OXYGEN

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has asthma and new prescriptions for cromolyn and albuterol, both by nebulizer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "If my breathing begins to feel tight, I will use the cromolyn immediately." B. "I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the cromolyn." C. "I will use both medications immediately after exercising." D. "I will administer the medications 10 minutes apart."

"I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the cromolyn." The client should always use the bronchodilator (albuterol) prior to using the leukotriene modifier (cromolyn). Using the bronchodilator first allows the airways to be opened, ensuring that the maximum dose of medication will get to the client's lungs.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client about smoking cessation. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further education? A. "I will test my ability to quit smoking by going to the bar where I used to smoke." B. "I will distract myself by working on my woodworking hobby." C. "I will call someone I know who has quit if I develop the urge to have a cigarette." D. "I will keep a journal to understand what is triggering the urge to smoke."

"I will test my ability to quit smoking by going to the bar where I used to smoke. "The client who returns to areas where the desire to smoke is the greatest is more likely to relapse and should need further education.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who requires home oxygen therapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as as indication that the client needs further teaching? A. "I will be able to tell how much oxygen I'm getting by looking at the flowmeter." B. "I should call my doctor if I find it harder to concentrate." C. "I will make sure my visitors smoke outside." D. "I will wear synthetic clothing and woolen socks when using my oxygen."

"I will wear synthetic clothing and woolen socks when using my oxygen." Woolen and synthetic materials can generate static electricity. Because oxygen is a flammable gas, the client should wear cotton clothing and use cotton bedding and blankets.

A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is to start using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to treat asthma. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the oropharynx." B. "The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the lungs." C. "Inhale rapidly using the spacer with the MDI." D. "Cover exhalation slots of the spacer with lips when inhaling."

"The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the lungs." The client uses a spacer to increase the amount of medication that reaches the lungs.

A nurse is preparing to administer dextromethorphan 30 mg PO. The amount of available is dextromethorphan oral liquid 7.5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?

20

A nurse is preparing to administer diphenhydramine 30 mg IM stat to a client who is having an allergic reaction. Available is diphenhydramine 50mg/1mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?

0.6

A charge nurse is planning a room assignment for a client who has a productive cough, a questionable chest x-ray, and a positive Mantoux test. Room 208 is a private, negative-pressure airflow room; room 212 is a semi-private, positive-pressure airflow room; 214 is a negative-pressure, semi-private room; and room 216 is a private, positive-pressure airflow room. To which of the following rooms should the nurse assign the client? A. 208 B. 212 C. 214 D. 216

208 A client who has or might have tuberculosis requires airborne precautions. That means a private room with negative-pressure airflow. Room 208 is the only one of these options that fits these requirements.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. The nurse recognizes the client is receiving which of the following inspired oxygen concentration? A. 28% B. 36% C. 50% D. 70%

?28% The nurse should recognize that a flow rate of 2 L/min via nasal cannula delivers an oxygen concentration of about 28%.

A charge nurse is reviewing guidelines for initiating airborne precautions. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as requiring airborne precautions? A. A client who has scabies B. A client who has pertussis C. A client who has streptococcal pharyngitis D. A client who has measles

A client who has measles A client who has measles requires airborne precautions as well as a negative pressure room.

A nurse is caring for a female client in the ED who reports SOB and pain in the lung area. She states that she started taking BC pills 3 weeks ago and that she smokes. Her HR is 110/min, RR 40/min, and BP 140/80 mm Hg. Her ABG are pH 7.50, PaCO2 29 mm Hg, PaO2 60 mm Hg, HCO3 20 mEq/L, and SaO2 86%. Which of the following is the priority nursing intervention? Prepare for mechanical ventilation. Administer oxygen via face mask. Prepare to administer a sedative. Assess for indications of pulmonary embolism.

