Part 17

PORGY AND BESS

* "Summertime," for 10 points, name this opera about the two titular inhabitants of Catfish Row, written by George Gershwin. * singing of "Gone, Gone, Gone" after Robbins dies in a fight after winning a game of craps. Jake sings the lullaby "A Woman is a Sometime Thing," and later in this opera, a man named Crown buys "happy dust" from a drug dealer. * Catfish Row and the lyrics to this opera were written by DuBose Heyward and the composer's brother Ira * George Gershwin which features the song "Summertime." * "Oh, there's somebody knocking at the door" during a hurricane. * second scene an undertaker agrees to bury the body of Serena's husband even though she only has $15 of the burial fee. * fisherman Jake sings the aria "A Woman is a Sometime Thing" and in this opera's first scene, a craps game ends badly when Robbins is murdered with a cotton hook by Crown * dope dealer Sportin' Life coerces one of the title characters to come with him to New York Cit * cripple who loves a woman to whom he sings [*] "you is my woman now," and the most famous song in this opera is Clara's lullaby to her baby. * , Detective Archdale searches for the male lead, who woos Crown's lover. The female lead in this opera is beaten on Kittiwah Island by Sportin' Life, who sings "It (*) Ain't Necessarily So." * opera uses cocaine, and the other is crippled. This opera's libretto is by DuBose Heyward. It includes an aria about "when the livin' is easy" entitled "Summertime." F * two Catfish Row residents by George Gershwin. * Act II, Scene 2, a character sings an aria criticizing the Bible, which leads another character's wife to sing "Shame on all you sinners!" * chorus, while sitting in Serena's room, believes Death is "...knocking at the door" when one main character is sick, while in Act I, Jake sings "A Woman is a Sometime Thing." * "Gone, Gone, Gone" is sung after Robbins is killed in a fight after a craps game with Sportin' Life, and at one point, the titular cripple tells the other title character, "you is my woman now." * lullaby "Summertime," set on Catfish Row with music by George Gershwin

POLAND

* "Torrent", "Black Keys" and "Revolutionary" those are his 27 etudes. For 10 points, name this country home to Penderecki, Górecki and Chopin, the setting of Arnold Schoenberg's A Survivor from Warsaw. * folk song from this country, "The moon had set, the dogs are asleep," is part of an A major Fantasy on this country's Airs * "La ci darem la mano" by a composer from this country. * 3/4 (three four) dance from this country is used in A major and A-flat major pieces nicknamed (*) "Military" and "Heroic." * "Revolutionary." For 10 points, name this country of origin for dances like the krakowiak (krah-KOH-vee-ack) and mazurka, many of which were composed by native son Frédéric Chopin. * opening Intrada movement contains a pedal F sharp throughout that work was a Concerto for Orchestra. Another composer from this country wrote a massive choral work that begins with an "O Crux" movement and utilizes the B-A-C-H motif * composer of the St. Luke Passion also used the technique of tone clusters in a piece written for exactly (*) 52 strings, his Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima. * B flat minor funeral march in his second piano sonata, and wrote many other piano works, such as his 57 mazurkas. For 10 points, name this home country of Witold Lutoslawski, Krzysztof Penderecki, and Frederic Chopin * emphasized dissonance with quarter tones through "hypertonality" in his Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima * lament to Mary in the Symphony of Sorrowful Songs from this country. * Tchaikovsky's 3rd Symphony is nicknamed after this nation, and Tchaikovsky also included this country's folk dances, like the mazurka, in his work * fast, syncopated 2/4 meter dance from this country appears in the finale of a composer's first piano concerto in E minor. * two string orchestras tuned a semitone apart for his piece Emanations. Another composer from here wrote Songs of an Infatuated Muezzin, but is more famous for his Rumi-inspired third symphony subtitled "Song of the Night." * Beatus Vir for a visit from the Pope and wrote a symphony that uses quotes from a Renaissance (*) astronomer. * third symphony sets to music a prayer written on a Gestapo jail cell. An a cappella version of the Stabat Mater appears in the St. Luke Passion, a work by a man from this country who also wrote a work scored for 52 strings that was originally titled 8'37''. The Copernican Symphony, the Symphony of Sorrowful Songs, and Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima * Gorecki and Krzysztof Penderecki * young pagan shepherd is transformed into Dionysus in the last act after visiting the title Sicilian ruler's court. That composer of King Roger * ballet Harnasie and a third symphony titled Song of the Night. Another composer from here wrote a piece for two string orchestras tuned a semitone apart, Emanations, and a piece originally titled 8'37" for 52 string instruments. * text found on the wall of a Gestapo cell during World War II. * Karol Szymanowski, Krzysztof [KRIS-toff] Penderecki [pen-der-ET-ski], Henryk Gorecki [gor-ET-ski], and Frederic Chopin * soundtrack to the film Trois Couleurs was composed by a man from this country. A soprano sings "Where has he gone, my dearest son?" in the third movement of a work commemorating this country's war dead, Symphony of Sorrowful Songs * quoted "Silent Night" in his Christmas Symphony and also wrote a piece based on tone clusters, Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima

SYMPHONY

* Arnold Schoenberg's first work in this genre is marked by a rushing cello theme of the whole tone scale in triplets, which follows the horn call that leads to the home key of E major by playing the stack of fourths that pervade the piece. * seventh and final one of these compositions by Jean Sibelius is in the key of C minor, and consists of only one movement. * Haydn composed over one hundred of them, causing him to become known as the "father" of this musical form. Franz Schubert's final one is known as "the Great," while his eighth is nicknamed "the Unfinished." * composition in this genre uses a 5/4 "limping waltz" and has the marking "pppppp" for extra quietness. * "Goin' Home," a spiritual, and another, which commemorates the July Revolution, was written by Berlioz and is called "Funeral and Triumphant." * "Queen" and "Miracle" ones are among those nicknamed for Paris and London, which were written by a man who composed (*) 104 of these works. * Tchaikovsky's Pathetique and Dvorak's New World. * fifth one composed by Gustav Mahler includes a fourth movement Adagietto. * Igor Stravinsky's works in this genre has a second movement originally to be used for the film The Song of Bernadette * "Ballade" is the 22nd of Myaskovsky's 27 works in this genre, while a "Volcano" movement concludes a work called "Mount St. Helen's," which is the fiftieth of (*) Alan Hovhanness' 67 works of this type * Hindemith composed a work called "Pittsburgh" and a B-flat work for concert band in this genre, while Schoenberg composed two "chamber" works of this type and Stravinsky wrote ones "in three movements" and "in C." * Cesar Franck work in D minor. * section entitled lento lugubre begins one work of this type named for the Lord Byron poem Manfred. An Episode in the Life of an Artist is the full title of the most famous work of this type by Hector Berlioz. * Miracle and The Clock are two of a dozen works of this type that Joseph Haydn entitled London. Antonin Dvorak wrote one of these works in E Minor From the New World * Beethoven works entitled Pastoral and Eroica

