OSAT English 107

The Canterbury Tales

A collection of stories written in Middle-English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey. Literary context is a frame tale story within a story.

Simile

A comparison using "like" or "as"

Metaphor

A comparison without using like or as

Personification

A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes

Methods to Obtain Coherence in Writing

Be Consistent Use Personal Pronouns Use Synonyms Parallel Construction (Series)

Today, Pastoral Style is commonly thought to?

Be overly idealized, and outdated today. As seen in Stella Givvons' pastoral satire, Cold Comfort Farm

Cause and Effect

Because Consequently Thus Therefore Then To this end Since So As a result

How was English Drama first presented?

Christians established traditions of presenting pageants or mystery plays, traveling on wagons and carts through the streets to depict biblical events.

Some scholars suggest that this person write several of Shakespeare's works.

Christopher Marlowe

Elizabethan dialogue used what for lower class characters' speech?

Colloquial Prose

What is SSBI ?

Combines training activities in learning strategies and styles with day to day language instruction.

Prefixes

Come before the root of the word Give clues to word meaning

Ancient Greeks defined comedy as?

Comedy needed not be humorous or amusing: it needed only a happy ending

Secondary sources

Commentaries, or interpretations, of primary sources. They're secondary; they take one of these things, and they comment on it or interpret it. Examples would be books and articles of history and literary criticism.

Determine word meanings

Context Prefix Suffix Context Clues Descriptions Opposites

Satire often involves?

Creating situations or ideas deliberately exaggerating reality to be ridiculous to illuminate flawed behaviors.

Fyodor Dostoevsky wrote?

Crime and Punishment (1866) (realistic)

Henry James wrote?

Daisy Miller (1879) a realist novel

Characteristics of novels of manners include?

Descriptions of a society with defined behavioral codes; the use of standardized, impersonal formulas in their language; and inhibition of emotional expression, as contrasted with the strong emotions expressed in romantic or sentimental novels.

Epistolary Poems

Developed in ancient times Poems that are written and read as letters.

The Raven. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. " 'Tis some visiter," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door — Only this, and nothing more." Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; — vainly I had tried to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow — sorrow for the lost Lenore — For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore — Nameless here for evermore. And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me — filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating " 'Tis some visiter entreating entrance at my chamber door — Some late visiter entreating entrance at my chamber door; — This it is, and nothing more." Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, "Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore; But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping, And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, That I scarce was sure I heard you" — here I opened wide the door; — Darkness there, and nothing more. Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before; But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token, And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!" This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, "Lenore!" Merely this, and nothing more. Then into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon I heard again a tapping somewhat louder than before. "Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice; Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore — Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore; — 'Tis the wind, and nothing more." Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter, In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore; Not the least obeisance made he; not an instant stopped or stayed he; But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door — Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door — Perched, and sat, and nothing more. Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling, By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, "Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no craven, Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore — Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!" Quoth the raven, "Nevermore!" Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, Though its answer little meaning — little relevancy bore; For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door — Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door, With such name as "Nevermore." But the raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour. Nothing farther then he uttered — not a feather then he fluttered — Till I scarcely more than muttered, "Other friends have flown before — On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before." Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, "Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store, Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster Followed fast and followed faster — so, when Hope he would adjure, Stern Despair returned, instead of the sweet Hope he dared adjure — That sad answer, "Nevermore!" But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling, Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust, and door; Then upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore — What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore Meant in croaking "Nevermore." This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core; This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamp-light gloated o'er, But whose velvet violet lining with the lamp-light gloating o'er She shall press, ah, nevermore! Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer Swung by angels whose faint foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. "Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee — by these angels he hath sent thee Respite — respite and Nepenthe [[nepenthe]] from thy memories of Lenore! Quaff, oh quaff this kind Nepenthe [[nepenthe]] and forget this lost Lenore!" Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." "Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! — prophet still, if bird or devil! — Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore, Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted — On this home by Horror haunted — tell me truly, I implore — Is there — is there balm in Gilead? — tell me — tell me, I implore!" Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." "Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil! — prophet still, if bird or devil! By that Heaven that bends above us — by that God we both adore — Tell this soul with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn, It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore — Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore." Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." "Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked, upstarting — "Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore! Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! Leave my loneliness unbroken! — quit the bust above my door! Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!" Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming, And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted — nevermore!

Edgar Allen Poe

Romanticism American Authors

Edgar Allen Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne Laurence Sterne Johann Wolfgang

Evaluating media information sources users should ask themselves?

Who is delivering the message, and why. What methods are used to gain readers attention? Which points of view is the media representing? How could the message be interpreted? What information is missing?

Authors purpose

Why the author wrote the story

Introduction to the Songs of Innocence Piping down the valleys wild Piping songs of pleasant glee On a cloud I saw a child. And he laughing said to me. Pipe a song about a Lamb; So I piped with merry chear, Piper pipe that song again— So I piped, he wept to hear. Drop thy pipe thy happy pipe Sing thy songs of happy chear, So I sung the same again While he wept with joy to hear Piper sit thee down and write In a book that all may read— So he vanish'd from my sight. And I pluck'd a hollow reed. And I made a rural pen, And I stain'd the water clear, And I wrote my happy songs Every child may joy to hear

William Blake

Anecdotal Records

Written notes that teachers maintain based on their observations of individual children. Teachers use a variety of methods to organize these types of records, such as file folders, mailing labels, index cards, and Post-it notes.

Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804 - 1864

Wrote about the dark side The Scarlet Letter Grew up in Puritanism Idealistic Romanticism Writer

English Mystery Plays existence included?

York Cycle Coventry Cycle Chester Mystery Plays N-Town Plays Towneley Wakefield Plays

Romanticism Poetry Key Features

Emotional and imaginative spontaneity Self expression and individual feeling Religious response to nature Wonder Childhood Imagination Outcasts

In DH Lawrence and Aldous Huxley's works readers must know what to appreciate their respective novels?

Enemies

Who was the 20th Century author of sentimental novels?

Erich Segal's (Love Story)

Summative Assessment

Evaluate what the student can demonstrate (Final Exam)

Lawrence Sterne's Novel Tristram Shandy

Has elements of sentimentality

Critical Thinking Assessment

Have students evaluate outcomes or information and have them perform research and analysis.

What are some written cues found in literature?

Table of context The Index Appendix

What was the 20th Century evolution of letters?

Tape recording transcripts.

What is strategy preparation?

Teacher discovers which learning strategy students know, and how they are able to apply them.

Scientific Inquiry Assessment

Teacher gives students problems to formulate a hypothesis.

Verbal Knowledge Assessment

Teachers require information recall, restatement, and comprehension.

Principles, rules, and procedures Assessment

Teachers supply situations

Thinking Skill Assessment

Teachers supply situations where students use thinking strategies to apply.

What is strategy trading?

Teachers teach students why, when, and how specific learning strategies are used to support activities for learning and language.

Strategies to teach effective writing

Teaching techniques to plan, revise, and edit Teacher modeling Independent student practice Summarizing text Collaborative Writing Setting specific goals

Realism in Western Literature

The start of realism in Western Literature was a reaction against the sentimentality and extreme emotionalism of the works written in the literary movement of Romanticism.

Alexander Pope's Poem The Rape of the Lock satirized?

The values of fashionable members of the 18th century upper middle class, which Pope found shallow and trivial.

Diction

The way in which a individual character speaks

Alain-Fournier's Le Grand Meaulnes follows what type of writing for?

buldungsroman

Thomas Hughes' Tom Brown's School Days follows what type of writing form?

buldungsroman

HG Wells' Joan and Peter follows what form?

buldungsroman, about questioning for apprenticeships to address modern life's complications.

Hermann Hesse novels: Demian, Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, Magister Ludi, and Under the Wheel follow what form of writing?

buldungsroman, about struggling and searching youth

William Golding's Lord of the Flies follows what type of writing form?

buldungsroman, not set in school, but a coming of age story.

JD Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye is what type of writing?

buldungsroman, set both within and beyond school

Jacques Henri Bernardin de St. Pierre's French work "Paul et Virginie"

demonstrated the early romantic view of innocence and goodness of nature.

Cohesion

describes togetherness or a seamless connection between 2 or more things so that they flow well together.

Realistic literature often addresses?

ethical issues

Hyperbole

exaggeration

Five plot elements

exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution

Sources Need To Be?

valid, reliable, and relevant.

Realist Techniques

writing in the vernacular using specific dialects and placing an emphasis on character rather than plot.

Samuel Richardson

(1689-1761). A major 18th century writer best known for his 3 epistolary novels. a printer, published technical manuals on letter writing for young gentlewomen. his epistolary novels were natural fictional extensions of those non fictional instructional books.

Observational Assessment

- Observations are one of the most commonly used assessment strategies, especially for evaluating or documenting behaviors - The observation should be carried out in the normal instructional setting or natural play environment - A teacher or other appraiser collect data during normal instructional activities by watching and noting behaviors - is non-intrusive for the child, yields instant credible information for the educator, and allows instant hypotheses to be developed. Thus, interactional and instructional strategies may immediately be adjusted and improved

How many of Shakespeare's sonnets have survived today?

