Oxygen Therapy and Delivery Devices
What is the minimum flow rate of simple face masks?
-6 L/min -to clear exhaled CO2 from mask
What is oxygen administration a common supportive treatment for?
-acute respiratory failure -chronic lung diseases -hypoxemia
What are the structural characteristics of Venturi rebreather masks?
-air entrapment dial port to mix oxygen with room air -different colors for different levels of desired oxygen
T/F. Transtrachel/tracheostomies are unable to be used at home.
FALSE
T/F. Aerosol masks only deliver oxygen.
FALSE - may also deliver medication to the lungs
T/F. Oxygen is a drug.
TRUE
What is the most reliable and accurate method of oxygen delivery systems?
Venturi system
What must be monitored with Venturi masks?
be sure side ports are open
How must non-rebreather masks be monitored?
closely
What are the positives of nasal cannulas over other possible oxygen delivery systems?
does not hinder eating, drinking, or speaking
How do adult oxygen tent/hoods fit?
face tent fits over the client's chin with the top extending halfway across the face
What is FIO2?
fraction of inspired oxygen delivered
What can trach collar or masks deliver?
heated humidified O2 or air to pt with tracheostomy
What category of flow is adult oxygen tent/hoods?
high
When are non-rebreather masks used for?
high FIO2 delivery in emergency
What category of flow are aerosol masks?
high flow
What category of flow are non-rebreather masks?
high flow
What category of flow are transtrachel/tracheostomies?
high flow
What kind of oxygen is delivered by simple face masks?
humidified oxygen
What category of flow are simple face masks?
low flow
What are the flow rates for a nasal cannula?
low flow: 1-6 L/min high flow: 5-40 L/min
What category of flow are partial rebreather masks?
low or high flow
What is the category of flow of Venturi masks?
low or high flow
How is the flow rate altered with use of non-rebreather masks?
maintained
What is the goal of oxygen administration?
maintaining normal hemoglobin saturation to facilitate normal oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues (preventing tissue hypoxia, which may result in tissue injury or even cell death)
What type of patients are adult oxygen tent/hoods used for?
normally patients with facial (nasal/mouth) trauma
What type of patients are aerosol masks used for?
patients who requires high humidity after extubation, after upper airway surgery, or with thick secretions
What type of oxygen delivery system mask is best tolerated by patients?
simple face mask
How is the oxygen concentration of adult oxygen tent/hoods characterized?
unstable
What are T tubes useful for?
weaning patients from mechanical ventilation
What is the oxygen concentration of nasal cannulas?
24% to 44%
What is the FIO2 of Venturi masks?
24% to 60%
What is the flow rate of Venturi masks?
4 to 10 L/min
What is the minimum flow rate of adult oxygen tent/hoods?
8 L/min
What is the minimum flow rate of transtrachel/tracheostomies?
8 L/min
What is the flow rate of partial rebreather masks?
8 to 11/15 L/min
What is the FIO2 of adult oxygen tent/hoods?
40% to 50%
What is the FIO2 of simple face masks?
40% to 60%
What is the maximum FIO2 of transtrachel/tracheostomies?
40% to 60%
What is the flow rate of simple face masks?
5/6 to 8 L/min
What is the FIO2 of partial rebreather masks?
50% to 70%
What is the FIO2 of non-rebreather masks?
60% to 100%
What are the structural characteristics of simple face masks?
-fit mask -has vents
How does Ventrui masks fit?
-fit snugly -must be free of kinks
What is included with oxygen therapy prescriptions?
-flow rate -duration -delivery system -instructions for monitoring
What are the categories that differentiate oxygen delivery systems?
-low flow -reservoir -high flow
What category of flow are nasal cannulas?
-low or high flow -considered low-flow but there are capabilities for delivering high flow nasal cannula
What category of flow are masks?
-low or high flow -dependent on type of mask
What are the structural characteristics of partial rebreather masks?
-mask with a reservoir bag -bag must remain partially inflated -mixes with room air through ports
What happens to the valves of non-rebreather masks during use?
-open during expiration -close during inhilation
What is important to remember to ensure safe and effective treatment of oxygen therapy?
-oxygen is a prescription drug -prescriptions include flow rate, duration, delivery system, and instructions for monitoring -risk of causing respiratory depression in COPD (chronic pts) -oxygen is a flammable gas (ignition hazard) -appropriate use of oxygen flowmeter is expected
Why is acute myocardia infarction (heart attack) an indication for oxygen therapy?
-part of the heart muscle does not get enough blood -as time passes more damage occurs to the heart muscle
What are indications for oxygen therapy?
-severe respiratory distress (e.g. asthma, pneumonia) -intra and post operatively -hypoxia (low level of oxygen in bodily tissue) -hypoxemia (low level of oxygen in the blood) -shock (sudden drop in blood flow through the body) -severe trauma -acute myocardia infarction (heart attack)
What are the types of oxygen delivery system masks?
-simple face mask -partial rebreathing -non rebreathing -venturi mask
What is the flow rate of non-rebreather makes?
12 L/min