ROBERT MOTHERWELL

* Elegy to the Spanish Republic series. * influenced by poetry, such as his early paintings Mallarme's Swan, and The Voyage the latter inspired by the Baudelaire poem and his late series The Hollow Men. * World War II combat in a work which was intended to resemble blood-soaked bandages the collage titled Surprise and Inspiration. * figurative painting in works like (*) Spanish Prison (Window) and Pancho Villa, Dead and Alive, he is better known for large series of abstract series of shapes such as the Open series. * black ovals and rectangles on a white background. For 10 points, name this husband of Helen Frankenthaler, an abstract expressionist painter who created the series Elegy to the Spanish Republic. * fifty dollars a week for the rest of his life if he agreed to get a Ph.D. from Harvard before engaging in art as a profession * movement was marked by creating art "filled with anger as well as beauty." A blue triangle is partially covered by a yellow oval as the title French phrase is written in purple in one version of this artist's Je t'aime * "golden couple" with third wife Helen Frankenthaler, and described his most famous series of works as being "a funeral for somtheing one cared about," and that series features the canvas divided by black bars with black ovals between them * Documents of Modern Art, which made available works of art theory like Paul Klee's The Thinking Eye. * 1940s, "American art ever since has been the undisputed world champion." * untitled work depicts a black bomb-like shape with a white ring within, and Catherine Mosely reprinted some of his works such as Primal Sign V * Sirens series, and he translated the work of Paul Signac into English. * Harold Rosenberg, and No. 110 of those depicts two black cylinders between three black spheres. For 10 points, identify this husband of Helen Frankenthaler and painter of the Elegy to the Spanish Republic. * several yellow vertical bars and a magenta horizontal bar, which was later shaded black, then back to magenta over the course of thirty years * Little Spanish Prison, was created during a trip to Mexico, which also resulted in the appropriately-titled Mexican Sketchbook. His collage Surprise and Inspiration was at the center of his first one-man exhibition, and in 1991 he died in Provincetown, Massachusetts, where he had flung paint on canvases to create many of his Beside the Sea paintings. * color-field theory led to his Open series, but this artist is better remembered for his painting At Five in the Afternoon, which is reminiscent of another series comprised of paintings of black circles between black vertical bars on a white canvas. * Elegy for the Spanish Republic

RHAPSODY

* George Enescu composed two of these pieces titled after his native Romania, and another was composed by Debussy for the Paris Conservatoire's clarinet examinations. * Brahms's last published piano piece has this title, and his Opus 79 consists of two of these works. Brahms also used a Goethe poem as the text of one of these works for alto and orchestra. * Rachmaninoff combined the Dies Irae with the theme of Paganini's 24th Caprice in one of these works * works for piano and orchestra begins with the clarinet playing a trill, and then a lengthy glissando. * "Hungarian" pieces by Franz Liszt and a composition "in Blue" by George Gershwin. * original score of one of these compositions contained the instructions "wait for nod" to indicate when the orchestra should resume playing. A composition of this type opens with a nine-bar introduction before an A-C-B-A-E motif and presents a D-flat major melodic inversion of one of the works that inspired it. * two pianos and was premiered by at the Aeolian Hall by Ferde Grofé and Paul (*) Whiteman's orchestra in the concert, An Experiment in Modern Music * consists of twenty-four variations on the last of another composer's caprices, while another opens with a two-and-a-half octave clarinet glissando * Bartók wrote two of them for violin and piano. Debussy wrote two of these works, one for clarinet and the other for saxophone. * 24 variations on a violin caprice are included in one work of this type by Rachmaninoff, and Liszt included the "Rákóczi March" in his fifteenth work of this type based on folk themes from his home country. * clarinet glissando begins another for piano and jazz band. Free-flowing structures and highly variable moods characterize, for ten points, what type of musical work, exemplified by one "on a Theme of Paganini" and Gershwin's one "in Blue"? * Ernst von Dohnányi's final compositions was one in this form incorporating American folksongs. * Brahms wrote one as a wedding gift for Schumann's daughter Julie, which used words from Goethe's "Winter Journey in the Harz." * Emmanuel Chabrier, España, is in this form. George Enescu wrote a pair of them inspired by his home country. * pieces includes ones subtitled "Héroïde-élégiaque" and "Pesther Carneval." Another work in this form is a piano concerto-like set of variations on Caprice No. 24 by Paganini, and was written by Rachmaninoff. For 10 points, name this single-movement musical form, the most familiar example of which is probably the one "in Blue" by George Gershwin. * Debussy wrote his "First" one of these compositions for clarinet and piano. These one-movement works, like Vaughan Williams' Norfolk one, do not have a rigid structure. * "Spanish" one by Ravel, a set of variations based on (*) Paganini's last Caprice [cah-PREECE] by Rachmaninoff, and a set of nineteen Hungarian ones by Liszt