154

William Blake

1757-1827 One of the earliest Romantic Poets Artist and print maker Opinionated Reported that he saw visions of angles People thought he was crazy Illustrated his own poetry Songs of Innocence and of Experience The Book of Thel The marriage of Heaven and Hell Jerusalem

William Wordsworth

1770-1850 Published Lyrical Ballads with Samuel Taylor Coleridge Considered a manifesto of English Romantic Literary Theory and criticism. Describes his work "real language of men" Defines poetry as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

1772-1834 Philosopher Literary Critic Collaborated with Wordsworth Acquainted English language intellectuals with German idealist philosophy. Coined many literary terms "the willing suspension of disbelief" Strongly influenced the american transcendentalist

George Gordon, Lord Byron

1788-1824 Known for long narrative poems Don Juan Childe Harolds Pilgrimage She Walks in Beauty Fought in the Greek War Died of a fever Romantic Poet Bisexual Carried enormous debts Wrote linguistic volumes on grammar Mercurial Romantic

What is a metaphysical poet?

17th Century Poets Encouraged readers to see the world from new unaccustomed perspectives by shocking and surprising them with paradox; contradictory imagery; original syntax; combinations of religious, philosophical and artistic images; argumentation; and mythology or nature imagery.

Mastsuo Basho

17th century haiku master An old silent pond A frog jumps into the pond Splash! Silence again

Dr. Samuel Johnson

18th Century Writer Father of English Literature Could bind books himself Goes to Oxford, but can't afford and leaves. Blind in one eye Deaf in one ear Prideful Started a school, but was unsuccessful

How many of Shakespeare's plays have survived today?

38

Examples

For Example For Instance Such As To Illustrate Indeed In Fact

Epic Poetry

A large percentage of the surviving literature from ancient times is in epic poetry. Epic poems recount heroic deeds and adventures. Use stylized language and dramatic and lyrical conventions.

What is realism

A literary form whose goal is to represent reality as close a possible.

universal theme

A message about life that can be understood by most cultures

Third Person

A narrator, who is not a character in the story, tells the story.

Motif

A recurring theme, subject or idea

Validity

A source could be this if it's confirmed and echoed in other works.

Paradox

A statement that contradicts itself. It is used for emphasis as well as to draw the attention of the reader. Makes reader pay attention

What is a Narrative

A story Must have a plot, characters,

Shakespeare paid homage to Christopher Marlowe by?

Alluding to several of his characters, themes, or verbiage, as well as borrowing themes from several of his plays

Platonic Love BY ABRAHAM COWLEY Indeed I must confess, When souls mix 'tis an happiness, But not complete till bodies too do join, And both our wholes into one whole combine; But half of heaven the souls in glory taste Till by love in heaven at last Their bodies too are placed. 2 In thy immortal part Man, as well as I, thou art. But something 'tis that differs thee and me, And we must one even in that difference be. I thee both as a man and woman prize, For a perfect love implies Love in all capacities. 3 Can that for true love pass When a fair woman courts her glass? Something unlike must in love's likeness be: His wonder is one and variety. For he whose soul nought but a soul can move Does a new Narcissus prove, And his own image love. 4 That souls do beauty know 'Tis to the body's help they owe; If when they know't they straight abuse that trust And shut the body from't, 'tis as unjust As if I brought my dearest friend to see My mistress and at th'instant he Should steal her quite from me.

Abraham Cowley

Contemporary Drama, both onstage and onscreen, includes a convention of breaking the fourth wall as.....

Actors directly face and address audiences.

Define asides?

Actors make comments directly to the audience unheard by other characters. Common during the Shakespeare Elizabethan dramatic period.

Pagan Stoic Values

Adapted to Christian beliefs, and these were incorporated into early English literature.

Transitional Words and Phrases Indicating Time

Afterward Immediately Earlier Meanwhile Recently Lately Now Since Soon When Then Until Before

Well composed written letters came to be regarded as?

Artificial and old fashioned

Symbol

An image, character, or object that has meaning beneath the immediate surface.

third person subjective

An outside narrator expresses their opinion. Key Words: he, she, her, him, his, they

Monologues dated back to?

Ancient Greek Drama

The traditions of costumes and masks were seen in?

Ancient Greek drama

Had we but World enough, and Time, This coyness Lady were no crime. We would sit down, and think which way To walk, and pass our long Loves Day. Thou by the Indian Ganges side. Should'st Rubies find: I by the Tide Of Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the Flood: And you should if you please refuse Till the Conversion of the Jews. My vegetable Love should grow Vaster then Empires, and more slow. An hundred years should go to praise Thine Eyes, and on thy Forehead Gaze. Two hundred to adore each Breast. But thirty thousand to the rest. An Age at least to every part, And the last Age should show your Heart. For Lady you deserve this State; Nor would I love at lower rate. But at my back I alwaies hear Times winged Charriot hurrying near: And yonder all before us lye Desarts of vast Eternity. Thy Beauty shall no more be found; Nor, in thy marble Vault, shall sound My ecchoing Song: then Worms shall try That long preserv'd Virginity: And your quaint Honour turn to durst; And into ashes all my Lust. The Grave's a fine and private place, But none I think do there embrace. Now therefore, while the youthful hew Sits on thy skin like morning glew, And while thy willing Soul transpires At every pore with instant Fires, Now let us sport us while we may; And now, like am'rous birds of prey, Rather at once our Time devour, Than languish in his slow-chapt pow'r. Let us roll all our Strength, and all Our sweetness, up into one Ball: And tear our Pleasures with rough strife, Thorough the Iron gates of Life. Thus, though we cannot make our Sun Stand still, yet we will make him run.

Andrew Marvell

conflict in literature

Any struggle between opposing forces.

In English, Bildungsroman is used to describe?

Apprenticeship, novels focusing on coming of age stories. Including youth's struggles and searches for things such as identity, spiritual understanding, or the meaning of life.

Odes

Poems Evolved from songs to the typical poem of the Romantic time period, expressing strong feelings and contemplative thoughts.

Romanticism Key Features

Belief in the individual and common man love of nature interest in bizarre supernatural and Gothic Interest in the past Looks at the world with optimism Power of the imagination

Name the 8 types of informative texts?

Biographies Technical books Literary Non Fiction Picture Book Memoirs Essays Autobiographies Poetry

Found in informative tests to help readers find information

Bold Words Italics Numbers/Bullets Headings/Subheadings Labels

Haiku Philosophy and Technique

Brevity's compression forces writers to express images concisely, depict a moment in time, and evoke illumination and enlightenment.

Jonathon Swift satirized?

British society, politics, and religion

Charles Dickens' David Copperfield and Great Expectations are what form of writing?

Buldungsroman

Contrast

But Although Despite However Instead Nevertheless On one hand

Theme

Central idea of a work of literature

What to consider when you use web pages as sources

Check domain names, identify publishers or sponsors, look for contact info, check dates of page updates, be aware of bias.

Epigram Poems

Poems Memorable rhymes with one or two lines

Sir Thomas Browne (1605-1682)

Doctor Born in the 17th century Traveled widely Came back to England in his 30's to practice medicine and write. Curious Coined over 100 words Knight by Charles II

Define Soliloquies?

Dramatic monologue. Common during the Shakespeare Elizabethan dramatic period.

Krapp's Last Tape

Evoked modern alienation, Beckett still created a sense of fictional characters' direct communication without author intervention as Richardson had.

Dialogue

Exact words a character speaks. Put in quotation marks

Historically, mystery plays were to be reproduced?

Exactly the same every time like religious rituals

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

Famous after he died Married Mary Shelly (daughter of his mentor William Godwin) Romanticism Writer Wrote: Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To Skylark, When Soft Voices Die, The Cloud, Mont Black, Don Juan

Geoffery Chaucer (1343-1400)

Father of English Literature Wrote long narrative poems

What is the History of Romanticism

First half of the 19th Century Became popular from the French Revolution (1789) against the political and social standards of the aristocracy and its overthrowing. was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1890. was partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific rationalization of nature—all components of modernity. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography,education,chess, social sciences, and the natural sciences. It had a significant and complex effect on politics, with romantic thinkers influencing liberalism, radicalism, conservatism, and nationalism.

Effective Paragraphs

Focus on one main idea as the subject.

The Unbearable Bassington by Saki

Focuses on Edwardian society

Dark Ages

Followed the fall of the Roman Empire. 1,000 year period of general public ignorance and illiteracy. AKA: The Middle Ages

Roman a Clef

French for "novel with a key" Refers to books that require a real - life frame of reference, or key, for full comprehension. Cannot be understood completely without knowing their camouflaged historical contents. They disguise truths too dangerous for authors to state directly.

William Shakespeare lived in England ?

From 1564-1616

Elegies

Poems mourning poems written in three parts lament, praise of the deceased and solace for loss

How did English Drama originally develop?

From religious ritual

'Jordan (I)'. Who says that fictions only and false hair Become a verse? Is there in truth no beauty? Is all good structure in a winding stair? May no lines pass, except they do their duty Not to a true, but painted chair?

