OSS - Pathology - 8 anatomical variants

A very common abnormality presenting as a short, thick lingual frenum that limits tongue movement - more common in men! Treatment usually not necessary, but frenectomy can be done after age 4-5.

Ankyloglossia - what is, when/in who do we see it? Treatment?

Similar to tori, outgrowths of bone but symmetrical and on the buccal aspect of the maxilla and mandible.

Extoses

Cracked/grooved appearance of dorsal tongue. No treatment required, but encourage patient to brush their tongue more often.

Fissured Tongue - what is, treatment

Normal Sebaceous glands on buccal and lip mucosa, in 80% adults after puberty. No treatment indicated, not malignant.

Fordyce Granules - what are they? When/in who are they seen? treatment?

"erythema migrans," "Migratory glossitis" - a benign white/yellow appearance to the tongue that changes and shifts. Can appear places other than the tongue!

Geographic Tongue

Coated appearance to tongue due to keratin accumulation usually on filiform papillae, may appear white or discolored

Hairy Tongue

General opalescence/white appearance of mucosa, commonly the buccal. Seen in Black individuals and those who smoke, and goes away when the tissue is stretched.

Leukoedema, what is, when/in who do we see this, how to identify

A very common abnormality presenting as a linear white plaque along the buccal mucosa on the occlusal plane. Seen in those with bruxism/grinding.

Linear Alba - what is? When do we see/in whom?

A very common abnormality presenting as a line in the cheek due to cheek biting. Presents as a whitish, broken-up appearance to the epithelium

Morsicatio

Orange: epiglottis Green: Foliate papillae Pink: Palatine tonsils Red: Fungiform papillae Yellow: Foramen Cecum Grey: Lingual Tonsil Brown: Circumvallate papilla

Orange: Green: Pink: Red: Yellow: Grey: Brown:

More likely in patients with darker skin, can be anywhere in the mouth, no treatment indicated.

Physiologic pigmentation

Higher in Asian and Inuit populations, no treatment needed unless to recontour for dental prostheses.

Prevalence of tori/Exostoses, and recommended treatment:

nodules on lingual gingiva of mandibular canines - "tissue tags." Some disappear with age, no treatment indicated. Can appear as a giant cell fibroma (connective tissue) on histology

Retrocuspid Papilla - what is, indicated treatment/course. Appear as ____ on histology

Fordyce Granules

This image shows

Outgrowth of bone, on lingual (palatal or on gums)

Tori

Tori - Outgrowth of bone on the mandible, lingual of the canine and pre-molars

Torus Mandibularis

Tori (outgrowth of bone) on the midline

Torus Palatinus

Or varices, prominent veins often on on ventral and lateral tongue, sometimes also on buccal and lip mucosa - often in adults over 60.

Varicosities, what are they, when/in who do you see them

Yellow: Incisive Papilla Red: Rugae Blue: junction of hard/soft palate Grey: Palatine fovea Pink: maxillary tuberosity

Yellow: Red: Blue: Grey: Pink

Leukoedema

this disappears with stretching

Extoses, becasue they are bony outgrowths on the buccal side (also central diastema)

this image shows

sebaceous glands - fordyce granules

you find this in the mouth, it's likely