Administer oxygen via face mask. The pH reflects alkalosis, and the low PaCO2 indicates that the lungs are involved, so the client has respiratory alkalosis. The client's oxygen saturation is low, so one priority is to administer oxygen via mask attempting to achieve an oxygen saturation of at least 95%. The greatest risk to this client is hypoxia, thus the priority is to restore oxygenation.

A home health nurse visits a client who has COPD and receives oxygen at 2L/min via nasal cannula. The client reports difficulty breathing. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority? A. Increase the oxygen flow to 3 L/min. B. Assess the client's respiratory status. C. Call emergency services for the client. D. Have the client cough and expectorate secretions.

Assess the client's respiratory status. The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to collect data from the client. The nurse should immediately assess the client's respiratory status before determining the appropriate interventions.

A nurse is assessing a client who is 2 days postop and auscultates a bilateral breath sounds, but absent breath sounds in the bases. The nurse should suspect which of the following postop complications? Atelectasis Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism Arterial thrombus

Atelectasis Atelectasis is an incomplete alveolar expansion or collapse. Breath sounds are dull or absent over areas of alveolar collapse.

A nurse is caring for a child who has a tracheostomy. After suctioning the tracheostomy, the nurse should use which of the following findings to determine that the procedure was effective? Increased respiratory rate Stable oxygen saturation Clear breath sounds Brisk capillary refill

Clear breath sounds Clear breath sounds indicate that there are no remaining secretions obstructing or potentially obstructing the client's airway.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula. The nurse explains to the client that this method of oxygen delivery does which of the following? A. Delivers a constant rate of a specific concentration of oxygen B. Delivers a high concentration of oxygen C. Delivers a low concentration of oxygen D. Restricts the client's ability to eat, speak, or drink

Delivers a low concentration of oxygen A nasal cannula delivers a relatively low concentration of oxygen (24% to 44%).

A nurse is caring for a client 1 day postop who has developed atelectasis. Which of the following manifestations is an expected finding for this condition? Apnea Dysphagia Hypoxemia Pleural effusion

Hypoxemia The nurse can expect to find the client with hypoxemia, which is decreased oxygenation of the red blood cells and cyanosis due to poor oxygen exchange.

A nurse is auscultating a client's lung sounds and identifies crackles in the left lower lobe. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take? A. Repeat auscultation after asking the client to breathe deeply and cough. B. Instruct the client to limit fluid intake to less than 2,000 mL/day. C. Prepare to administer antibiotics. D. Place the client on bed rest in semi-Fowler's position.

Repeat auscultation after asking the client to breathe deeply and cough. Although crackles often indicate fluid in the alveoli, they can also be the result of positioning or decreased ventilation. They sometimes clear after a deep breath or a cough.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a tracheostomy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement when performing tracheostomy care? A. Use aseptic technique. B. Clean the inner cannula with mild soap and water. C. Secure new tracheostomy ties before removing old ones. D. Apply suction when inserting the catheter.

Secure new tracheostomy ties before removing old ones. Tube dislodgement and accidental decannulation are potential complications of a tracheostomy. Both can be prevented by securing the tube in place. By keeping the old ties in place while applying new ties, the nurse can secure the tube and prevent dislodgement.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client has a new prescription for a metered dose inhaler (MDI). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Shake the inhaler for 3 to 5 seconds. B. Rinse the mouth with mouthwash after inhaling the medication. C. Wait 2 min between inhalations. D. Press down twice on the MDI canister.

Shake the inhaler for 3 to 5 seconds. After fully inserting the canister into the inhaler, the client should shake it vigorously for 3 to 5 seconds to make sure he mixes the medication thoroughly.

A nurse is receiving shift report about a group of assigned clients. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first? A. Ask the provider about advancing a client's diet. B. Reinsert an intravenous catheter that was removed due to infiltration. C. Suction the tracheostomy of a client who has copious secretions. D. Check the laboratory findings of a preoperative client scheduled for surgery later in the shift.

