Part 2 Test 4

According to Peter Blau and Ashton Group, what determines or causes structure? Describe Blau's major points

Company size. 1.) Large firms tend to be decentralized 2.) Managers in large firms seek to maintain control (standardize jobs, form rules and procedures, mechanization or computerization of operations.

What are the two major underlying assumptions which guide the Trait Theory/Great man Approach?

1.) Ability to lead is a universal skill (translates to other positions) 2.) All effective leaders must have things in common.

What four categories of studies took place using the Trait Theory/Great Man Approach?

1.) Physical 2.) Demographics 3.) Personality traits 4.) Social skills.

Define leadership

influencing behavior in organizations.

Describe the structural-contingency approach and the author associated with it

Author: Johannes Pennings, type of environment: placid or favorable, hostile. type of structure: centralized/decentralized.

According to Joan Woodward, what determines or causes structure? Describe her work

Company technology. Seeks to match technology, structure and effectiveness. Matching structure + type of technology = company effectiveness.

According to JD Thompson, what determines or causes structure? Describe his 4 main points

Organizations in action. 1.) At center of every org. is a core technology 2.) Create structure to protect and facilitate core technology 3.) When crisis or threat arises, new subunit is created to defend against threat 4.) More powerful the threat, more powerful the defending subunit will be.