George Herbert

Jane Austen's Novels

Give detailed descriptions of English society and characters struggling with the definitions and restrictions placed on them by society are excellent models of the novel of manners.

Insight Assessment

Give opportunities to engage and inquiry and discovery activities.

Metacognition Assessment

Give students a variety of problems or situations to address, and assign students to identify different kinds of thinking strategies for analysis and evaluation of their own though process.

Multiple Intelligence Assessment

Give students learning experiences in each of the modalities they target. Verbal, Musical, and Physical

Concept Assessment

Give students new examples and non examples and have them classify these into the right categories.

Creativity Assessment

Give students new problems: products, presentations, or performances.

Comprehension Assessment

Give students topics and ask them to restate and summarize the information.

Horace Walpole's Castle of Otranto is what type of novel?

Gothic Novel

Mary Shelley's Frankinstein's novels are what type?

Gothic Novel

Matthew Gregory Lewis' Monk is what type of novel?

Gothic Novel

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

Greatest influences in 20th century English Literature Believed to be transitional from Romanticism to Modernism Fascinated with Irish Legend, Supernatural Subjects The Stolen Child, The Wanderings of Oisin, The Death of Cuchulain, Who Goes with Fergus, The Song of Wandering Aengus, The Secret Rose, The Wind Among the Reeds, The Green Helmet, Responsibilities, The Tower, and The Winding Stair

William Shakespeare was a ....

Poet and playwright of the Renaissance period in Western Culture.

My Soul, there is a country Afar beyond the stars, Where stands a winged sentry All skillful in the wars;5 There, above noise and danger Sweet Peace sits, crown'd with smiles, And One born in a manger Commands the beauteous files. He is thy gracious friend And (O my Soul awake!) Did in pure love descend, To die here for thy sake. If thou canst get but thither, There grows the flow'r of peace, The rose that cannot wither, Thy fortress, and thy ease. Leave then thy foolish ranges, For none can thee secure, But One, who never changes, Thy God, thy life, thy cure.

Henry Vaughn

Expectations for 6-12

High School use informative/explanatory text to communicate and investigate information and ideas.

Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace is what type of novel?

Historical Fiction

Robert Graves' I, Claudius is what type of novel

Historical Fiction

Virginia Woolf's Orlando and Between Acts are what type of novels?

Historical Fiction

Walter Scott's Rob Boy and Ivanhoe is what type of novel?

Historical Fiction

Ancient Roman satirists include?

Horace and Juvenal

Discourse

How the author arranges and sequences events. Allows the story to be told in different ways.

What is character change?

How the character develops or changes over the course of the book.

Compare and contrast

How two things are alike and different.

Saul Bellow's Novel Herzog demonstrates?

How urban ills highlight an alternative pastoral ideal.

Overreaching Theme

Human trait of reaching too far or presuming too much.

Comic figures who were sympathetic were usually of?

Humble origins, proving their natural nobility through their actions as their characters were tested

Pastoral Poems

Idealize nature and country living

What to consider when you use articles as sources

Identify author, publisher, frequency if publication, what kind of advertising.

Realist focused on?

Immediacy of time and place, on specific actions of their characters, and the consequences of those actions.

Revising

In depth Involves revisiting your outline. Not just rewording, but adding, and taking stuff out.

Narrative detail and nuanced acting were evident?

In mystery cycles by the Middle Ages

Verse

In the middle ages, plays were commonly composed in this type of writing

Metaphysical Poetry Key Concepts

Metaphysical conceit Conflict / contrast transcendent vs treatment Meditation Unnaturalists

Some mystery play performers introduced?

Individual interpretations of roles and even improvised. From here, drama was born

Medieval Period was influenced by?

Influenced by Greek and Latin philosophies

Purpose of author

Inform Entertainment Persuade

Two types of conflict in literature?

Internal and external

Johannes Gutenberg

Invention of the movable typing printing press. This changed everything. Enabled public return to literacy, which lead into the Renaissance or "rebirth"

Samuel Beckett (1906-1989)

Irish born/French playwright/novelist Krapp's Last Tape

Realistic Works have often concentrated on?

Middle classes of the authors' societies

Drafting Conclusions

It should avoid simply stating the thesis statement. will remind the reader of the thesis. should indicate how the readers should think about this subject in the future. It's the last thing they're going to read before they're done reading your composition. don't stress about making it this magical, inspirational thing. You want to leave a lasting impression.

Transitions in writing

It's a mark of good writing

Farewell To break one's word is pleasure-fraught, To do one's duty gives a smart; While man, alas! will promise nought, That is repugnant to his heart. Using some magic strains of yore, Thou lurest him, when scarcely calm, On to sweet folly's fragile bark once more, Renewing, doubling chance of harm. Why seek to hide thyself from me? Fly not my sight—be open then! Known late or early it must be, And here thou hast thy word again. My duty is fulfill'd to-day, No longer will I guard thee from surprise; But, oh, forgive the friend who from thee turns away, And to himself for refuge flies!

Johann Wolfgang

The Rebel Scot How, Providence? and yet a Scottish crew? Then Madam Nature wears black patches too! What, shall our nation be in bondage thus Unto a land that truckles under us? Ring the bells backward! I am all on fire. Not all the buckets in a country quire Shall quench my rage. A poet should be feared When angry, like a comet's flaming beard. And where's the stoic can his wrath appease, To see his country sick of Pym's disease? By Scotch invasion to be made a prey To such pig widge on myrmidons as they? But that there's charm in verse, I would not quote The name of Scot without an antidote; Unless my head were red, that I might brew Invention there that might be poison too. Were I a drowsy judge whose dismal note Disgorgeth halters as a juggler's throat Doth ribbons; could I in Sir Empiric's tone Speak pills in phrase and quack destruction; Or roar like Marshall, that Geneva bull, Hell and damnation a pulpit full; Yet to express a Scot, to play that prize, Not all those mouth-grenadoes can suffice. Before a Scot can properly be curst, I must like Hocus swallow daggers first Come, keen iambics, with your badger's feet, And badger-like bite till your teeth do meet. Help, ye tart satirists, to imp my rage With all the scorpions that should whip this age. Scots are like witches; do but whet your pen, Scratch till the blood come, they'll not hurt you then. Now, as the martyrs were enforced to take The shape of beasts, like hypocrites at stake, I'll bait my Scot so, yet not cheat your eyes: A Scot within a beast is no disguise. No more let Ireland brag; her harmless nation Fosters no venom since the Scot's plantation; Nor can our feigned antiquity obtain: Since they came in, England hath wolves again. The Scot that kept the Tower might have shown, Within the grate of his own breast alone, The leopard and the panther, and engrossed What all those wild collegiates had cost The honest high-shoes in their termly fees; First to the salvage lawyer, next to these. Nature herself doth Scotchmen beasts confess, Making their country such a wilderness: A land that brings in question and suspense God's omnipresence, but that Charles came thence, But that Montrose and Crawford's loyal band Atoned their sin and christened half their land. Nor is it all the nation hath these sports: There is a Church as well as Kirk of Scots, As in a picture where the squinting paint Shows fiend on this side, and on that side saint. He that saw hell in's melancholy dream And in the twilight of his fancy's theme, Scared from his sins, repented in a fright, Had he viewed Scotland, had turned proselyte. A land where one may pray with curst intent, Oh may they never suffer banishment! Had Cain been Scot, God would have changed his doom: Not forced him wander, but confined him home!

John Cleveland

Metaphysical Poets

John Donne, Andrew Marvell, George Herbert, Abraham Cowley, John Cleveland, Richard Crashaw, Thomas Traherne, and Henry Vaughn

'The Flea'. Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that which thou deniest me is; It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be; Thou know'st that this cannot be said A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead, Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pampered swells with one blood made of two, And this, alas, is more than we would do ...

John Dunn

Ode to a Nightingale 1. My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness,— That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees, In some melodious plot Of beechen green, and shadows numberless, Singest of summer in full-throated ease. 2. O, for a draught of vintage! that hath been Cool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth,Tasting of Flora and the country green, Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt mirth!O for a beaker full of the warm South, Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene, With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, And purple-stained mouth; That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, And with thee fade away into the forest dim: 3. Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget What thou among the leaves hast never known,The weariness, the fever, and the fret Here, where men sit and hear each other groan;Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs, Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies; Where but to think is to be full of sorrow And leaden-eyed despairs, Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes, Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow. 4. Away! away! for I will fly to thee, Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards,But on the viewless wings of Poesy, Though the dull brain perplexes and retards:Already with thee! tender is the night, And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne, Cluster'd around by all her starry Fays; But here there is no light, Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown Through verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways. 5. I cannot see what flowers are at my feet, Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs,But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet Wherewith the seasonable month endowsThe grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild; White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine; Fast fading violets cover'd up in leaves; And mid-May's eldest child, The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine, The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves. 6. Darkling I listen; and, for many a time I have been half in love with easeful Death,Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme, To take into the air my quiet breath;Now more than ever seems it rich to die, To cease upon the midnight with no pain, While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad In such an ecstasy! Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain— To thy high requiem become a sod. 7. Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird! No hungry generations tread thee down;The voice I hear this passing night was heard In ancient days by emperor and clown:Perhaps the self-same song that found a path Through the sad heart of Ruth, when, sick for home, She stood in tears amid the alien corn; The same that oft-times hath Charm'd magic casements, opening on the foam Of perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn. 8. Forlorn! the very word is like a bell To toil me back from thee to my sole self!Adieu! the fancy cannot cheat so well As she is fam'd to do, deceiving elf.Adieu! adieu! thy plaintive anthem fades Past the near meadows, over the still stream, Up the hill-side; and now 'tis buried deep In the next valley-glades: Was it a vision, or a waking dream? Fled is that music:—Do I wake or sleep? This poem is in the public domain.