Suction the tracheostomy of a client who has copious secretions. The priority action the nurse should take when using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care is to suction the tracheostomy of a client who has copious secretions to clear the airway.

A nurse is performing tracheostomy care for a client and suctioning to remove copious secretions. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Suction two to three times with a 60-second pause between passes. B. Perform chest physiotherapy prior to suctioning. C. Lubricate the suction catheter tip with sterile saline. D. Hyperventilate the client on 100% oxygen prior to suctioning.

Suction two to three times with a 60-second pause between passes. Copious secretions may require several passes of the suction catheter. An interval of 60 seconds should be allowed between passes to prevent hypoxia.

A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoxia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Bradypnea B. Somnolence C. Pallor D. Tachycardia

Tachycardia The nurse should expect the client who has hypoxia to manifest tachycardia.

A nurse is caring for a client who asks how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. The medication will stimulate flow of mucus. B. The medication will prevent wheezing. C. The medication will open the airways. D. The medication will reduce inflammation. E. The medication will decrease coughing episodes.

The medication will stimulate flow of mucus is incorrect. Expectorants, such as guaifenesin, stimulate the flow of mucous to produce a productive cough. Asthma is characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway edema, and increased mucus production. Albuterol relaxes the airways, allowing for expectoration of mucus. The medication will prevent wheezing is correct. Albuterol is used to prevent or treat wheezing. The medication will open the airways is correct. Albuterol promotes bronchodilation. The primary purpose is to provide rapid relief of bronchoconstriction, thus opening the airway and improving oxygenation. The medication will reduce inflammation is incorrect. Albuterol does not reduce inflammation. Glucocorticoid medications reduce inflammation. The medication will decrease coughing episodes is correct. Coughing is often an early indicator of bronchospasm. Albuterol provides a rapid response to relax smooth muscle and reduce bronchoconstriction, which will decrease coughing.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for home oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? SATA A. Verify the oxygen flow rate every other day. B. Check the cannula position on a regular basis. C. Check the tops of the ears for skin breakdown. D. Post "no smoking" signs in a prominent location in the home. E. Apply petroleum ointment to nares if they become dry and irritated.

Verify the oxygen flow rate every other day is incorrect. The rate of oxygen flow should be checked daily. Check the cannula position on a regular basis is correct. The position of the nasal cannula should be verified every 8 hours or more often if needed. Check the tops of the ears for skin breakdown is correct. The tops of the ears, the nares and the nasal mucous membranes should be assessed regularly for skin breakdown. Post "no smoking" signs in a prominent location in the home is correct. The family is instructed to post "no smoking" signs in a prominent location in the home because oxygen increases the risk of fire injuries. Apply petroleum ointment to nares if they become dry and irritated is incorrect. Protecting the nares is important, but the client should use a water-based lubricant or saline nasal spray to reduce dryness and irritation. Oxygen has a high combustion potential, and petroleum products are combustible.

A nurse is caring for a client who just had a flexible bronchoscopy. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate? A. Withhold food and liquids until the client's gag reflex returns. B. Irrigate the client's throat every 4 hr. C. Have the client refrain from talking for 24 hr. D. Suction the client's oropharynx frequently.

Withhold food and liquids until the client's gag reflex returns. Until the gag reflex returns, and the sedation effects have resolved, the client is at high risk for aspirating food or fluids. Also, oxygen saturation should be checked every 15 min. for 2 hr.

A nurse is reviewing the ABG results of a client who the provider suspects has metabolic acidosis. Which of the following results should the nurse expect to see? pH below 7.35 HCO3 above 26 mEq/L PaO2 below 70 mm Hg PaCO2 above 45 mm Hg

pH below 7.35 With acidosis, the pH is below 7.35. However, the pH alone does not indicate whether the problem is metabolic or respiratory. A pH above 7.45 indicates alkalosis.

