OT Poetry and Prophecy Exam 3

What did Jeremiah specifically prophesy regarding the Babylonian captivity (25:11,12; 29:10)?

Exile will be for 70 years and then he will take them back home because of the unconditional love.

What is the significance of the title of the book?

Expresses the form and contents - it is a funeral lament over the destruction of Jeru.

The author was an obvious ____________ to the destruction of Jerusalem.

Eye-witness

Who probably wrote the book of Lamentations?

Jeremiah

What was Jeremiah's objection to God's call, and what was God's response (1:6-8, 17-19)?

Jeremiah said "I do not know how to speak, for I am only a youth" But God responded by assuring Jeremiah that God will deliver him through it all. Jeremiah is to follow all things God commands.

How did Jeremiah compare to Hosea regarding a wife and children?

Jeremiah was told not to marry and raise children, but like Hosea, this was for a prophetic symbolism.

What is the period of time envisioned in chapter 7-12 called in Luke 21:24?

Jerusalem being trampled by Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled

How does this book (and Jeremiah himself) prefigure Jesus (Matt 23:37-39)?

Jesus was sorrowful over Jerusalem as well, as that Matt text indicates. Jeremiah also wept over Jerusalem and its destruction.

What prompted the four messages in chapter 7-8?

Jews have a question regarding the observance of the four annual feasts.

What in Ezekiel 36 corresponds to what in Jeremiah 31?

Take heart for the remnant (remaining) will be restored.

What is the unusual thing that God tells his people to do in 3:10?

Tells them to all tithe

What is the pivotal date with regard to the stages of Jeremiah's ministry? What was significant about that date?

605: the Babylonians took over.

To what nation was this prophecy delivered? Why?

Edom because of the destruction of it.

Where is the book found in the Hebrew canon?

In the Writings (the three divisions are the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings)

What does "Malachi" mean?

My messenger

Jeremiah is known as the w___ing prophet. Why?

"Weeping prophet" b/c of his grief over what would and did happen to his people and nation.

What is the suggested significance of the name "Jeremiah"?

"Yahweh establishes or appoints", a reference to Jeremiah's divine appointment as a prophet even before his birth.

What are the two key phrases of the book?

1. "they (you) shall know that I am Yahweh" said 60= times. 2. "the glory of Yahweh"

Malachi's unique style is: 1st - an acc___ or aff___ ; 2nd - an o____ ; 3rd - a r___.

1. An accusation or affirmation 2. An objection 3. A refutation of the objection

What are the common characteristics of the 8 visions in chapters 1-6?

1. Apocalyptic in nature 2. All come in one night 3. Usually begin with the word "Then I lift my eyes and I looked..." 4. Generally interpreted by an angel 5. Basically refer to God's future judgment

What are the four empires that are portrayed in various dreams and images in this book?

1. Babylonia 2. Medo-Persia 3. Greece 4. Rome

How were these symbolically portrayed in the dreams or images (parts of the statue or animals)?

1. Babylonia = head of gold; lion 2. Medo-Persia = chest and arms of silver; bear 3. Greece =belly and thighs of bronze; leopard 4. Rome = legs of iron/ feet of clay and iron; terrifying and frightening beast

What are the characteristics of the two major divisions of Zechariah?

1. Dated - more present oriented; encouraged to rebuild the temple 2. Undated - more future oriented; anticipation of Messiah's coming.

What are the three possibilities?

1. Early date - 9th century; the early reign of King Joash 2. Middle date - 7th century; during the Babylon period 3. Late date - 6th century; after the rebuilding of the temple in the postexilic period

Chapters 9-14 generally have to do with what?

1. Events leading up to and including the first coming of Christ 2. The Second coming of Christ to deliver his people and to reign over his kingdom

What are the themes of the book of Daniel? (4)

1. God blesses the faithful. 2. God humbles the arrogant. (Ch. 1-6 shows how the people of God should live during hostile times). 3. God is sovereign over all nations and all times. 4. God's kingdom will replace all human kingdoms and will be eternal.