John Keats

figurative language

Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.

The Starling. Road to Versailles I GOT into my remise the hour I proposed: La Fleur got up behind, and I bid the coachman make the best of his way to Versailles. 1 As there was nothing in this road, or rather nothing which I look for in traveling, I cannot fill up the blank better than with a short history of this selfsame bird, which became the subject of the last chapter. 2 Whilst the Honorable Mr.—was waiting for a wind at Dover, it had been caught upon the cliffs before it could well fly, by an English lad who was his groom; who not caring to destroy it, had taken it in his breast into the packet—and by course of feeding it, and taking it once under his protection, in a day or two grew fond of it, and got it safe along with him to Paris. 3 At Paris the lad had laid out a livre in a little cage for the starling, and as he had little to do better the five months his master stay'd there, he taught it in his mother's tongue the four simple words—(and no more)—to which I own'd myself so much its debtor. 4 Upon his master's going on for Italy—the lad had given it to the master of the hotel.—But his little song for liberty being in an unknown language at Paris—the bird had little or no store set by him—so La Fleur bought both him and his cage for me for a bottle of Burgundy. 5 In my return from Italy I brought him with me to the country in whose language he had learn'd his notes—and telling the story of him to Lord A——, Lord A begg'd the bird of me—in a week Lord A gave him to Lord B—— —; Lord B made a present of him to Lord C——; and Lord C——'s gentleman sold him to Lord D——'s for a shilling—Lord D gave him to Lord E——, and so on—half round the alphabet.—From that rank he pass'd into the lower house, and pass'd the hands of as many commoners.—But as all these wanted to get in—and my bird wanted to get out—he had almost as little store set by him in London as in Paris.

Laurence Sterne

Pastoral Novels

Lyrically idealize country life as idyllic and utopian, akin to the Garden of Eden.

What are considered aids in informative text?

Written cues, graphics, illustrations, and organizational structure are aids in this type of text.

What is strategy raising?

Make students aware of learning strategies they may have never considered. 5 tasks What compromises the learning process Students preference in learning What strategies they already use, and what has been suggested to them. How much responsibility students assemble for their own learning. Methods for assessing students use of learning strategies.

Fall of the Roman Empire

Many European countries formerly united under Roman rule became fragmented, after this event.

Shakespeare wrote?

Many poems, particularly sonnets

Instructional Methods to Guide Student Writing

Mentor Texts Compose informative and explanatory text in front of the class. Scaffolding through various activities

Erza Pound

Modern American Poet Revealed the influence of haiku in his two-line poem "In a station of the Metro" line 1 has 5+syllables line 2 has 7 It still preserves haiku's philosophy and imagistic technique.

James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is what type of writing?

Modern Example of buldungsroman

Samuel Butler's The Way Of All Flesh is what type of writing?

Modern Example of buldungsroman

Revising

More in-depth You are revisiting your initial outline for your piece and reconstructing some parts of your manuscript or even the entire manuscript as a whole. involves not just rewording some points, but adding, taking out, or replacing ideas, sections, or chapters of the book. It can also include clarifying existing ideas, rephrasing your thoughts with more descriptive language, deleting unnecessary points, and restructuring the sequence of your ideas.

Editing

More surface level comb through of text. Focuses on the readability of the text.

George Orwell's Animal Farm

Political Allegory Roman a Clef

John Keats (1795-1821)

Romantic Poet Lived a short life Know for his 6 Odes: Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode on Indolence, Ode on Melancholy, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode to Psyche, To Autumn. Sonnet O' Solitude, Endymion, La Belle Dame Sans Merci, Hyperion, Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes Beauty is truth, truth is beauty Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know

Who was the 19th Century author of sentimental novels?

Mrs. Henry Wood (East Lynne)

When did sentimental love novels originate?

Romanticism Movement

The Moonstone

Mystery written in epistolary form By: Wilkie Collins

Structural patterns

Narration Description Definition Example Illustration Division Classification Comparison Contrast Analogy Cause Effect Process

Running Record

Narrative records of a child's activities during a single period of time. Reading Aloud - Teacher records the words the student mispronounces

Oh could I raise the darken'd veil,Which hides my future life from me,Could unborn ages slowly sail,Before my view—and could I seeMy every action painted there,To cast one look I would not dare.There poverty and grief might stand,And dark Despair's corroding hand,Would make me seek the lonely tombTo slumber in its endless gloom.Then let me never cast a look,Within Fate's fix'd mysterious book.

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Place

Near Far Here There To the left Next To

You can find Informative texts here?

Newspapers, textbooks, reference materials, and research papers.

Editing

Often coupled with proofreading, means rereading the text and looking for errors that stand out and decrease the quality of the article. These errors include spelling, grammar, syntax, word choice, and punctuation.

An Informative Texts is what type of literature?

Non Fiction

Sword of Honour Trilogy

Novel of Military Manners

Evelyn Waugh's Handful of Dust

Novel of Social Manners

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Nouvelle Heloise

Novel that depicts emotional rather than only physical love.

Samuel Richardson's Pamela

Novel that depicts emotional rather than only physical love.

Anelida and Arcite

One of CHAUCER's most unusual works,Anelida and Arcite is a curious and clearly experimental combination of narrative and lyric, in which the English poet seems to have been trying to find an effective way of combining the lyrical love COMPLAINT of his French models, like Guillaume de MACHAUT, with his newfound passion for Italian narrative poetry, particularly as found in BOCCACCIO's TESEIDA.Most critics have found the lyric portion of the text far more successful than the narrative. The poem begins with not one but two epic style invocations, the first to Mars and Bellona (Roman god and goddess of war), the second to the muses, asking for their help in telling the story of Queen Anelida and her false lover Arcite. A narrative of about 200 lines follows, which Chaucer claims to be taking from Statius, author of the Latin Thebaid, and from an unknown (and probably spurious) poet named Corrine. In fact, he bases the first part of the narrative on the Teseida, describing Theseus's triumphant return from battling the Amazons, then switches the scene to Thebes, where Anelida, queen of Armenia, is wooed and then abandoned by the false Arcite—a name Chaucer also borrowed from a completely different character in the Teseida. No source has been found for this story, which was probably Chaucer's own invention. This Chaucer follows with an elaborate "Complaint," nearly as long as the narrative, in which Anelida laments her desertion by the false Arcite. The poem consists of a Proem, a Strophe, an Antistrophe, and a Conclusion. The Proem and Conclusion are in exactly the same verse form, while the Strophe and Antistrophe precisely parallel one another, and the poem ends with a line that echoes its beginning. Praised for its metrical versatility, the "Complaint" has also been admired as a realistic exploration of a mind disturbed by grief.

Edgar Allan Poe

Romanticism Writer Individualistic Wrote Poems and fiction The Raven Created Detective School Perfect Psychological Thriller Produced some of the best literary criticism of his time.

Formative Assessment

Ongoing evaluations to demonstrate what the student has learned.

Haiku

Originally a Japanese Poetry Form Began in the 13th Century and by the 16th Century is became its own short poem. 17 syllables, distributed across three lines as 5/7/5, with a pause after the first or second line. Syllabic and unrhymed

Gothic Novels

Originated as a reaction against 18th century Enlightenment rationalism, featuring horror, mystery, superstition, madness, supernatural elements, and revenge.

Psychological Novels

Originating in the 17th Century France Explore characters' motivations

Synopsis

Overview No time for specifics

Thomas Lodge's Rosalynde (1590)

Pastoral Novel Inspired Shakespeare's As You Like It and Philip Sidney's Arcadia.

Elizabethan period used this convention in Hamlet, as well as other plays during this time?

Play within a play

As individualized performance evolved this happened?

Plays on other subjects also developed.

Shakespeare is best know for his?

Plays, including comedies, tragedies, tragicomedies, and historical plays.

Ballad

Poem 14th and 15th Century became a popular Structured with rhyme and meter and focus on subjects such as love, death, and religious topics.