A nurse is caring for a client whose arterial blood gas reults show a pH of 7.3 and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg. The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following acid-base imbalances? A. Metabolic acidosis B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis With uncompensated respiratory acidosis, the pH is less than 7.35 and the PaCO2 is greater than 45 mm Hg.

A nurse is teaching a client who will undergo a bronchoscopy procedure. The provider will use a rigid scope and general anesthesia. The nurse should explain that the client's neck will be in which of the following positions? A flexed position An extended position A neutral position A hyperextended position

A hyperextended position Hyperextension brings the pharynx into alignment with the trachea and allows insertion of the scope far enough to adequately view airway structures and obtain tissue samples.

A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia and a prescription for oxygen therapy at 5L/min via nasal cannula. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Attach a humidifier bottle to the base of the flow meter. B. Remove the nasal cannula while the client eats. C. Secure the oxygen tubing to the bed sheet near the client's head. D. Apply petroleum jelly to the nares as needed to soothe mucous membranes.

Attach a humidifier bottle to the base of the flow meter. Oxygen therapy can dry the mucous membranes. The nurse should attach humidification for a client receiving oxygen greater than 4 L/min via nasal cannula.

A nurse is assessing for cyanosis in a client who has dark skin. Which of the following sites should the nurse examine to identify cyanosis in this client? Pinnae of the ears Dorsal surface of the hand Conjunctivae Dorsal surface of the foot

Conjunctivae To assess skin color changes in clients who have dark skin, the nurse should examine body areas with minimal pigmentation, such as the sclerae, soles of the feet, conjunctivae, and mucous membranes.

A nurse is caring for a client who is unconscious and has a breathing pattern characterized by alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea. The nurse should document that the client has which of the following respiratory alterations? A. Kussmaul respirations B. Apneustic respirations C. Cheyne-Stokes respirations D. Stridor

C. Cheyne-Stokes respirations Kussmaul respirations Kussmaul respirations are deep, rapid, regular respirations and are commonly seen in clients who are experiencing metabolic acidosis. Apneustic respirations Apneustic respirations are characterized by a prolonged inspiratory phase alternating with expiratory pauses. Cheyne-Stokes respirations Cheyne-Stokes respirations (CSR) are characterized by a rhythmic increase (to the point of hyperventilation) and decrease (to the point of apnea) in the rate and depth of respiration. CSR are common respiratory alterations seen in clients who are unconscious, comatose, or moribund (approaching death). Stridor Stridor is a continuous, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration in clients who have partial airway obstruction of the larynx or trachea.

A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic respiratory insufficiency. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect as result of the long-term inadequate oxygenation? Restlessness Retractions Dependent edema Clubbing of the fingers

Clubbing of the fingers The nurse should expect the client who has chronic hypoxia or respiratory insufficiency to display clubbing of the fingers and toes. The base of the nail becomes swollen and the ends of the fingers and toes can increase in size.

A nurse is preparing to measure a client's level of oxygen saturation and observes edema of both hands and thickened toe nails. The nurse should apply the pulse oximeter probe to which of the following locations? A. Finger B. Earlobe C. Toe D. Skin fold

Earlobe The earlobe is rarely edematous, is the least affected by decreased blood flow, and has greater accuracy when measuring oxygen saturation.

A nurse is assessing a client who has developed atelectasis postop. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Facial flushing Increasing dyspnea Decreasing respiratory rate Friction rub

Increasing dyspnea The postoperative client is at increased risk for developing atelectasis because of a blunted cough reflex or shallow breathing due to anesthesia, opioids or pain medication. Common manifestations include shortness of breath and pleural pain.

A nurse is assessing a client who has postop atelectasis and is hypoxic. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? Bradycardia Bradypnea Lethargy Intercostal retractions

Intercostal retractions Hypoxia is a condition in which the tissues of the body are oxygen-starved. It follows hypoxemia (low oxygen in the blood) and is manifested as substernal or intercostal retractions as the body works harder to draw more oxygen into the lungs.