SKULLS

* Guercino's Et In Arcadia Ego * artist explained the poetic title of one painting of these objects with an evocative description of "Far Away" as "a beautiful, untouched, lonely-feeling place." * paired this object with brown leaves and hollyhock in a surreal series showing these objects fl‚oating, and painted an artificial fl‚ower used to decorate Hispanic graves, called the calico rose wrapping one of these objects in another work * best-known painting of this object is subtitled "Red, White, and Blue" and shows one superimposed against a background painted the colors of the American fl‚ag as a parody of the idea of the "Great American Painting." * first paintings of them were made aˆer a drought near Ghost Town killed lots of wildlife in the desert. * paintings depicting animal craniums by a New-Mexican artist also known for painting vaginal fl‚owers. * Cézanne created a still life depicting a stacked pyramid of these non-fruit objects. One of these objects lies in the bottom left, beneath a horse's head, in Albrecht Dürer's engraving Knight, Death, and the Devil. * Caravaggio depicts a saint looking down with his arm outstretched towards one of these objects in Saint Jerome Writing * painting portrays Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve above an anamorphic one of these objects that stretches across a tiled floor. * Hans Holbein the Younger's The Ambassadors. Georgia O'Keeffe painted, for 10 points, what white objects that encase the brains of humans and animals? * van der Weyden's Descent from the Cross, one of these items sits in front of St. John the Evangelist. * Damien Hirst's For the Love of God. Albrecht Durer included one of these objects on a windowsill in a work depicting St. Jerome in his study * one of these objects is paired with calico roses * anamorphic version of these objects appears between two French men wearing fur coats in Hans Holbein's The Ambassadors. For 10 points, name these objects which Georgia O'Keeffe painted after they had been removed from cow heads. * Claesz produced a still life of one of these objects next to a quill, and one can be seen above Fortuna's wheel in a mosaic at Pompeii. The blood of Christ washes one of these at Mt. Golgotha in a Fra Angelico painting. * painting shows a fantastically oversized version of this object that appears larger than the hilltop peaks in the landscape, and is titled From the Faraway, Nearby. * artist's mother said and features (*) 8,601 diamonds embedded on it. Damien Hirst's For the Love of God is a platinum one * Penitent Magdalena and St. Jerome were often shown with one, and it can be used to represent the vanitas theme * Dinteville and Georges de Selve appear in a painting that has an anamorphic one. * appears distortedly in The Ambassadors, which reflects one's mortality. * Antoine Wiertz's Two Young Girls, while Odilon Redon painted one with antlers growing out of it. An etching of one of these objects with a flowery hat by José Guadalupe Posada is commonly known as La Catrina and is a popular image in Mexico. * Diego Rivera in which he painted himself standing next to one of these objects, Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park * man in a green top hat looks like one of these objects in (*) Christ's Entry into Brussels, while Van Gogh painted one of them smoking a cigarette * emaciated horse wields a scythe in a Bruegel painting in which an army of them massacres people in a burnt-out landscape, The Triumph of Death * coffin at the bottom of Masaccio's Holy Trinity. For 10 points, name these bony objects which symbolize death. * Phillipe de Champaigne and Pieter Claesz were known for doing still lifes focused on this particular object. A detail of one on Mt. Golgotha was done by Fra Angelico and a teenage boy with an orange-feathered cap is seen in Frans Hals' portrait of a "Youth" with one * Zurbaran depicted St Francis looking at one of these objects, while another one of these was depicted "with calico roses". * recent sculpture of one of these was titled For the Love of God, and a "Pyramid" of them forms the scene and title of a Paul Cezanne painting * painting depicting Georges de Selve and Jean de Dentville. For 10 points, name this object which was covered with diamonds by Damien Hirst, * Holbein's The Ambassadors

THE ART OF PAINTING

* Jan Vermeer. * artist of this painting refused to sell it to settle his debts, leaving his widow to bequeath it to her mother Maria Thins to keep the creditors away * Dali, the subject of this painting balances a bottle of wine on his massively outstretched right leg. * uppermost part of a chandelier hanging from the ceiling in this painting is decorated with a double-headed eagle. A woman in this painting, who carries a trumpet, holds a yellow-colored volume of Thucydides, and wears a blue (*) laurel and a blue robe, symbolizes Clio, the Muse of History * crease in the large map in this painting's back wall signifies the political division between the independent northern and Habsburg southern Dutch provinces. Sitting on a chair on a checkered floor in this painting, a man works at his easel * Vermeer depicts someone of his profession, maybe even himself, hard at work. * artist of this painting only made one other work in the same genre, in which a snake has been crushed by a stone and a woman with her hand on her heart looks up at a glass sphere * Near the bottom left of this painting, a death mask lies on a table. A chandelier in this painting is topped by a double-headed eagle. * large blue and gold curtain is pulled back to reveal this painting's scene. * painting may be carrying a book by Thucydides, since she is based on Cesare Ripa's depiction of Clio * trumpet and wears a blue wreath on her head. A large map of the Netherlands hangs on the back wall of the room in this painting, which shows a painter and a female model. * mask can barely be seen on the table in this painting, which is partly covered by a large set of blue and gold drape * Catherina Bolnes hid this painting after its artist's death to prevent its seizure by creditors. * depicts a chandelier with no candles that contains a double-headed eagle * background of this painting, a table holds a large mask lies, which some critics interpret as a death mask for the Hapsburg dynasty. * features a map with a rip in its center depicting the provinces of the Netherlands. One figure in this painting is depicted in an anachronistic black doublet with slits across its back and holds a maulstick in his right hand * dressed in blue, holds a book and a trumpet, and wears a laurel wreath, possibly to represent the muse of history, Clio. * picture by Jan Vermeer * painting is bookended on each side by maroon chairs with tassles and gold studs * image on the wall in this painting is, as in many other works by its artist, labeled with the word "Descriptio," its creators being known as "World Describers. * lack of candles in the golden chandelier adorned with a double-headed eagle in this work is likely a reference to the suppression of the painter's faith. * large tapestry serves as a repoussoir, held back by the chair on the left. Black and white tile belies this painting's meager setting and led to its misidentification as a work of Peter de Hooch. * poofy black and white slashed doublet, has his back to the viewer and rests his right arm on a maulstick, while the other figure wears holds a book and a trumpet in the guise of Clio

