Origin of Modern Astronomy- Test

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When Earth is the farthest from the Sun it is said to be in the

Aphelion position

In the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe the stars are attached to the

Celestial sphere

The angular distance north and south of the celestial equator is called

Declination

Light year

Distance light travels in one Earth-year

In the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe

Earth was in the center of the universe

In the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe, the

Earth was in the center of the universe

The apparent path of the Sun upon the celestial sphere is called the

Ecliptic

One of the discoveries which led to the modern view of the solar system was that the orbits of the planets are

Ellipses

In the Ptolemaic system, planets orbited in small circles called ___ while revolving along large circles called

Epicycles, deferents

This scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy.

Galileo

The proposal that contends that Earth is in the center of the universe is called the ______ view.

Geocentric

The planets stay in orbit around the Sun because of a balance between

Gravity and inertia

The proposal that contends that the Sun is in the center of the universe is called the

Heliocentric view

Earth is closest to the Sun in

January

The true shape of the planetary orbits was discovered by

Johannes Kepler

Three laws of planetary motion were discovered by

Johannes Kepler

The law of universal gravitation was formulated by

Newton

The first modern astronomer to propose a Sun-centered universe was

Nicolaus Copernicus

Any variance in the orbit of a planet from its predicted path is referred to as

Perturbation

A very slow motion of Earth's axis that requires 26,000 years to complete is called

Precession

The apparent westward "drift" of the planets compared to the background stars is called

Retrograde motion

The two primary motions of the Earth are

Rotation and revolution

According to the Ptolemaic (Greek) model of the universe, how many "heavenly" bodies could be observed wandering along the background of stars?

Seven

The period of time required for the Moon to complete a revolution is called the _______ month.

Sidereal

This scientist determined the nature of the forces that kept the planets in their orbits.

Sir Isaac Newton

The apparent shift in the position of a nearby star when viewed from extreme points in Earth's orbit six months apart is called

Stellar parallax

The period of time required for the Moon to complete a cycle of phases is called the _______ month.

Synodic

According to the Ptolemaic (Greek) system, the planets have circular orbits.

T

Galileo believed in a Sun-centered view of the universe.

T

Galileo discovered that the Sun has "blemishes," which we call sunspots.

T

Johannes Kepler discovered the three laws of planetary motion.

T

Patterns or configurations of stars named in honor of mythological characters are called constellations.

T

The cycle of phases of the Moon is the basis for our month.

T

The period of the Moon's rotation is equal to its period of revolution.

T

The planets maintain elliptical orbits around the Sun.

T

The same side of the Moon is always visible from Earth.

T

The length of daylight on the Moon is about

Two weeks

This astronomer spent 20 years plotting the position of the planet Mars.

Tycho Brahe


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