What are the themes of the book of Obadiah? (2)

1. God will judge those who abuse his covenant people (Edomites). 2. This will result in the deliverance and restoration of his covenant people.

What are the themes of the book of Ezekiel? (4)

1. God's people are utterly sinful and deserve God's judgment 2. God's people should be comforted by knowing that God would restore them after his judgment. Ezekiel focuses on the spiritual restoration of Israel - he was a priest and the book shows a concern for the priesthood, the temple, and sacrifices. 3. God's presence is symbolized by the temple. 4. God's sovereignty is over all nations and all times.

What are the 3 interpretations of the fulfillment of this promise?

1. Herod the Great expansion of the 2nd temple and Jesus presence there. 2. The church and individual Christians as the temple of God 3. The future temple of Messianic Kingdom

What are the themes of the book of Jeremiah? (4)

1. Judah's unfaithfulness to God will result in imminent judgment. 2. Nevertheless, repentance is still appropriate. 3. Even though God's judgment is certain, so is his restoration of his people, including a new covenant (assurance of hope). 4. God's sorrow with regard to his sinful people and judgment of them is reflected by Jeremiah himself (Laments).

What are the issues involved in the dating of the book?

1. No king is mentioned, but priest and elders are. 2. The temple is operating and Jerusalem has walls 3. What does 3:1-3 describe? - Judgment 4. Is it significant that there are no references to Israel or Samaria?

The book of Ezekiel is characterized by what four things?

1. Orderliness and arrangement 2. Symbolic acts or "signs" 3. Symbolic Stories or allegories 4. Visions

What are the themes of Zechariah?

1. The Jews who had returned to the Land needed to finish rebuilding the temple 2. For God's people, the future is glorious

What are the themes of Haggai?

1. The Jews who had returned to the Land needed to finish rebuilding the temple 2. God will not bless wrong priorities; he will bless obedience 3. For God's people, the future is glorious

What are the themes of Malachi?

1. The Jews who had returned to the Land were guilty of moral and spiritual apathy 2. If repentance did not come, God's judgment would 3. Ultimately, God will remember his covenant promises and bless his covenant people

According to the view presented in class, what two events took place after the 69th Week of Daniel 9 (vv. 25-26)?

1. The Messiah will be cut off and have nothing. 2. The people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and sanctuary (with a flood, and war; desolation are determined).

What are the themes of the book of Joel?

1. The day of the Lord is certain 2. Repentance is crucial

What does each of the first six chapters illustrate?

1. The faithfulness of Daniel and his friends to God against their hostile culture 2. God's sovereignty over history, kings, and empires 3. faithfulness to God and God's protection of those who are faithful 4. God's sovereignty over arrogant human kings 5. God will not tolerate unrighteous rulers 6. Faithfulness to God and God's protection of those who are faithful to him.

What are its themes? (4)

1. The judgment of God is a terrible thing. 2. The appropriate response is sorrow, regret, and humbly asking God for forgiveness. 3. God is just but also compassionate and faithful. 4. Honestly before God with regard to our true emotions is divinely sanctioned.

What is the New Covenant, and where is it found in Jeremiah (chapter only)? 1. Is it conditional or unconditional? 2. What does God promise in it? 3. How does it relate to the Mosaic Covenant? 4. How does it relate to Jesus? 5. How does this apply to us as Christians?

31 1. Unconditional 2. God promises his people to put his laws in their hearts; to be their God; to forgive them. 3. New Covenant replaces Mosaic Covenant 4. New Covenant was put into effect by Jesus Christ. Jesus' teaching could replaced the old. 5. The New Covenant means that we are no longer bound by the Mosaic Covenant.

How does Haggai fit into the postexilic chronology?

520 BC: returned with the first group of exilees

What is the pivotal year for Ezekiel's prophecies and why?