PARSIFAL

* Kundry tries to seduce the title character who resists, and then, when Klingsor tries to kill him, he catches the Holy Spear. For 10 points, name this opera about a knight who heals Amfortas's wound and uncovers the Holy Grail, composed by Richard Wagner. * Hans-Jürgen Syberberg directed a film version of this opera set on the composer's death mask, and this opera is the namesake of a piano-like instrument with four keys used to simulate bells. * repeated motif describes the title character as "enlightened by compassion" and is sung by a voice from above at the end of Act I. * prelude quotes the (*) Dresden amen, and in Act III the title character baptizes the central female to the accompaniment of the Good Friday Music. * place in Klingsor's garden, where the Flower-maidens and Kundry all attempt to seduce the title character, who recoils because he feels compassion for Amfortas's wound * "pure fool" is crowned king of the Knights of the Grail. * confusion at the premiere of this "Stage consecrating festival play," some audiences do not applaud after the first act. * one character exclaims his desire to die in "Mein Vater! Hochgesegenter der Helden!" * Dresden Amen is used for the Good Friday Spell and another motif in this work, which tells of how a young boy (*) shoots down a swan in Monsalvat. * customary in some theaters not to applaud after this opera's first act. Apart from the words "Dienen, dienen," one character is entirely silent in the third act, and the line "here time becomes space" sets in motion the Transformation Music of the first ac * ascent of a rocky pass is accompanied by the "Theme of the Cry of the Savior" in a section often referred to as the "Transformation Scene." * mother is revealed to be Herzeleide, or "Heart's Sorrow," is forced to drive away some Flower Maidens after entering a garden that has been enchanted to appear in the midst of a desert. * last seen with a dove descending towards his head and when he first appears, he breaks a (*) bow after being scolded by Gurnemanz for shooting a swan. * told the story of Good Friday before attending Titurel's funeral in the castle of Monsalvat. * main query of this character, known as the "Innocent Fool," who resists the advances of Kundry, defeats the sorcerer Klingsor, and uses an enchanted spear to heal the wound of Amfortas. * setting in this opera are accompanied by the "Transformation Music." The title character of this opera throws away his bow and arrow in shame after shooting down a swan. * doomed to wander the earth forever because she laughed at Christ on the cross. Six flower-maidens try to seduce the protagonist of this opera in an enchanted garden owned by the villain Klingsor * feet washed by Kundry, the protagonist of this opera heals the wound of Amfortas with the spear that had stabbed Christ. * Arthurian knight who seeks the holy grail, the last completed opera of Richard Wagner

STEVE REICH

* NORAD recordings in WTC 9/11 and recorded a Pentacostal preacher for Its Gonna Rain * microphones swinging above speakers to create feedback * It's Gonna Rain, Music for 18 Musicians and Different Trains * text from "The Orchestra" in its second and fourth movements, and uses a D dorian minor center in its fifth movement, based on "Asphodel, That Greeny Flower." * William Carlos Williams-inspired The Desert Music, he set the Hebrew text of some psalms to music in his Tehillim. Another work is based on a cycle of eleven chords introduced in the "Pulses" section * tape loops with a string quartet in a work that includes interviews about World War II and offers parallels between the composer's journeys between New York and Los Angeles and those of Jews during the Holocaust. * Music for 18 Musicians and utilized the phasing process in works like Drumming. FTP, name this minimalist composer of Different Trains. * Three string quartets join in a second movement canon before splitting into dissonant groups again in the third in his Triple Quartet. * physical limitations of the metallophone dictate the length of the notes sounded by the glockenspiel, marimba, and other instruments in this composer's Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices and Organ * piece in which two people clap at slightly different (*) tempos, creating shifting periods of unity and dissonance. That piece, Clapping Music, exemplifies his technique of "phasing." * words of the murdered reporter Daniel Pearl and text from the Book of Daniel in his Daniel Variations. A piece by this composer of (*) Pendulum Music samples a Pentecostal preacher talking about the end of the world. He wrote a work beginning and ending with movements called "Pulses," and one with movements called "America-Before the War" and "Europe-After the War." * recorded his governess, a Pullman porter, and Holocaust survivors for another project. For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Different Trains. * theme played by the glockenspiels and marimbas is juxtaposed against an organ and women's chorus who only sing the sound "ee" and play gradually lengthening chord cadences. Daniel Hamm is quoted in a work commemorating six boys who were convicted of murder during the Harlem race riots, and Beryl Knot wrote the libretto of an opera featuring the songs "Who is Hagar?" and "Who is Ishmael" that is titled The Cave * pioneered a technique where the same musical segment is played on two different instruments at different tempos called "phasing," which is featured in his pieces Come Out, It's Gonna Rain, and Drumming * "Pulses," while he featured his governess Virginia Davis in a movement called "America-Before the War," which is part of a string quartet that uses tape recordings of interview with Holocaust survivors * parodied the "hammering" theme from Das Rheingold to depict the construction of the Hindenberg in his Three Tales. * operas is set at Machpelah, the burial site of Ishmael, Isaac, and Abraham. * Ludwig Wittgenstein's statement "How small a thought it takes to fill a whole life" to music in Proverb, and his first work looped a recording of Brother William saying "It's gonna rain." * Jewish Psalms to music in Tehillim, and the Kronos Quartet commissioned his piece contrasting railway noises with sirens, Different Trains * eleven simple chords, ? Music for 18 Musicians, and in another of his works, a percussion phrase of eight beats and four rests goes in and out of phase