Hymn to Intellectual Beauty The awful shadow of some unseen Power Floats though unseen among us; visiting This various world with as inconstant wing As summer winds that creep from flower to flower; Like moonbeams that behind some piny mountain shower, It visits with inconstant glance Each human heart and countenance; Like hues and harmonies of evening, Like clouds in starlight widely spread, Like memory of music fled, Like aught that for its grace may be Dear, and yet dearer for its mystery. Spirit of BEAUTY, that dost consecrate With thine own hues all thou dost shine upon Of human thought or form, where art thou gone? Why dost thou pass away and leave our state, This dim vast vale of tears, vacant and desolate? Ask why the sunlight not for ever Weaves rainbows o'er yon mountain-river, Why aught should fail and fade that once is shown, Why fear and dream and death and birth Cast on the daylight of this earth Such gloom, why man has such a scope For love and hate, despondency and hope? No voice from some sublimer world hath ever To sage or poet these responses given: Therefore the names of Demon, Ghost, and Heaven, Remain the records of their vain endeavour: Frail spells whose utter'd charm might not avail to sever, From all we hear and all we see, Doubt, chance and mutability. Thy light alone like mist o'er mountains driven, Or music by the night-wind sent Through strings of some still instrument, Or moonlight on a midnight stream, Gives grace and truth to life's unquiet dream. Love, Hope, and Self-esteem, like clouds depart And come, for some uncertain moments lent. Man were immortal and omnipotent, Didst thou, unknown and awful as thou art, Keep with thy glorious train firm state within his heart. Thou messenger of sympathies, That wax and wane in lovers' eyes; Thou, that to human thought art nourishment, Like darkness to a dying flame! Depart not as thy shadow came, Depart not—lest the grave should be, Like life and fear, a dark reality. While yet a boy I sought for ghosts, and sped Through many a listening chamber, cave and ruin, And starlight wood, with fearful steps pursuing Hopes of high talk with the departed dead. I call'd on poisonous names with which our youth is fed; I was not heard; I saw them not; When musing deeply on the lot Of life, at that sweet time when winds are wooing All vital things that wake to bring News of birds and blossoming, Sudden, thy shadow fell on me; I shriek'd, and clasp'd my hands in ecstasy! I vow'd that I would dedicate my powers To thee and thine: have I not kept the vow? With beating heart and streaming eyes, even now I call the phantoms of a thousand hours Each from his voiceless grave: they have in vision'd bowers Of studious zeal or love's delight Outwatch'd with me the envious night: They know that never joy illum'd my brow Unlink'd with hope that thou wouldst free This world from its dark slavery, That thou, O awful LOVELINESS, Wouldst give whate'er these words cannot express. The day becomes more solemn and serene When noon is past; there is a harmony In autumn, and a lustre in its sky, Which through the summer is not heard or seen, As if it could not be, as if it had not been! Thus let thy power, which like the truth Of nature on my passive youth Descended, to my onward life supply Its calm, to one who worships thee, And every form containing thee, Whom, SPIRIT fair, thy spells did bind To fear himself, and love all human kind.

Percy Bysshe Shelley

External Conflict

Person vs person Person vs nature Person vs fate Person vs society Person vs unknown Person vs machine.

Internal Conflict

Person vs self

Components of SSBI

Preparation Raising Training phase Strategy Practice Personalization

Cause and Effect

Presents reasons something happened.

Simple Plot

Probable actions with a change in fortune.

What are Quotes used for in literature?

Provide support in response to literature. Make a connection to another piece of literature. Discuss characterization or plot. Make your response stronger because they root from the text.

Abbe Prevost's Manon Lescaut is what type of novel?

Psychological Novel

Fyodor Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment is what type of novel?

Psychological Novel

Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary is what type of novel

Psychological Novel

Henry James' novels are what type?

Psychological Novel

James Joyce's novels are what type?

Psychological Novel

Tolstoy's Anna Karenina is what type of novel?

Psychological Novel

Vladimir Nabokov's Novels are what type?

Psychological Novel

George Elliot's Novels were what type?

Psychological Novels

semicolon

Punctuation is used to separate sentences, phrases, or words to further clarify a piece of writing. is used most commonly to join two independent clauses without using a coordinating conjunction. Can be used with conjective adverbs: also, however, moreover

Tips for editing and revision

Put it away for a few hours Peer review Read out loud Make an outline

Tips for editing and revising

Put the Project Away for a Few Hours (or Days if Possible) Get a Fresh Pair of Eyes to Proofread your Work Read Out Loud Make an Outline

Reading essay tips?

Read the title Look for important areas and mark them. Underline important points Read to comprehend

Tips for reading essays

Read the title Mark important areas of the text to help define the essay. Read the meaning of the text. Find some background information on the writer Read to comprehend

Henry James was a prominent writer of?

Realism

In Modern English plays, dialogue became less poetic and more conversational as drama moved towards?

Realism

Misplaced Modifier

Really means misplaced adverb

Picaresque novels

Recount episodic adventures of a rogue protagonist or picaro. Like Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote Henry Fielding's Tom Jones

Metaphysical Poetry History

Reformation / religious upheaval Question of state and power / civil war Colonization/ exploration / mapping Science

Mystery means what in Middle English?

Religions ritual, truth, and craft/trade

Alliteration

Repetition of initial consonant sounds

Complex Plot

Reversal of fortune.

The Flaming Heart O heart, the equal poise of love's both parts, Big alike with wounds and darts, Live in these conquering leaves; live all the same, And walk through all tongues one triumphant flame; Live here, great heart, and love and die and kill, And bleed and wound, and yield and conquer still. Let this immortal life, where'er it comes, Walk in a crowd of loves and martyrdoms; Let mystic deaths wait on 't, and wise souls be The love-slain witnesses of this life of thee. O sweet incendiary! show here thy art, Upon this carcass of a hard cold heart, Let all thy scatter'd shafts of light, that play Among the leaves of thy large books of day, Combin'd against this breast, at once break in And take away from me my self and sin; This gracious robbery shall thy bounty be, And my best fortunes such fair spoils of me. O thou undaunted daughter of desires! By all thy dow'r of lights and fires, By all the eagle in thee, all the dove, By all thy lives and deaths of love, By thy large draughts of intellectual day, And by thy thirsts of love more large than they, By all thy brim-fill'd bowls of fierce desire, By thy last morning's draught of liquid fire, By the full kingdom of that final kiss That seiz'd thy parting soul and seal'd thee his, By all the heav'ns thou hast in him, Fair sister of the seraphim! By all of him we have in thee, Leave nothing of my self in me: Let me so read thy life that I Unto all life of mine may die.

Richard Crawshaw

In Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, the Nun's Priest's Tale is what type of writing?

Roman a Clef Contains details that confuse readers unaware of history about the Earl of Bolingbroke's involvement in an assassination plot.

Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past is what type of writing?

Roman a Clef Informed by his social context

James Joyce's Finnegans Wake is what type of writing?

Roman a Clef, containing multitudinous personal reference.

John Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel is what type of writing?

Roman a clef Political satirical poem

#131 on top 500 poets Samuel Johnson Poems Quotes Comments CONDEMN'D to Hope's delusive mine, As on we toil from day to day, By sudden blasts or slow decline Our social comforts drop away. Well tried through many a varying year, See Levet to the grave descend, Officious, innocent, sincere, Of every friendless name the friend. Yet still he fills affection's eye, Obscurely wise and coarsely kind; Nor, letter'd Arrogance, deny Thy praise to merit unrefined. When fainting nature call'd for aid, And hov'ring death prepared the blow, His vig'rous remedy display'd The power of art without the show. In Misery's darkest cavern known, His useful care was ever nigh, Where hopeless Anguish pour'd his groan, And lonely Want retired to die. No summons mock'd by chill delay, No petty gain disdained by pride; The modest wants of every day The toil of every day supplied. His virtues walk'd their narrow round, Nor made a pause, nor left a void; And sure th' Eternal Master found The single talent well employ'd. The busy day, the peaceful night, Unfelt, uncounted, glided by; His frame was firm--his powers were bright, Though now his eightieth year was nigh. Then with no fiery throbbing pain, No cold gradations of decay, Death broke at once the vital chain, And freed his soul the nearest way.

Samuel Johnson

Name an author that widely influenced early Romantic epistolary novels throughout Europe that freely expressed emotions?

Samuel Richardson (Pamela & Clarissa)

