surface passing through the North and South Pole; a line or parallel of longitude

Grid azimuth

Angle measured between grid north and a straight line plotted between two points

Grid Magnetic Angle

Angular difference in direction between grid north and magnetic north.

cross country orienteering

As you approach the finish line for the orienteering competition, you are confident that your team has won because of your team's athleticism, because you selected good routes to the size control points, and because you don't see any other teams at the finish line Which type of orienteering course are you on?

Valley

Contour lines are V shaped and pointed at a hilltop.

Convex slope

Contours Closer together at the bottom and wider apart at the top

Magnetic Azimuth

Direction expressed as an angular difference between magnetic north and the line of direction

attack point

Easy to find landscape feature shown on a map from which the final approach can be made

True or False When converting from a declination diagram, you should always measure the angle to the azimuth in a counter-clockwise direction.

False

True or false A higher azimuth indicates a longer distance

False

approx 1,400 meters

For a route on an orienteering course, you measured the straight-line distance to be 1,350 meters. The terrain on the course has a lot of elevation changes, but they are primarily gentle slopes. How far should you tell your orienteering partner you'll be traveling on that route?

Relay Orienteering

For the spring orienteering competition, your team lost because one of your teammates plotted the wrong point from the master map at the third control point. On what type of course is the competition being conducted?

Concave slope

Gentle at the bottom steep at the top

Grid system

Gives you a way to locate a point w/i 100 meters

Universal transverse mercator grid system

Grid system designed to cover the part of the world between 84 degrees north and 80 degrees south, imposed on the transverse Mercator projection

Grid convergence

Horizontal angle at a point between true north and grid north

back azimuth

Opposite direction of an azimuth obtained by adding or subtracting 180 degrees from an azimuth

Aiming off

Orienteering method in which the navigator aims to one side of a destination point instead of directly at it

representative fraction

Relationship of distance measured on a map to a corresponding distance on the ground

Grid Coordinate

Set of letters and numbers specifying the location of a point to the desired location within a 100,000 m^2

Grid North

The direction of north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on a map

grid north

The direction of north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on a map

magnetic north

The direction to north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-seeking needle of a magnetic instrument.

magnetic north

The direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-seeking needle of a magnetic instrument

Ridgeline

The high ground which runs at about the same height for a certain distance

Grid square

The intersecting north-south and east-west grid lines at 90 degree angles to form a square

Polar Coordinates

The location of a point as given by an angle and a distance.

resection

The method of locating one's position on a map by determining the grid azimuth to at least two well-defined locations that can be pinpointed on the map

mean sea level

The position of the level of the surface of the sea midway between high and low

Gives the natural and man made features of the terrain or area

Topographic map

false

True or False. Determining distance on a map inst very important when plotting a distant location and determining how to get there.

Legend

Where the symbols are located on a map.

You are in charge of the final orienteering practice for the senior cadets before their competition. The course is your favorite because it has a rod that circles the entire course. You and your assistants brought all the equipment except for one thing-the compasses. When asked whether or not you can continue, which of the following would be your best choice?

Yes, the cadets can use the geographic orientation technique, and we'll put more guides on the course.

337 degree

You have to convert a grid azimuth on a map to the magnetic azimuth you will use with your compass on a land navigation course. The grid azimuth is 353 degree and the Grid-magnetic angle is 16 degree west. What is the correct magnetic azimuth?

61 degree

You have to convert a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth that you can plot on your map. The magnetic azimuth is 77 degree and the declination, or grid magnetic angle is 16 degree west. What grid azimuth should you plot on your map?

2.3 kilometers

You make two tic marks to measure the distance between two points on a map. On the meter/kilometer bar scale the distance covers two sections on the primary scale and three units on the extension scale. how far apart are the two points?

275 degrees

You measured an azimuth of 95 degrees. What is the back azimuth?