MONDRIAN

* The Manhattan street grid inspired his painting, Broadway Boogie-Woogie. For 10 points, name this Dutch painter, who helped found De Stijl. * created both Fauvist and Cubist paintings titled Church Near Domburg. * split with Theo van Doesburg over Doesburg's use of diagonal lines * "neoplasticism." * depicts New York using many squares and yellow lines. For 10 points, name this member of De Stijl, whose works such as Broadway Boogie-Woogie depict lines with red, yellow, blue, black, and white fields. * uses a series of loosely painted gray and gold horizontal lines to create the title landscape in View from the Dunes with Beach and Piers * Cubist period is represented by works in which the title blue vessel is surrounded by gray and brown geometric objects, his two versions of Still Life with Ginger Pot, and his The Gray Tree. * stained-glass window by a colleague inspired this artist's diamond-shaped "lozenge" works * contemporary, Bart Van Der Leck, he founded a style he termed "neoplasticism." * Kandinsky, most of his works are generically titled "compositions". For 10 points, identify this figure in the De Stijl movement and painter of Broadway Boogie Woogie. * Flowering Apple Tree shows no apples. A blue woman with a yellow Star of David on each of her shoulders stands in the third panel of this man's triptych Evolution. * cubism produced the work Pier and Ocean. * diamond-shaped paintings called "lozenges," in which he sometimes experimented with "visual rhythms" influenced by jazz. * made two paintings of a Still-Life with Gingerpot. This artist left unfinished a work similar to his most famous titled after "Victory." * stained-glass window by one of this artist's colleagues inspired him to use the diamond-shaped "lozenge" in his works * refused to use the color green, and a notable work of his was inspired by the Manhattan street grid. * early works shows what appears to be a windmill amidst various blotches * Two of his works with the same title, painted just a year apart, show this man's progression away from Cubism. * Moulin au Soleil Rouge and two versions of Still Life with Ginger Pot were named for places, including Place de la Concorde * colors intended to evoke the traffic lights of the namesake street. For 10 points, name this Dutch artist of Broadway Boogie Woogie and Composition in Red, Yellow, and Blue, the most famous practitioner of De Stijl. * loosely painted horizontal lines to create the title landscape in his View from the Dunes with Beach and Piers * title object are very dark blue in his Evening: Red Tree * Two women face up with their eyes closed while another looks straight ahead in one work, which features those purple-blue two women with red shapes and yellow Stars of David, respectively, next to their ears, a triptych known as Evolution * two Cubist-influenced Still Lifes with Gingerpot, * black-and-white works such as Pier and Ocean * plusses and minuses. Rhythm of Black Lines exemplifies his use of orthogonal black lines, which permeate his series of Compositions

PORTRAIT OF MADAME X

* unfinished second version of this painting in the London Tate has only one strap in the subject's dress. The light in this painting is from the right, accentuating the brooch in the subject's hair and both shoulder straps of her dress. * depicted its central figure in an oil sketch drinking a toast. Single white wisps of paint suggest jewelry, and a table in this painting has a smooth surface but gargoyles intricately carved on its legs, which end in lion paws * nnaturally narrow waistline, and the line of her arm continues into the table she rests her hand on. For 10 points, name this painting of socialite Virginie Gautreau wearing a plunging black dress that compliments her pale complexion while she looks to the left, a painting by John Singer Sargent. * oil study for this work depicts the central subject holding out a glass of champagne * series of pencil sketches for this painting show the subject reclining, lying in profile, and kneeling on a nearby but not pictured couch, and many studies were done at a house in Parame * barely visible gold ornament on a piece of furniture in this work is the same color as that table's edge. * left and wears a garment with jeweled straps. This painting depicts the pale wife of Pierre Gautreau in a form-fitting black satin dress. For 10 points, name this work of John Singer Sargent. * painted over a shoulder strap to raise it and make it look more secure. * pale skin of the the titular character. This painting was very unpopular when it was first shown at the Salon in 1884, leading its American painter to leave France * seven-foot-tall painting of Virginie Gautreau, a work by John Singer Sargent. * subject receiving a secret from her husband in the charcoal study sketch Whispers * central figure of this painting rests her right hand on a small circular table with intricately carved legs, while her left hand grasps her dress. * profile portrait of a brunette, whose black dress is supported by two thin whalebone straps, exposing scandalous amounts of pale skin. * anonymous Virginie Gautreau

MONA LISA

* visible vertical strips of column ‚flank the title figure of this painting who sits on a loggia and is portrayed with the corners of her eyelids and mouth leftˆ undefined as part the artist's trademark sfumato technique. * riginally wore a transparent overdress, a traditional symbol of nursing. John R. Eyre wrote a monograph arguing for the authenticity of the so-called Isleworth version of this painting. * four-arched (*) bridge over a winding river can be seen in the craggy background above the subject's right shoulder. The shadows around the eyes of this subject's eyes are characteristic of the sfumato technique * reproduction of this painting with a goatee drawn on makes up Marcel Duchamp's L.H.O.O.Q. For 10 points, name this Leonardo da Vinci painting of an enigmatically smiling woman. * Berenson wrote a notable essay on how he escaped the shamanic infl‚uence of this work, which he claims "had simply become an incubus." * young man's straight veins and an old man's bloated veins were the models respectively for the serpentine river on the leftˆ background and the wide river on the right spanned by a bridge * "like the vampire, has been dead many times and learned the secrets of the grave." Walter Pater claimed the main figure of this painting "is older than the rocks among which she sits." * small portion remains visible of the two columns which once stood on the ledge behind this painting's subject. * jagged mountains overlook a lake, while below that, less-severe mountains lead to a multi-arched stone bridge across a river. The central figure has a scarf thrown over her left shoulder, part of an intricate clothing design that includes an olive dress and richly-painted light-brown sleeves. * loggia overlooking a meandering road. It was parodied by Dada and Surrealist artists, including Duchamp, who added a mustache to it. For 10 points, name this Leonardo da Vinci portrait known for its enigmatic smile, depicting a woman thought to be the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. * Andy Warhol's Thirty are Better Than One is a silkscreen of this person. In another painting, a winding path is seen beside this woman's right arm, while a bridge crosses a stream above her left shoulder * moustache on a postcard of a painting this figure in L.H.O.O.Q. That painting employs its artist's famous sfumato technique, and was stolen in 1911 by Vincenzo Peruggia * re-imagined to include the phrase "Federal Reserve Note" in Jean-Michel Basquiat's version of it as a dollar bill. Andy Warhol's Thirty are Better than * : Jasper Johns's Racing Thoughts and Kaspar Malevich's Solar Eclipse with [this work] both feature recreations of it, the former in black and white and the latter with two red Xs. * Leger created a version "with keys," while E.H. Gombrich pointed out the distinctive sfumato at the corners of the eyes. Margaret Livingstone claimed that this painting's most famous feature is captivating because it is not perceptible by foveal vision and thus nearly disappears when it is looked at directly