Love All thoughts, all passions, all delights,Whatever stirs this mortal frame,All are but ministers of Love, And feed his sacred flame. Oft in my waking dreams do ILive o'er again that happy hour,When midway on the mount I lay, Beside the ruin'd tower. The moonshine, stealing o'er the scene,Had blended with the lights of eve;And she was there, my hope, my joy, My own dear Genevieve! She lean'd against the armèd man,The statue of the armèd Knight;She stood and listen'd to my lay, Amid the lingering light. Few sorrows hath she of her own,My hope! my joy! my Genevieve!She loves me best whene'er I sing The songs that make her grieve. I play'd a soft and doleful air;I sang an old and moving story—An old rude song, that suited well That ruin wild and hoary. She listen'd with a flitting blush,With downcast eyes and modest grace;For well she knew I could not choose But gaze upon her face. I told her of the Knight that woreUpon his shield a burning brand;And that for ten long years he woo'd The Lady of the Land. I told her how he pined: and ah!The deep, the low, the pleading toneWith which I sang another's love, Interpreted my own. She listen'd with a flitting blush,With downcast eyes, and modest grace;And she forgave me, that I gazed Too fondly on her face! But when I told the cruel scornThat crazed that bold and lovely Knight,And that he cross'd the mountain-woods, Nor rested day nor night; That sometimes from the savage den,And sometimes from the darksome shade,And sometimes starting up at once In green and sunny glade— There came and look'd him in the faceAn angel beautiful and bright;And that he knew it was a Fiend, This miserable Knight! And that, unknowing what he did,He leap'd amid a murderous band,And saved from outrage worse than death The Lady of the Land;— And how she wept and clasp'd his knees;And how she tended him in vain—And ever strove to expiate The scorn that crazed his brain;— And that she nursed him in a cave;And how his madness went away,When on the yellow forest leaves A dying man he lay;— His dying words—but when I reach'dThat tenderest strain of all the ditty,My faltering voice and pausing harp Disturb'd her soul with pity! All impulses of soul and senseHad thrill'd my guileless Genevieve;The music and the doleful tale, The rich and balmy eve; And hopes, and fears that kindle hope,An undistinguishable throng,And gentle wishes long subdued, Subdued and cherish'd long! She wept with pity and delight,She blush'd with love and virgin shame;And like the murmur of a dream, I heard her breathe my name. Her bosom heaved—she stepp'd aside,As conscious of my look she stept—Then suddenly, with timorous eye She fled to me and wept. She half enclosed me with her arms,She press'd me with a meek embrace;And bending back her head, look'd up, And gazed upon my face. 'Twas partly love, and partly fear,And partly 'twas a bashful art,That I might rather feel, than see, The swelling of her heart. I calm'd her fears, and she was calm,And told her love with virgin pride;And so I won my Genevieve, My bright and beauteous Bride.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Jonathon Swift's A Tale of a Tub is what type of writing

Satire Roman a Clef

Syntax

Sentence structure Word Order Aid in determining meaning

Historical Fiction

Set in particular historical periods, including prehistoric and mythological.

Fyodor Dostoevsky wrote?

Several novels that shunned romantic ideals and sought to portray a stark reality.

Marlowe's Jew of Malta influenced?

Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice

Comparison

Similarity In the same way likewise Also Again Once More

Dialect

Spoken by people according to their region. "Certain Groups"

Metaphysical poetry key features?

Spoken quality Second person Hyperboles Liberal take of structure Analogy Paradoxes / contrasts Irony and whit

Seductive presentation of ideas

Starts with conclusion and explains supporting example.

Inductive Presentation of Ideas

Starts with specific examples and moves to a general conclusion.

SSBI

Styles and strategies based instruction

Elizabethan dialogue used what for upper class characters' speech?

Stylized verse

Problem Solving Assessment

Students choose multiple strategies to solve different problem situations

What is strategy practice?

Students experiment with a wide range of learning styles.

Motor Skill Assessment

Students perform the skills and teacher evaluates.

What is strategy personalization?

Students self assess what they have learned

What is metaphysical poetry?

Supernatural 17th Century Philosophical and nature

Informative Text can be define as?

Text that educates the reader about a specific topic.

Reliability

That the source must consistently support your point It needs to only backup your point and not give any other options.

Roman Empire

The Romans assimilated and adapted the culture of the Greeks they conquered into their own society.

William Wordsworth Works

The Solitary Reaper Lyrical Ballads Tinturn Abbey

What caused the term sentimental to have undesirable connotations?

The Victorian era's rejection of emotionalism

Coherence

The details in the paragraph fit together so that the readers can clearly understand the main point, and its parts flow well.

Denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

Relevance

The extent to which the source applies to your essay.

Colon

The phrase preceding this MUST be a complete sentence that stands alone. One of the most common ways these are used in writing is to signify the start of a list or sequence of things in a sentence. They can also emphasis a single word or phrase at the end of a sentence After the fierce battle, the warrior was known by all as one thing: a hero. Example:The doctor reached a diagnosis: the patient had a lethal virus.

Plot

The sequence of main events in a story

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's: Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre is credited with?

The origin of buldungsroman

The Book of the Duchess

The poem is written in Middle English and belongs to the literary genre known as the high medieval dream vision. He finds himself in bed on a May morning with birds singing and quickly gets dressed to join a hunt in progress outside. He is separated from the others in the party and walks alone through the woods until he comes upon a man in black sitting alone (lines 292-445). The man, described as a handsome and noble knight, is writing a poem and completely unaware of the narrator. The poem is a lament for lost love, which the knight recites as he writes, in which he says how the love of his life has died and he will never feel joy again. The narrator is moved by the poem and even more so by the knight's obvious sorrow and moves to comfort him, but the knight is so deep in despair he does not notice at first (lines 445-514). The narrator apologizes for disturbing the knight, says how he is obviously depressed and asks what he can do to help. The knight answers that there is nothing anyone can do and then relates how miserable his life has become, how he curses fortune which has stripped him of happiness, and how life is meaningless now whereas once it was bright and joyful (lines 515-709). The narrator then tries to console him by reminding him of the wisdom of Socrates in confronting fate, and how famous lovers have suffered throughout history like Medea with Jason, Dido with Aeneas, Samson with Delilah (lines 710-740). The knight tells him he does not know what he is talking about because the knight has lost far more than any of the people cited and tells him to sit down and he will make the problem clearer. The knight then tells the narrator of how he met this beautiful woman, fell in love, and married her (lines 741-1041). The narrator interrupts to say how his wife sounds very nice but she could not have been as perfect as the knight is depicting her. The knight replies how everyone saw her in the same way and there was never anyone as beautiful or kind or gentle as she (lines 1042-1111). The narrator still does not grasp the knight's problem and asks him to tell of their first words with each other and how she came to know he loved her and then asks plainly what has gone wrong with the relationship (lines 1112-1144). The knight obliges and tells the narrator of the first song he composed for her and then talks about their relationship and how much she meant to him (lines 1145-1297). The narrator asks, "Where is she now?" and the knight replies, "She is dead" at which the narrator exclaims, "Be God, hyt is routhe!" (literally, "it is sorrowful" but better translated as "I am so sorry!") and instantly hears the hunting party returning. He then wakes from the dream to find himself in his bed with the book of Seys and Alcyone in front of him, marvels at the dream he had and says how he knew he had to write it down immediately (lines 1298-1334). The poem ends with the narrator saying how he has done so and now his dream his done.

The House of Fame

The work begins with a poem in which Chaucer speculates on the nature and causes of dreams. He claims that he will tell his audience about his "wonderful" dream "in full. "Chaucer then writes an invocation to the god of sleep asking that none, whether out of ignorance or spite, misjudge the meaning of his dream. The first book begins when, on the night of the tenth of December, Chaucer has a dream in which he is inside a temple made of glass, filled with beautiful art and shows of wealth. After seeing an image of Venus, Vulcan, and Cupid, he deduces that it is a temple to Venus. Chaucer explores the temple until he finds a brass tablet recounting the Aeneid. Chaucer goes into much further detail during the story of Aeneas's betrayal of Dido, after which he lists other women in Greek mythology who were betrayed by their lovers, which led to their deaths. He gives examples of the stories of Demophon of Athens and Phyllis, Achilles and Breseyda, Paris and Aenone, Jason and Hypsipyle and later Medea, Hercules and Dyanira, and finally Theseus and Ariadne. This prefigures his interest in wronged women in The Legend of Good Women, written in the mid-1380s, which depicts various women of Greek mythology, including Dido, Medea, and Ariadne. Chaucer finishes recounting the Aeneid from the brass tablet, and then decides to go outside to see if he can find anyone who can tell him where he is. He finds that outside the temple is a featureless field, and prays to Christ to save him from hallucination and illusion. He looks up to the sky, and sees a golden eagle that begins to descend towards him, marking the end of the first book. When the second book begins, Chaucer has attempted to flee the swooping eagle, but is caught and lifted up into the sky. Chaucer faints, and the eagle rouses him by calling his name. The eagle explains that he is a servant of Jove, who seeks to reward Chaucer for his unrewarded devotion to Venus and Cupid by sending him to the titular House of the goddess Fame, who hears all that happens in the world. Chaucer is skeptical that Fame could possibly hear everything in the world, prompting the eagle to explain how such a thing happens. According to the eagle, the House of Fame is the 'natural abode' of sound. The concept of the natural abode was an explanation for how gravity functions: a stone dropped from any height will fall down to reach the ground, smoke will rise into the air, and rivers always lead to the sea. Because sound is 'broken air', this means that it is light, which means that it will rise upwards, which means that its natural abode must be in the heavens. The eagle gives further evidence of this by comparing sound to a ripple. Later, the Eagle offers to tell Chaucer more about the stars, but Chaucer declines, saying he is too old. They arrive at the foot of the House of Fame at the beginning of the third book, and Chaucer describes what he sees. The House of Fame is built atop a massive rock that, upon closer inspection, turns out to be ice inscribed with the names of the famous. He notices many other names written in the ice that had melted to the point of illegibility, and deduces that they melted because they were not in the shadow of the House of Fame. Chaucer climbs the hill, and sees the House of Fame, and thousands of mythological musicians still performing their music. He enters the palace itself, and sees Fame. He describes her as having countless tongues, eyes, and ears, to represent the spoken, seen, and heard aspects of fame. She also has partridge wings on her heels, to represent the speed at which fame can move. Chaucer observes Fame as she metes out fame and infamy to groups of people who arrive, whether or not they deserve or want it. After each of Fame's judgments, the god of the north winds, Aeolus, blows one of two trumpets: 'Clear Laud', to give the petitioners fame, and 'Slander' to give the petitioners infamy. At one point, a man who is most likely Herostratus asks for infamy, which Fame grants to him. Soon, Chaucer leaves the House of Fame, and is taken by an unnamed man to a "place where [Chaucer] shall hear many things". In a valley outside of the house, Chaucer sees a large, rapidly spinning wicker house that he guesses to be at least miles in length. The house makes incredibly loud noises as it spins, and Chaucer remarks that "if the house had stood upon the Oise, I believe truly that it might easily have been heard it as far as Rome". Chaucer enters the house, and sees a massive crowd of people, representing the spread of rumor and hearsay. He spends some time listening to all he can, all the lies and all the truth, but then the crowd falls silent at the approach of an unnamed man who Chaucer believes to be of 'great authority'. The poem ends at this point, and the identity of this man remains a mystery.

