Origin of Life

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

The oxygen revolution changed Earth's environment dramatically. which of the following took advantage of the presence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?

the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from organic molecules

The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated

the kinds of molecules that could have been produced on the early earth

Miller and Urey's experiments proved that

complex organic molecules can form spontaneously under conditions that probably existed on the early earth

All of the following have been proposed as a type of protocell except

endosymbionts

Which of the following possible explanations of the origin of life on earth allows testable hypotheses to be constructed?

evolution

A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish maintain buoyancy. The evolution of the swim bladder from lungs of an ancestral fish is an example of

exaptation

Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life/

formation of protocols that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids

Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of four of the following five factors. Select the exception.

genetic drift

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the first cells?

genome composed of RNA

The endosymbiotic theory explains

how mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living cells

Life on earth is carbon based. Similar molecules could be formed with

silicon

The oldest fossils found so far date back to the

Archean Era

Multicellularity arose only once in earth's history but this line branched out 4 times.

False

Approximately what percentage of today's atmosphere is oxygen?

21%

How long have bacteria lived on the earth?

3.5 billion years

Evidence indicates that microfossils already existed at least:

3.5 billion years ago.

How old is the earth?

4.6 billion years old

How long did the earth exist before life appeared on it?

1 billion years

Microfossils of the earliest organisms indicate that they resemble the present day spirochetes.

False

Which factor most likely caused animals and plants in India to differ greatly from species in nearly southeast Asia?

India is in the process of separating from the rest of Asia

Which of the following gases is least likely to have existed in the early atmosphere of the earth?

Oxygen

Multicellular fossils appear at the beginning of the

Phanerozoic Era

Living organisms are classified into 6 different kingdoms. However, these kingdoms are not static and will change in the future.

True

A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of

a change in a developmental gene or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts.

Which of the following is not found in a lipid coacervate droplet or a proteinoid microsphere?

a nucleus

What molecule produced in experiments performed by others (using Miller-Urey's model) is key to explaining the evolution of the hereditary molecules (DNA and RNA)?

adenine

What did Miller and Urey use as a source of energy in their experiments?

an electrical spark

The early earth was a harsh environment and present day organisms that could possibly have survived that type of environment are

archeabacteria

Microfossils found in rocks that date to be about 1.5 billion years old

are larger organisms compared to earlier microfossils

The earliest cellular life forms appear to have been

bacteria

Which of the following organisms alive today is likely to be most similar to the first life forms that evolved on the earth?

methane-producing bacteria

Which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms?

movement from place to place

Which of the following traits evolved last (i.e., most recently)?

multicellularity

According to the scientific theory of the origin of life on earth, life arose spontaneously from inanimate chemicals. Do scientists think this process is still going on on our planet today?

no, because conditions on earth have changed and are no longer conducive to spontaneous evolution of life

Scientists generally agree that the first molecules formed as life evolved were

none of the above

Within our own solar system, the most likely candidate for having life on it is

our moon

What gas in today's atmosphere shields us from ultraviolet radiation?

ozone

Which of the following was not a source of energy on the early earth?

ozone

Of the following, ____ was not contained in the Miller-Urey original mixture.

phosphorus

The oxygen that is present in our atmosphere comes primarily from the

photosynthesis of plants, algae, and bacteria

Fossilized stromatolites

resemble structures formed by bacterial communities that are found today in some warm, swallow, salty bays

The site of life's origin is

unknown

The Miller-Urey experiments yielded

urea, hydrogen cyanide, and amino acids


Ensembles d'études connexes

Psych 2035 chapter 11 Gender and behaviour

View Set

Hello, Universe Vocabulary List (chapters 1-19)

View Set

¡Hola!, Números del 0 al 10, ¿Cómo estás?

View Set

Causes of Imperialism (Imperialism)

View Set

AF Heritage and Values Midterm Fall 2020

View Set

C11.4 Post-test / Varying Sentence Structure

View Set