MAYA LIN

* zero can be found on another work by this artist, who engraved a quote by (*) MLK into a memorial located in Montgomery. * beeswax to depict the phases of the moon in one portable sculpture, and gathered ground-up recycled safety glass into mounds for Groundswell at the Wexner Center for the Arts * Wave Field and the Civil Rights Memorial designed another work that was supplemented by Frederick Hart's Three Soldiers sculpture and consists of black granite walls inscribed with over 58,000 names * ietnam Veterans Memorial. * bronze funnel lined with redwood, the Listening Cone, as part of the "What is Missing?" project * seven sites along the Columbia River to commemorate the Native Americans as part of the Confluence Project. * circular black granite tables, one with inscriptions spiraling out from the center of the numbers of women who attended Yale each year. * Women's Table designed another memorial with black granite, with two walls cutting into the National Mall in a V-shape * Topo project in North Carolina was destroyed, while two years earlier this artist designed a private residence comprised of two wooden units connected by two levels of decks * Colorado's "Box House," this artist also created Flutter, a piece of landscape art that shares the same themes as 1995's The Wave Field. * Cleveland Public Library created a black stone fountain inspired by a Martin Luther King quote in Montgomery, Alabama and an eleven-acre field of undulating grass hills at the University of Michigan * Frederick Hart's Three Soldiers statue was placed near her most famous work due to its controversial design * The Women's Table and The Civil Rights Memorial is best known for a work comprised of two black granite walls bearing thousands of names. For 10 points, name this Chinese American artist who designed the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. * giant ice-skating rink called Ecliptic for Rosa Parks Circle, and approached a similar theme in a giant piece of frosted glass in Penn Station called Eclipsed Time * Ann Arbor, Michigan, this artist designed a series of grassy knolls that form a hilly structure for a work titled The Wave Field. Frieda Lee Mock directed a movie about this artist called A Strong Clear Vision * addendum by Glenna Goodacre and Frederick Hart's Three Soldiers statue were added to this artist's most notable work, which was in part made with two large pieces of gabbro rock. * barn was raised off the ground to create the Langston Hughes Library, designed by this architect, who also designed a house on the edge of an aspen forest made of wooden boxes. * ongoing project by this architect includes a completed section at Cape Disappointment, and is known as the Confluence Project * round black stone water table, located in Montgomery, Alabama, inspired by the quote that "We are not satisfied and we will not be satisfied 'until justice rolls down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream."Most famously, she designed a V-shaped black granite wall, which was built into the ground and inscribed with 58,000 names * fifty mounds of sod, arranged in eight rows, and is called Wave Field. Another of her works was depicted in a painting by Lee Teter. * involves a thin layer of water flowing over a smooth stone table, and is a civil rights memorial located in Montgomery

OATH OF HORATII

* barebacked blond child faces away from the viewer as a similar child dressed in grey stares at the central scene, and both of those children are embraced by a woman in green and blue * corner of a window is visible behind a second archway in the upper right of this painting, which is set in a room with white and hatched brown tiles * One bronze and two silver helmets are worn by the title figures, one of who holds a spear that mirrors the angle of three differently shaped swords, which are being offered to their outstretched hands by their father * episode from Livy, a Jacques-Louis David work in which three Roman brothers vow to fight the Curiatii. * copy of this painting by the artist's student, Girodet, can be found in the Toledo Museum of Art. * child buries its head in a woman's dark shawl, while another child looks at the main figures * woman in white leans on the shoulder of a woman with an orange shawl, weeping. The left-most figure has a white cape, and holds a spear behind his back * William Sydney Mount's School Boys Quarrelling was supposedly based on this painting. A similarly titled work by Henry Fuseli shows an event that resulted in the founding of Switzerland. * figure in a white dress and a blue headscarf leans on the shoulder of a woman in a blue and golden dress, while a woman in all blue consoles a pair of young children in the right background * central figures in this work all wear silver helmets, and the one closest to the viewer holds a spear behind his back. * painting wears a red cloak and peers upward, raising an open palm while the other holds three swords. * pledging to battle the Curiatii in a ritual duel, * title figures of this painting has his arm around the side of another, and on the right a woman with a green headband leans on the shoulder of her sister, while a third woman cradles two children beside them * seated woman with a turquoise headband leans her head and hand on the shoulder of another, and the main figures in this work are framed by three grey arches behind them * black-bearded man draped in red holds up three swords as the three armor-clad title figures salute. * long, right-facing spear is mounted on the back wall in this painting * woman in a blue dress holds her two children, one of whom looks innocently towards the central action. * red tunic holds a spear. Arches in the background frame the three parts of the scene * reach towards the center of the painting, where their father holds out three swords. * painting depicting the title brothers swearing to defend Rome, by Jacques-Louis David. * Anne-Louis Girodet, depicted a continuation of its story, in which a title character kills his sister for mourning her fiance, The Death of Camilla * sister is in the painting itself, along with several other women on the right-hand side. * preparing to fight an analogous group from Alba Longa, one of whom is Camilla's husband-to-be, who is killed in the altercation. * secondary focus is the background, whose arches number the same as the title (*) characters, while one of the men is clutching a spear in his right hand and himself being held by his brother