586 because it switches to prophecies that comfort God's people.

When was Ezekiel taken into captivity?

597 BC

In what year was Daniel taken into exile?

605 BC

According to the view presented in class, what event will take place during the 70th Week of Daniel 9 (vv. 26-27)?

7 year tribulation period. There will be a repeat of Antiochus Epiphanes when he sacrificed an unclean animal (pig) in the temple. A week long covenant will be made, and then more desolation.

What is the form of the book?

Acrostic poem

Where is Joel 2:28-32 quoted in the NT? Was it completely fulfilled in the 1st century (as presented in class)?

Acts 2:17-21: partially fulfilled on the Day of Pentecost, will be fullfilled by the second coming of Christ

Chapters 7-12 are an early example of a_____ literature.

Apocalyptic

What are its characteristics?

Apocalyptic visions

Daniel's entire prophetic ministry took place in what location?

Babylon

Why do critics attack the fact that Daniel wrote this book in the 6th century BC? What is their alternative conclusion?

Because of the highly detailed and accurate predictions in chapters 7-12. 1. This book was written in the 2nd century BC after most of these "predictions" had already been "fulfilled" - they were history. 2. This book was not written by Daniel, but rather is synonymous - Daniel's name was deceptively attached to it.

What is the significance of 1:5 regarding Jeremiah's call as a prophet?

Before Jeremiah even existed he was called to be a prophet.

What was the emphasis of Jeremiah's prophecies before the fall of Judah to the Babylonians and after that event?

Before: The imminent judgment of God through the Babylonians. After: The need to submit to the judgment of God through the Babylonians.

Chapter 3 contains an example of c____ d_____ . To what does this term refer?

Civil disobedience; when legitimate authority makes law that causes people to disobey God if obeyed.

Daniel is different from most Hebrew prophets in that he did not speak d____ly to the Jews, but rather indirectly through what he wrote

Directly

What were the two options regarding the dating of this book and the general historical setting of each (not the evidence for each)?

Early date: 9th c. BC around 840-830. Link during the reign of King Jehoram of Judah (853-841), when Arabs and Philistines attacked Jeru shortly after the revolt by Edom. Late date: 6th c. BC around 586. Link between Obadiah and the Babylonian attack and plunder of Jeru in 586 BC.

What vision is associated with this (ch. 37)?

Ezekiel's statement of the New Covenant

For what generally (v. 3) and specifically (vv. 10, 11) was Obadiah condemning them?

General sin = their pride Specific sin = violence done to Jacob (the covenant people).

Who is the "Ancient of Days" of Daniel 7:9

God

What brought this period to a close?

God spoke to Zachariah

Daniel is characterized by the phrase " g_____ l_____ " (9:23; 10:11, 19, ESV).

Greatly loved

How does Zechariah fit into the postexilic chronology?

He accompanied the first group of exiles to return to the Land. He was called to his prophetic ministry in 520 BC.

What was Zechariah's temporal orientation regarding the temple and why?

He had a more future orientation because they needed to rebuild the temple in order to be ready for the glorious future that God had planned for them (coming of the Messiah).

What was Haggai's temporal orientation regarding the temple and why?

He had more of a present orientation because they needed to rebuild the temple for their own spiritual well-being at that time.

How are references to Zerubbabel in ch. 2 probably to be understood?

He is a type of Messiah

What happens as a part of Ezekiel's first vision of Jerusalem (chs. 8-11)?

He points out the sin of Jerusalem and the departure of the glory of God from the temple.

How is Haggai unique among prophets in terms of response to his message?

He was one of the few OT prophets to experience any kind of "success" in his ministry, in terms of positive, immediate response.

Daniel chapters 1-6 are primarily h___ events.

Historical

Who were the Edomites (descendants of _____) and where was Edom located?

Idumeans. Located in the area southeast of the Dead Sea, a rocky, mountainous area known as Mount Seir.

What are chapters 11-20 known as and why?