A nurse is caring for a client with a tracheostomy. The client's partner has been taught to perform suctioning. Which of the following actions by the partner should indicate to the nurse a readiness for the client's discharge? A. Attending a class given about tracheostomy care B. Verbalizing all steps in the procedure C. Performing the procedure independently D. Asking appropriate questions about suctioning

Performing the procedure independently The nurse should recognize that the client is ready for discharge when the spouse demonstrates an ability to perform the procedure that will need to be performed independently at home.

A nurse is caring for a client who has returned to the unit following a surgical procedure. The client's O2 sat is 85%. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min. B. Administer prescribed analgesic medication. C. Encourage coughing and deep breathing. D. Raise the head of the bed.

Raise the head of the bed. Elevating the head of the bed uses gravity to reduce pressure on the diaphragm from the abdominal organs and allows for increased expansion of the lungs. The head and neck can be extended, which promotes a patent airway. This is the first action the nurse should take and is the least invasive.

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas values for a client. The pH is 7.32, PaCO2 48 mm Hg and the HCO3 is 23 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that these findings indicate of which of the following acid base balances? A. Respiratory acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis A number of conditions can lead to respiratory acidosis, including COPD and pneumonia. In the presence of respiratory acidosis, the client's blood gas values meet the following criteria: a pH less than 7.35, a PaCO2 greater than greater 45 mg/Hg, and a HCO3 that is normal or slightly elevated (22 to 26 mEq/mL).

A client is admitted to the ER with a RR of 7/min. ABG reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGs? pH 7.22 PaCO2 68 mm Hg Base excess -2 PaO2 78 mm Hg Saturation 80% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L

Respiratory acidosis Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is retention of CO2 due to an impairment of respiratory function. It can be the result of respiratory depression, seen with anesthesia or opioid administration; inadequate chest expansion, due to a weakness of the respiratory muscles or constriction to the thorax; an obstruction of the airway, seen in aspiration, bronchoconstriction, or laryngeal edema; or from an inability of the lungs to adequately diffuse gases (O2 and CO2), resulting from conditions such as pneumonia, COPD, chest trauma, or pulmonary emboli. Arterial blood gases will reveal a pH that is lower than the normal reference range (7.35 - 7.45) and a CO2 level that is higher than the normal reference range (35 - 45 mm Hg).

A nurse is preparing to provide tracheostomy care for a client who has a nondisposable tracheostomy tube. Which of the following equipment should the nurse plan to use? A. Sterile cotton balls B. Clean gloves C. Sterile water D. Sterile cotton-tipped applicators E. Sterile basin

Sterile cotton balls is incorrect. The nurse should avoid using sterile cotton balls when providing tracheostomy care as cotton lint can be aspirated by the client. Clean gloves is correct. The nurse will use clean gloves to remove the soiled tracheostomy dressing. Sterile water is incorrect. The nurse will need sterile normal saline to clean the inner cannula and the client's incision site. Sterile cotton-tipped applicators is correct. The nurse will need to use the sterile cotton-tipped applicators to cleanse the tracheostomy site. Sterile basin is correct. The nurse will need a sterile basin to soak the nondisposable inner cannula in

A nurse in a long-term care facility is assisting a client with eating during meal time and recognizes another client indicating he is choking. Which of the following situations requires the nurse to perform the Heimlich maneuver? A. The client has a high-pitched inspiratory stridor. B. The client is able to whisper. C. The client is coughing only. D. The client is not making any sounds.

The client is not making any sounds. When the airway is totally blocked, the client is not able to make any sounds. This finding, along with the client grasping his neck, comprise the universal sign of distress. This requires immediate action and the nurse should perform the Heimlich maneuver at this time.

A nurse is performing chest physiotherapy on a client who has respiratory infection. To increase the velocity and turbulence of the air the client exhales, which of the following techniques should the nurse use? Postural drainage Nebulization Percussion Vibration

Vibration Vibration after percussion, or alternately with percussion, increases the velocity and turbulence of the air the client exhales, while loosening secretions and triggering coughing.