MAX ERNST

* cohort of Jean Arp, this man's alter ego was the birdman Loplop. For 10 points, name this creator of frottage, a German surrealist who painted Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale. * painter showed two men in a boat facing in opposite directions and putting their fingers in their mouths in Castor and Pollution * headless female mannequin appears in front of a horned metallic creature with a long neck in another painting. This husband of Peggy Guggenheim and creator of (*) Ubu Imperator and the Elephant Celebes created a painting in which a man carries off a woman and reaches for a red and blue knob on the picture frame * Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale created techniques involving rubbing a textured surface and scraping oil paint off of a canvas * invented frottage and grattage. * blue moon looking over an open cage against a bright orange background in one painting, and he responded to his time in French concentration camps by painting a figure with a helmet and spear standing next to a metallic green spire amidst spongy red ruins. * "Soliloquy," he made a portfolio of black-and-white collotypes which included a large circular eye in "The Fugitive," his Natural History series * enormous red headdress on a nude woman in "Robing of the Bride," and he employed decalcomania to make "Europe after the Rain." * paintings depicts a figure wearing a green scarf with a body resembling a spinning top that painting is inspired by an Alfred Jarry character * four canvases linked together in the same manner as the Isenheim altarpiece and is called Vox Angelica, and this painter published a "novel" consisting of 124 captioned pictures entitled The Woman with 100 Heads * Hats are linked together to form phallic pillars in his The Hat Makes the Man, and another work features Raphael wearing a beret while the artist himself sits on Fyodor Dostoevsky's knee. * A Friends' Reunion, he portrayed a headless nude mannequin stretching her hand out to a bull's head connected by a hose-like structure to the bulk of the title animal in another work. * small wooden fence glued to the canvas as a figure on top of a building holds a red and blue disk, and he developed a technique which was inspired by looking at floorboards and uses a drawing tool to make a rubbing over the surface. * The Elephent Celebes and Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale, a German surrealist who developed frattage and grottage. * Monet's Luncheon On the Grass with a deliberate misspelling in its French title which featured a brown fish and an egg-plant laid on a white cloth. * airplane with human arms flying over an open field as a wounded soldier is being carried away, while another work depicts a human like figure who has a tilted cylindrical head with green hair and spins on a top in a barren landscape. * Murdering Airplane and Ubu Imperator, he made several works featuring the birdman Loplop which appear in his collage novels such as La Femme 100 têtes and Une Semaine de bonté, but he is better known for Pieta or Revolution by Night, and a 1926 self-portrait with André Breton and Paul Éluard witnessing the Virgin chastising Jesus

ORPHEUS

* composed by Christoph Gluck * Harrison Birtwistle composed an opera about the "mask" of this character. * operetta lampooned a 1762 opera by Christoph (*) Gluck in which this character gains entrance to his intended destination by soothing the Furies * Monteverdi's first opera is named for this character, who also names a Jacques Offenbach operetta about his journey to the underworld. * musician from Greek myth who descended into Hades to attempt to rescue his wife Eurydice. * chorus laments the death of a woman by singing "Ah, se intorno a quest'urna funesta." One character in this opera moves her lover by panicking in the aria "Che fiero momento." * nymphs, and shepherds singing "Trionfi Amore!" in the Temple of Love. Its second act includes a scene set in the Elysian fields, which begins with the "Dance of the Blessed Spirits." * artificial complexity of opera seria, it ends with Amor restoring one of the title characters to life after her lover turns to embrace he * sings "Che faro" to lament the death of his lover. An operetta named for this character features a love song buzzed by a fly and a guardian of morality named Public Opinion. * Harrison Birtwistle composed an opera titled for the mask of this character, whose "wonderful constancy of love" titles a Telemann opera. * "Rosa del ciel" aria and converses with the messenger Sylvia in another opera. "The Dance of the Blessed Spirits" appears in an opera about this figure by Christoph Gluck * Mask of this figure is an opera by Harrison Birtwistle. This figure sings the aria "Che faro" in an opera that includes the "Dance of the Blessed Spirits." * "Tu se morta" in another opera that was first performed in 1607. An opera named for this figure begins with Public Opinion introducing some characters who later dance the can-can. * Gluck, Monteverdi, and Offenbach. * appears as a mime, a puppet, and a live singer in Harrison Burtwhistles opera about "The Mask of" him * sings "Che Faro Senza," and Angelo Poliziano wrote "La favola di" this character, who is torn to death by Maenads * Christophe Gluck that features the "Dance of the Blessed Spirits," his story is also told in an operetta that features the "Can Can" dance