Judgment of Jer - struggles and complaints of Jer

How does Malachi fit into the postexilic chronology?

Malachi ministered during the days of Nehemiah (433-425 BC) coincide with the revival under Nehemiah.

Zechariah has many M_____ prophecies.

Messianic

What other significant event took place on the day that Ezekiel's wife died?

Nebuchadnezzar laid siege to Jerusalem

What event coincides with chapter 33?

News of the fall of Jerusalem; focus becomes the hope of future restoration

What is the curse of Jehoiachin (22:28-30)? How does this apply to Jesus and the unconditional Davidic Covenant?

None of his descendants shall sit on the throne; it makes it necessary for Jesus to have been passed the title instead of inheriting it.

What is the genre of this book?

Poetry

Daniel looked forward to the p____ restoration of Israel. How is this related to his vocation?

Political; He was a statesman (worked in government)

What nation was this prophecy about? Why?

Prophesied against Edom because they abused the covenant people (Jacob)

Daniel chapters 7-12 are primarily p___ events.

Prophetic

Following Malachi comes the 400 s___ years.

Silent

What is the significance of "son of man" in Daniel 7:13, especially with regard to Jesus?

Son of man means that he is son, man, and god (Trinity). He is the Messiah.

Ezekiel looked forward to the s___ restoration of Israel.

Spiritual

What is the difference in tone between chapters 4-24 and 33-48?

Starts out as condemnation, turns to consolation/comfort

What is unique about chapters 2-7 in terms of language and form?

Symbolic language, apocalyptic in form

What are the two interpretational approaches to chapters 40-48 and the reasons for each?

Symbolically: 1. There is no longer any need for animal sacrifices because of the perfect and final sacrifice of Christ 2. According to Revelation 21:22, there will be no temple in the New Jerusalem Literally: 1. There is great detail here, which seems odd if its only symbolic 2. The animal sacrifices prophesied may be memorial in nature, looking back on the perfect and final sacrifice of Christ 3. There will indeed be no temple in the New Jerusalem of the early Messianic kingdom before the eternal state.

Ezekiel's first vision is associated with what event (chs. 1-3)?

The calling of a prophet. God calls us to serve him in faithfulness, not in "success"

What is the common biblical term in Joel and the other prophets for God's ultimate judgment (1:15; 2:1, 11, 31, etc.)?

The day of the Lord

What is the content of chapter 52, and why was it probably added to this book (as suggested in class)?

The fall of Jerusalem. It was proof of Jer's prophecies. (2 Kings 4:18-25:30)

Chapters 40-48 describe what?

The future Messianic kingdom

In Ezekiel's second vision of Jerusalem (chs. 40-43), what does the glory of God do in relation to the temple?

The glory of God leaves the temple.

What did God promise with regard to the glory of the Temple (2:9)?

The glory of the new house will be greater than the glory of the old one.

How is Zechariah unique among prophets in terms of response to his message?

The people actually listen to him for once.

What problem did Haggai deal with in chapter 1?

The people did not have spiritual things as a priority.

What was the peoples' response?

The people got back to work on the temple.

What was the catastrophe that had just happened that Joel used as an illustration of God's judgment (1:4)?

The plague of Locusts

How did the Babylonian rulers do this?

They banned all praying.

How did Daniel and his three friends do this?

They become vegetarians to stay faithful to God.

How is this book used by orthodox Jews today?

They continue to read this book at the Western Wall (Wailing Wall).

What was Obadiah's prophecy concerning them (vv. 10, 18)?

They will be destroyed entirely.

How is the book of Jeremiah probably arranged? How was it certainly not arranged?

Topically. Not Chronological

When was this body of literature written and why?

Written in 605 BC; To reveal God's sovereign plan for the time between the exile

What is the historical significance of its writing (regarding the city of Jerusalem)?

Written soon after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC.

With Malachi, the Hebrew canon was considered __________.

closed