Sequence

Too First Second Further Moreover Also Again Next Still Too Besides Finally

Observational Checklist

This allows teachers to record behaviors that traditional written tests cannot include.

Medieval tradition assigned responsibility for performing specific plays?

To the different guilds (medieval association of craftsmen or merchants who had power)

The Preparative My Body being Dead, my Limbs unknown; Before I skilled [sic] to prize Those living Stars mine Eyes, Before my Tongue or Cheeks were to me shown, Before I knew my Hands were mine, Or that my Sinews did my Members join, When neither Nostril, Foot, nor Ear, As yet was seen, or felt, or did appear; I was within A House I knew not, newly clothed with Skin. Then was my Soul my only All to me, A Living Endless Eye, Far wider than the Sky Whose Power, whose Act, whose Essence was to see. I was an Inward Sphere of Light, Or an Interminable Orb of Sight, An Endless and a Living Day, A vital Sun that round about did ray All Life and Sense, A Naked Simple Pure Intelligence. I then no Thirst nor Hunger did conceive, No dull Necessity, No Want was Known to me; Without Disturbance then I did receive The fair Ideas of all Things, And had the Honey even without the Stings. A Meditating Inward Eye Gazing at Quiet did within me lie, And every Thing Delighted me that was their Heavenly King.

Thomas Traherne

In recent times, mystery plays began?

To draw interest again

Lie means?

To lay down

What is a Main Idea

Topic +. about the Topic = Expressed in sentences.

What did growing realism do for pastoral writing ?

Transformed pastoral writing into less ideal and more dystopian, distasteful, and ironic depictions of country life. As seen in George Eliot's and Thomas Hardy's novels.

Realist avoid?

Treatments that are too dramatic or sensationalistic as exaggerations of the reality that they strive to portray as closely as they are able.

Troilus and Criseyde

Troilus and Criseyde is a poem which re-tells in Middle English the tragic story of the lovers Troilus and Criseyde set against a backdrop of war in the Siege of Troy. It was composed using rime royale and probably completed during the mid 1380s. Many Chaucer scholars regard it as the poet's finest work. As a finished long poem it is certainly more self-contained than the better known but ultimately uncompleted Canterbury Tales.

Limerick Poems

Two lines of iambi dimeter followed by two lines of iambic dimeter and another of iambic trimeter Known for humor and whit

Literary Nonfiction is considered what type of writing?

Type of informative writing

Persuasive Texts are what form of writing?

Type of informative writing that Persuades the reader through data analysis. The author produces claims, makes arguments, and hopes the reader will be he is right in the end.

Expository Writing is what type of writing?

Type of informative writing that contains written cues

What are Procedural Texts?

Type of informative writing that gives a step by step guide for the reader

What to consider when you use books as sources

Up to date Historical perspectives apply

Startling information

Used in introductions When you use this information you need to make sure that this information is factual and verifiable.

Summary information

Used in introductions. You do this as you gradually ease the reader into your thesis statement.

Anecdote

Used in introductions. a brief and funny or intriguing story about a real person or event.

first person point of view

Uses I or we

third person point of view

Uses he, she, they, it

second person point of view

Uses you Typically not seen in formal writing.

author's main point

What

Perception

What you thought about it

Sympbolism

When an object is used to represent a deeper meaning.

The Second Coming (1920)

Written by William Yeats Apocalyptic poem that reflects his belief that his times were the anarchic end of the Christian cycle: W What rough beast, its hour come round at last/slouches toward Bethlehem to be born.

Jerusalem ["And did those feet in ancient time"] And did those feet in ancient time Walk upon Englands mountains green: And was the holy Lamb of God, On Englands pleasant pastures seen! And did the Countenance Divine, Shine forth upon our clouded hills? And was Jerusalem builded here, Among these dark Satanic Mills? Bring me my Bow of burning gold: Bring me my arrows of desire: Bring me my Spear: O clouds unfold! Bring me my Chariot of fire! I will not cease from Mental Fight, Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand: Till we have built Jerusalem, In Englands green & pleasant Land

William Blake

Milton And did those feet in ancient time Walk upon England's mountains green? And was the holy Lamb of God On England's pleasant pastures seen? And did the Countenance Divine Shine forth upon our clouded hills? And was Jerusalem builded here Among these dark Satanic Mills? Bring me my bow of burning gold! Bring me my arrows of desire! Bring me my spear! O clouds, unfold! Bring me my chariot of fire! I will not cease from mental fight, Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand, Till we have built Jerusalem In England's green and pleasant land.

William Blake

The Book of Thel The daughters of Mne Seraphim led round their sunny flocks. All but the youngest; she in paleness sought the secret air. To fade away like morning beauty from her mortal day: Down by the river of Adona her soft voice is heard: And thus her gentle lamentation falls like morning dew. O life of this our spring! why fades the lotus of the water? Why fade these children of the spring? born but to smile & fall. Ah! Thel is like a watry bow. and like a parting cloud. Like a reflection in a glass. like shadows in the water. Like dreams of infants. like a smile upon an infants face, Like the doves voice, like transient day, like music in the air; Ah! gentle may I lay me down, and gentle rest my head, And gentle sleep the sleep of death. and gentle hear the voice Of him that walketh in the garden in the evening time. The Lilly of the valley breathing in the humble grass Answer'd the lovely maid and said: I am a watry weed, And I am very small, and love to dwell in lowly vales; So weak, the gilded butterfly scarce perches on my head. Yet I am visited from heaven and he that smiles on all. Walks in the valley. and each morn over me spreads his hand Saying, rejoice thou humble grass, thou new-born lilly flower, Thou gentle maid of silent valleys. and of modest brooks; For thou shalt be clothed in light, and fed with morning manna: Till summers heat melts thee beside the fountains and the springs To flourish in eternal vales: then why should Thel complain, Why should the mistress of the vales of Har, utter a sigh. She ceasd & smild in tears, then sat down in her silver shrine. Thel answered. O thou little virgin of the peaceful valley. Giving to those that cannot crave, the voiceless, the o'ertired. Thy breath doth nourish the innocent lamb, he smells thy milky garments, He crops thy flowers. while thou sittest smiling in his face, Wiping his mild and meekin mouth from all contagious taints. Thy wine doth purify the golden honey, thy perfume, Which thou dost scatter on every little blade of grass that springs, Revives the milked cow, & tames the fire-breathing steed. But Thel is like a faint cloud kindled at the rising sun: I vanish from my pearly throne, and who shall find my place?" "Queen of the vales," the Lily answered, "ask the tender cloud, And it shall tell thee why it glitters in the morning sky, And why it scatters its bright beauty thro' the humid air. Descend, O little cloud, & hover before the eyes of Thel." The Cloud descended, and the Lily bowd her modest head, And went to mind her numerous charge among the verdant grass. II "O little Cloud," the virgin said, "I charge thee tell to me, Why thou complainest not when in one hour thou fade away: Then we shall seek thee but not find; ah, Thel is like to Thee. I pass away, yet I complain, and no one hears my voice." The Cloud then shew'd his golden head & his bright form emerg'd, Hovering and glittering on the air before the face of Thel. "O virgin, know'st thou not our steeds drink of the golden springs Where Luvah doth renew his horses? Look'st thou on my youth, And fearest thou because I vanish and am seen no more, Nothing remains? O maid, I tell thee, when I pass away, It is to tenfold life, to love, to peace, and raptures holy: Unseen descending, weigh my light wings upon balmy flowers, And court the fair eyed dew, to take me to her shining tent: The weeping virgin trembling kneels before the risen sun, Till we arise link'd in a golden band, and never part, But walk united, bearing food to all our tender flowers." "Dost thou O little Cloud? I fear that I am not like thee; For I walk through the vales of Har and smell the sweetest flowers, But I feed not the little flowers; I hear the warbling birds, But I feed not the warbling birds; they fly and seek their food; But Thel delights in these no more, because I fade away, And all shall say, 'Without a use this shining woman liv'd, Or did she only live to be at death the food of worms?'" The Cloud reclind upon his airy throne and answer'd thus: "Then if thou art the food of worms, O virgin of the skies, How great thy use, how great thy blessing! Every thing that lives Lives not alone, nor for itself; fear not, and I will call The weak worm from its lowly bed, and thou shalt hear its voice. Come forth, worm of the silent valley, to thy pensive queen." The helpless worm arose, and sat upon the Lily's leaf, And the bright Cloud saild on, to find his partner in the vale. III Then Thel astonish'd view'd the Worm upon its dewy bed. "Art thou a Worm? Image of weakness, art thou but a Worm? I see thee like an infant wrapped in the Lily's leaf; Ah, weep not, little voice, thou can'st not speak, but thou can'st weep. Is this a Worm? I see thee lay helpless & naked, weeping, And none to answer, none to cherish thee with mother's smiles." The Clod of Clay heard the Worm's voice, & raisd her pitying head; She bow'd over the weeping infant, and her life exhal'd In milky fondness; then on Thel she fix'd her humble eyes. "O beauty of the vales of Har! we live not for ourselves; Thou seest me the meanest thing, and so I am indeed; My bosom of itself is cold, and of itself is dark, But he that loves the lowly, pours his oil upon my head, And kisses me, and binds his nuptial bands around my breast, And says: 'Thou mother of my children, I have loved thee And I have given thee a crown that none can take away.' But how this is, sweet maid, I know not, and I cannot know; I ponder, and I cannot ponder; yet I live and love." The daughter of beauty wip'd her pitying tears with her white veil, And said: "Alas! I knew not this, and therefore did I weep. That God would love a Worm, I knew, and punish the evil foot That, wilful, bruis'd its helpless form; but that he cherish'd it With milk and oil I never knew; and therefore did I weep, And I complaind in the mild air, because I fade away, And lay me down in thy cold bed, and leave my shining lot." "Queen of the vales," the matron Clay answered, "I heard thy sighs, And all thy moans flew o'er my roof, but I have call'd them down. Wilt thou, O Queen, enter my house? 'tis given thee to enter And to return: fear nothing, enter with thy virgin feet." IV The eternal gates' terrific porter lifted the northern bar: Thel enter'd in & saw the secrets of the land unknown. She saw the couches of the dead, & where the fibrous roots Of every heart on earth infixes deep its restless twists: A land of sorrows & of tears where never smile was seen. She wanderd in the land of clouds thro' valleys dark, listning Dolours & lamentations; waiting oft beside a dewy grave, She stood in silence, listning to the voices of the ground, Till to her own grave plot she came, & there she sat down, And heard this voice of sorrow breathed from the hollow pit: "Why cannot the Ear be closed to its own destruction? Or the glistning Eye to the poison of a smile? Why are Eyelids stord with arrows ready drawn, Where a thousand fighting men in ambush lie? Or an Eye of gifts & graces, show'ring fruits and coined gold? Why a Tongue impress'd with honey from every wind? Why an Ear, a whirlpool fierce to draw creations in? Why a Nostril wide inhaling terror, trembling, and affright? Why a tender curb upon the youthful burning boy? Why a little curtain of flesh on the bed of our desire?" The Virgin started from her seat, & with a shriek Fled back unhinderd till she came into the vales of Har.