106 degree

You see a water tower at a magnetic azimuth of 83 degree from your position., You need to plot the direction on your map, so you look to the declination diagram which indicates that the Grid magnetic angle is 23 degree east. What angle should you plot on your map?

28 degree

Your next point on the land navigation course is marked on your map at 12 degree. Since the declination , or grid magnetic angle is 16 degree ease, what azimuth should you set on your compass?

400 meters

Your pace count for 100 meters is 70. You have put four pebbles in your pocket to help you keep track of how far you have traveled. About how far have you gone? (you have 3 pebbles)

75

Your usual pace count on flat terrain is 70, but on a pace count route built to reflect the hilly terrain for a compass course, your pace count is 75. What most likely would your pace count be on inclines on the compass course?

orienteering

a competitive form of land navigation in which each participant uses a map and compass to navigate between check points.

fill

a man-made feature resulting from filling a low area, usually to form a level bed for a road or railroad track.

grid

a pattern of intersecting parallel lines used to divide a map into small squares.

Grid coordinate

a set of letters and numbers specifying the location of a point to the desired position within a 100,000 m^

control points

a trapezoid-shaped marker (usually orange, red, or white) used to mark features on an orienteering course, usually with clipper or control punch attached to mark a control card as proof of arrival

degree

a unit of latitude or longitude, equal to 1/360 of the globe.

declination

an angular difference between true north and either magnetic or grid north.

Arc

anything shaped like a curve, bow, or arch.

nautical mile

approximately 6076 feet and used for air and marine navigation

attack points

as you were plotting your route on the map, you were able to identify hilltops next to each of your control points. You decided that you would move to the hilltops first, then re-orient yourself and move quickly to the control points. Which movement techniques are you applying?

Sweden

beginning in 1919 in what country did orienteering become a competitive sport?

On a compass course, you want to travel from your location to a water tower. You draw a light line on your map and use your protractor to measure the azimuth from the tower to your position. what should you do next?

determine the back azimuth, change the grid azimuth to magnetic and start walking

saddle

dip or low point between two areas of higher ground

while on a camping trip, one of your friends stepped in a gopher hole and broke his ankle. A major highway is north of your location, but you don't have a compass. You put a stick on the ground, mark your location of the tip of the shadow, wait a while, and mark the new location of the tip. which way should you go to get help?

draw a line at a right angle of the east-west line, put east on your right, and move forward.

True or False Grid north and magnetic north are identical

false

True or False It is only enough to be able to estimate your location within 1,000 meters. There is never a reason to be able to pinpoint your location exactly.

false

True or False Orienteering is only for experienced and highly fit people.

false

draw

feature formed by two parallel ridges or spurs with low ground in between them

Declination Diagram

indicates the angular relationships of true north, grid north, and magnetic north.

marginal information

instructions placed around the outer edge of a map

depression

is a low point in the ground or a sinkhole

spur

is a short, continuous sloping line of higher ground, normally jutting out from the side of a ridge

prime meridian

is the meridian in a geographic coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°.

grid lines

lines that are regularly spaced at 1,000 or 10,000 meter intervals and make up the grid on a map.

Adjoining map sheet diagram

look to find the correct map sheet number on a map.

compass direction

magnetic azimuth

Intersection

method of locating an unknown point by determining where the azimuths from at least two (preferably three) known points meet (intersect)

Six digit grid coordinate

needed to get within a 100 meters from a point.

center of mass

point closest to the middle of an object.

concentric

series of closed contour lines.

Hachurue

short, broken line used for showing relief on a map.

declination

the angular difference between true north and magnetic or grid north.

Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)

the geocoordinate standard used by North Atlantic Treaty Organization militaries for locating points on the earth.

control points

the goal of orienteering is to locate...

Superimpose

to lay or place something over something else

statute mile

unit of measurement equal to5,280 feet

statue mile

unit of mesurement approx 5,280 sq. ft.

grid system

using a map with a "grid system" gives you a way to locate a point within 100 meters.