A nurse is auscultating the breath sounds of a client who has asthma. When the client exhales, the nurse hears continuous high-pitched squeaking sounds. The nurse should document this as which of the following adventitious breath sounds? A. Crackles B. Rhonchi C. Stridor D. Wheezes

Wheezes Wheezes are continuous, high-pitched squeaking sounds, first evident on expiration, but possibly evident on inspiration as the airway obstruction of asthma worsens. Wheezes are often audible without a stethoscope.

A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary TB. The client requires airborne precautions and is receiving multidrug therapy. Which of the following precautions should the nurse take to transport the client safely to the radiology department for a chest x-ray? A. Ask the x-ray technician to come to the client's room to obtain a portable x-ray. B. Have the client wear a mask. C. Notify the x-ray department that the client requires airborne precautions. D. Wear a filtration mask and gloves during transport.

Have the client wear a mask. When a client who has a communicable disease must leave his room, it is important to protect everyone with whom the client comes in contact. Having the client wear a mask protects others from airborne particles should the client cough.

A nurse is monitoring a client following a thoracentesis. The nurse should identify which of the following manifestations as a complication and contact the provider immediately? Serosanguineous drainage from the puncture site Discomfort at the puncture site Increased heart rate Decreased temperature

Increased heart rate Clients are at risk for developing pulmonary edema or cardiovascular distress due mediastinal content shift after the aspiration of a large amount of fluid from the client's pleural space. Therefore, the client may experience an increase in heart and respiratory rate, along with coughing with blood-tinged frothy sputum, and tightness in the chest. These findings require notification of the provider immediately.

A nurse is planning the disharge of a client who has sleep apnea and requires bi level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) at night. The nurse should plan to consult with which of the following health care team members to help educate the client? A. Occupational therapist B. Physical therapist C. Respiratory therapist D. Case manager

Respiratory therapist Respiratory therapists help clients learn to use oxygenation and airway management devices, such as BiPAP equipment.

A nurse is preparing to suction a client who has a tracheostomy. Identify the sequence of actions the nurse should take?

Adjust the suction Don sterile gloves. Check the function of the suction catheter. Hyperoxygenate the client.Insert the catheter without suction. Apply intermittent suction while rotating the catheter. Check for secretion clearance. First, the nurse should adjust the suction, then don sterile gloves. Next, the nurse should check the function of the suction catheter by suctioning a small amount of solution into the tubing, then ask a peer to hyperoxygenate the client using a manual resuscitation bag valve mask connected to oxygen. The nurse should insert the suction catheter without suction and then apply suction for no more than 10 seconds while rotating the catheter. Finally, the nurse should assess for clearance of secretions.

A nurse is monitoring an older adult client immediately following a bronchoscopy. The nurse's priority is to monitor the client for which of the following? Observing for confusion Auscultating breath sounds Confirming the gag reflex Measuring blood pressure

Confirming the gag reflex When using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care, the nurse should first assess the client's gag reflex to ensure that the client has an open airway.

A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote thinning of respiratory secretions? A. Encourage the client to ambulate frequently. B. Encourage coughing and deep breathing. C. Encourage the client to increase fluid intake. D. Encourage regular use of the incentive spirometer.

Encourage the client to increase fluid intake. Increasing fluid intake to1,500 to 2,500 mL/day promotes liquefaction and thinning of pulmonary secretions, which improves the client's ability to cough and remove the secretions.

As part of an annual physical examination, a nurse is preparing a client to undergo a chest x-ray. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client prior to the procedure? A. Remove all metal necklaces. B. Take several shallow breaths during the procedure. C. Do not eat or drink anything the morning of the test. D. Expect minor discomfort after the procedure.

Remove all metal necklaces. Metal objects block visualization of body structures and tissues, thus the client must remove them.