William Blake

from The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: The Argument Rintrah roars and shakes his fires in the burdened air; Hungry clouds swag on the deep. Once meek, and in a perilous path, The just man kept his course along The vale of death. Roses are planted where thorns grow, And on the barren heath Sing the honey bees. Then the perilous path was planted: And a river and a spring On every cliff and tomb; And on the bleached bones Red clay brought forth. Till the villain left the paths of ease, To walk in perilous paths, and drive The just man into barren climes. Now the sneaking serpent walks In mild humility, And the just man rages in the wilds Where lions roam. Rintrah roars and shakes his fires in the burdened air; Hungry clouds swag on the deep.

William Blake

English Romantic Poets

William Blake William Wordsworth Samuel Coleridge Lord Byron Percy Shelley John Keats

The Solitary Reaper Behold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland Lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! for the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound. No Nightingale did ever chauntMore welcome notes to weary bandsOf travellers in some shady haunt,Among Arabian sands:A voice so thrilling ne'er was heardIn spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,Breaking the silence of the seasAmong the farthest Hebrides. Will no one tell me what she sings?—Perhaps the plaintive numbers flowFor old, unhappy, far-off things,And battles long ago:Or is it some more humble lay,Familiar matter of to-day?Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,That has been, and may be again? Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sangAs if her song could have no ending;I saw her singing at her work,And o'er the sickle bending;—I listen'd, motionless and still;And, as I mounted up the hill,The music in my heart I bore,Long after it was heard no more. This poem is in the public domain.

William Wordsworth

The Rape of the Lock

Written by Alexander Pope. The theft of a lock of hair from a young woman is blown out of proportion. The Poem's characters regard it as seriously as they would a rape.

Daphnis and Chloe

Written by Greek novelist Longus around the second or third century. Influenced Elizabethan pastoral romances.

Gulliver's Travels

Written by Jonathon Swift Satirized petty political disputes

A Modest Proposal

Written by Jonathon Swift Swift used essay form and mock-serious tone, satirically proposing cannibalism of babies and children as a solution to poverty and overpopulation.

A Tale of a Tub

Written by Jonathon Swift, satirized British society, politics, and religion.

Novel of Manners

a novel focusing on and describing the social customs and habits of a particular time and place. The manners of a particular society are shorter-lived and more varied; this novel captures these societal details.

What is a Review?

a text that is used to describe the quality of something. Should include the following: A short, concise summary and your perception of the wor

Portfolio Assessment

a type of authentic assessment; samples of different work products gathered over time and across curriculum areas are evaluated

The classical definition of comedy, as included in Aristole's works...

any work that tells the story of a sympathetic main character's rise in fortune.

Medieval Christians

appreciated Greek and Latin Stoic philosophies for their assigning more importance to spiritual virtues than material.

Primary sources

are derived directly from the topic with no intermediation. Some examples would be: diaries, eyewitness accounts, videos, letters, legislative documents, and experimental data.

Dame Judi Dench began his career?

as a modern actor in mystery plays

The Parlement of Foules

by Geoffrey Chaucer; narrates that Roman senator and dreams his grandfather visits him and escorts him to heaven, a dream vision on the nature of the universe; first ref to Valentines Day for lovers; dreams often incorporate real sounds just before waking. one of Chaucer's shorter dream visions in verse, written sometime around 1381 and possibly taking the matrimonial wooing of Anne of Bohemia by the adolescent King Richard II and others as inspiration for an imaginative romp around the medieval universe. Chaucer is taken into the sky - so he dreams - by Scipio Africanus, the Roman general who conquered Carthage at the end of the third century BC, and shown a pagan heaven that anticipates much that belongs to the Christian era, although with one or two strange twists. The goddess Nature has great authority here, perhaps curiously, and all the birds have come before her to choose their mates for the coming year; all the birds on the Earth, that is. Has Chaucer taken us from the heavens back to the Earth again without telling us, in a circular motion that he seems to hint at also in the House of Fame? Or is he implying that heaven and Earth are one and the same? The Parliament of Fowls can be found in fourteen manuscript sources and in numerous printed editions of the works of Geoffrey Chaucer.

Vernacular means?

conversational languare

According to Aristotle, protagonists needed not be ....

heroic or exemplary, but should be ordinary people

Bildungsroman

is German for education novel

Connotation

is the literal meaning of a word along with the emotions associated with the word. the subjective meaning of a word, or relative to an individual's experience.

literal language

language that means exactly what it says

Story/Plot

pattern of events in the author's mind Imaginary

Affixes

prefixes and suffixes

Chronological Order

presents information in sequence or in the order in which it happens

By the time of the Renaissance, Shakespeare and other dramatists wrote plays that mixed?

prose, rhymed verse, and blank verse

What is a Topic

the word or phrase that everything in a text refers back to.

What did Thackeray and Dickens incorporate into their work?

sentimental elements even though they were non-sentimental novelists.

Introduction

serves three main purposes: It engages your audience, it gives context for your arguments, and it presents a thesis statement

Body Paragraphs

should follow the thesis statement of a composition. Contains supporting ideas, details, and arguments. should express a single supporting support your thesis statement without specifically restating it. Should simply develop, expand, and refine the thesis.

Types of figurative language

simile, metaphor, extended metaphor, idiom, personification, and hyperbole

Summary

something kind of short in your own words.

Shakespeare is considered to be?

the foremost dramatist in world literature and the greatest author to write in the English language.

Samuel Clemens a.k.a. Mark Twain skillfully represented what in Huckleberry Finn?

the language and the culture of lower-class Mississippi

third person objective

the narrator is not a character in the story and reports only what can be seen and heard.

third person omniscient

the narrator knows all of the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in a work

third person limited

the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character

Coherence

the overall understanding of the text. Is the main idea easy to understand? Can readers make out your supporting points? Does your writing make sense? This answers yes to all these questions.

lay means?

to make something lie down or to sit

Epistolary Novels

told in the form of letters written by their characters rather than in narrative form.

What is satire?

uses sarcasm, irony, and/or humor as social criticism to lampoon human folly.