THE BURIAL OF THE COUNT OF ORGAZ

* elaborately-robed Saints Augustine and Stephen. This work is located in the Church of Santo Tome in Toledo. For 10 points, name this El Greco masterpiece where the title nobleman dies and is welcomed into Heaven. * harpist and an organist can be seen to the right of a man who dangles two keys on a string. * artist himself, can be seen near the bottom of this work. It is split into distinct light and dark colored halves representing heaven and Earth * noblemen of Toledo look on as the ornately-dressed Saint Augustine and Saint Stephen carry the fully-armored corpse of the title figure. * Mannerist painting depicting the funeral of a certain nobleman, a work by El Greco * upper right of this painting, a saint holds a bent piece of iron, while in the upper left a yellow-robed St. Peter dangles a pair of keys in his hand * Icy clouds swirl on the top half of this painting and surround a purple and red clad Virgin Mary, who looks over the title action, while St. John the Baptist and Christ form a triangle in position with her. * mourner carries a large silver and gold crucifix, and at the bottom left, a child bearing a torch points to the title figure. At the center of this work, St. Stephen and St. Augustine bend over the corpse of the title armored figure. * funeral of Don Gonzalo Ruíz, a work by El Greco. * lower-left of this painting, a small scene in which a trio of men raise their hands around a gold-robed kneeling figure is visible on a cloak immediately below a pair of armored feet. * man leans on an L-shaped staff and sits at the edge of a crowd in this painting, whose left side shows King David with his harp below a pair of keys dangling from the hand of Saint Peter. * horizontal line of pale faces, this painting transitions from a lower "terrestrial" zone to the upper "heavenly" zone, in which a triangle is formed by Mary, John the Baptist, and Jesus. * son Jorge Manuel points at the central action of this painting, which is carried out by the gold-and-red- vestment-clad Saints Stephen and Augustine. * El Greco painting, in which a Toledo nobleman is lowered into his coffin. * harpist and two other musicians sit to the left of a figure in yellow who holds some keys * parish priest who commissioned it may be the figure in the white translucent gown with his back to the viewer in its bottom right. * signature can be found on the handkerchief of a young boy, who was modeled after the artist's own illegitimate son. * kneeling (*) John the Baptist looks up towards Jesus while Mary, seated across from him, stares down at this painting's title figure. * handkerchief with the artist's signature and the date, which is folded in the pocket of the artist's son. * "violent foreshortening" by noting that its setting in the Santo Tomé enhances its effect by making the viewer look sharply upward to view the large canvas, hung in a room of low depth. * son bears a torch as well as a handkerchief with the artist's signature, and St. Stephen assists St. Augustine with the titular (*) action of this painting. * sharply divided into an earthly section and a heavenly section, wherein the titular figure's Guardian Angel directs him to Mary. * Robert Byron argued that this painting's composition was modeled after its artist's earlier Dormition of the Virgin * saint holds a bent iron at the front of a group of martyrs and apostles in the upper right of this painting, whose bottom is six feet off of the floor, requiring viewers to look sharply upward to see all of it. * yellow-clad St. Peter dangles two keys from his right hand on the left of a triangular Deesis, which depicts John the Baptist and the Virgin Mary kneeling below a standing, white-clad Jesus. * torches flank a line of black-clad nobles wearing white ruffs, who divide this painting's scene of ethereal, heavenly clouds from its depiction of St. Augustine and St. Stephen lowering the body of the title character. * David playing his harp can be seen near Moses sitting with the stone tablets * John the Baptist kneels to one figure in this painting opposite a calm-looking Virgin Mary. * painting is a small child, dressed in black, and holding a torch who stands next to a small painting. * angel in yellow floats above the heads of a crowd of men in black who are gathered around the central figure * Christ watches on from the heavens above, as Saint Stephen and Saint Augustine hold the title dead figure who is dressed in golden armor. * floating in the air and dangling a pair of keys from his hand, while across from him, a naked cherub is being tossed aside on a wave of rent air * crucifixion is sitting on the ground next to a young boy staring directly at the viewer. A man plays a harp on the left of this painting, while figures on the top right have their attention directed toward a white-shrouded Jesus. * soul of the title figure is seen in the center of this painting and is being assisted in its ascent by an angel, while directly below that, a series of men wearing black and white lace around their neck gather around the black armored title figure, where Saints Stephen and Augustine are holding his body. * man in a hooded gray robe bows his head in front of a man in a hooded black robe with his right arm extended. In the lower right, a man in white partially obscures a priest while looking to the upper left, where St. Peter dangles his keys as he looks over the shoulder of Mary, who is below a white-shrouded Jesus and on one side of an opening in the clouds through which an angel flies holding a small spirit. * artist's son points at the golden sleeve of St. Stephen, who along with St. Augustine holds the title figure clad in black armor. * work depicting the internment of a pious Spaniard, a work of El Greco

MURALS

* multicolored flag and many pink wreaths that work parallels another, which shows masked figures pulling out a man's heart * Huehueteotl rising from a volcano and other gods hovering above the temples of Sun and Moon, in its portrayal of the Coming of Quetzalcoatl. * gas masks and Lenin and was originally commissioned by Rockefeller that work was Man, Controller of the Universe * skeleton giving birth and is located in the Baker Library at Dartmouth that work is the The Epic of American Civilization * germs and the galaxies form an X shape in a work of this type which also depicts a hand clutching an orb * "Controller of the Universe" was a recreation of one commissioned by Nelson Rockefeller depicting Vladimir Lenin which was titled Man at the Crossroads. * Christ-like child and several laborers toiling together in Detroit Industry. Besides The Epic of American Civilization by Jose (*) Orozco * flamethrower in front of many soldiers equipped with gas masks and bayonets. The center of that work of this type depicts a (*) hand gripping a translucent sphere in front of the title figure who sits at the intersection of two huge ellipses * Baker Library at Dartmouth contains a twenty-part work of this type called The Epic of American Civilization, while another sparked outrage over its depiction of Lenin. * Controller of the Universe and Detroit Industry, both of which are by Diego Rivera. * Dudley Carter, a proponent of Art in Action, set up his sculpture of the Bighorn Mountain Sheep, and that work also depicts Alcatraz and the Golden Gate Bridge and was made for San Francisco City College * parts depicting ancient and modern human sacrifice and Anglo America that work is titled The Epic of American Civilization and is located at Dartmouth. * Jose Orozco worked extensively in this medium, and one work in this form features portraits of Trotsky and Lenin and was originally painted for the Rockefeller Center

ODILON REDON

* sailboat holding two reclining people floats on the water in the foreground of a painting by him in which the sky seems to bloom into colorful bouquets of flowers * Noirs series. He showed the title figure walking among flowers in one of his many depictions of the Buddha. * nude naiad Galatea takes refuge under a hill from a creature glaring over with its one eye in - for 10 points, what French Symbolist's The Cyclops? * sketches, spines jut from the head of a man planted in a box * Cactus Man also painted Eastern-inspired works like Buddha Walking Among the Flowers and The Death of the Buddha * commissioned to create seventeen landscapes for the Chateau de Domecy-sur-le-Vault. A giant winged head stares down at a boat in one of the rather odd charcoal drawings by this artist included in the final Impressionist exhibition * Guardian Spirit of the Water * peeks above a crag to stare at the naked nymph Galatea with his one eye. For 10 points, identify this French Symbolist who painted The Cyclops. * tree branches grow out of a bald head attached to a proportionally small skeleton's body * A Soi-même shows his influence by a school led by his friend Stéphane (*) Mallarmé * not Klimt, this painter of Spirit of the Forest depicted the title religious figure dressed in mosaic robes holding a staff and standing to the left of a leafless tree in Buddha. * versions of The Birth of Venus show her emerging from a conch shell rather than a scallop or oyster. * same school as Gustave Moreau. His most famous painting shows the title mythological figure peering over a hill at a sleeping nude woman. * French Symbolist painter of The Cyclops. * bald man standing in front of a table holding two laurels wreaths in The Distributor of Crowns. * eyes closed wearing a red robe surrounded by blurred anemones and seahorses. This painter of Underwater Vision depicted a skeleton with roots growing out of its skull and feet in The Spirit of the Forest * nude human hides behind a green hill while the titular one-eyed creature looms above, and he was influenced by Edgar Allen Poe to create works such as The Smiling Spider and Eye-Balloon * French Symbolist painter who created The Cyclops