Passive and Active Transport

Diffusional Equilibrium

A state of uniform distribution of molecules within a cell

Exocytosis

A type of active transport, process by which a cell releases contents. (Ex. protein secretion, neurotransmitter release)

Endocytosis

A type of active transport, process where a cell engulfs materials with a portion of the cell's plasma membrane and releases the contents inside of the cell. (Ex. pinocytosis, phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis)

Potassium Pump

A type of active transport, pumps in potassium that diffusion takes out of the cell.

Sodium Pump

A type of active transport, pumps out unneeded sodium from the inside of a cell that diffusion moves in.

Pinocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests liquid from its surroundings and its dissolved solutes.

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests solids from its surroundings. (Ex. White blood cell membrane engulfing bacteria cell)

Osmosis

A type of passive transport, diffuses water through a selectively permeable membrane. (Ex. Distilled water entering a cell)

Facilitated Diffusion

A type of passive transport, lets larger molecules enter the cell membrane, uses a protein channel or carrier molecule to move the molecule, ion, etc. (Ex. movement of glucose through a cell membrane)

Diffusion

A type of passive transport, moves molecules through phospholipid bilayer. (Ex. exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs)

Filtration

A type of passive transport, smaller molecules are forced through porous membranes. (Ex. molecules leaving blood capillaries)

Active (physiological) Transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. Moves molecules, atoms, ions, etc. from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Salt water

Give one example of a hypertonic solution

Hypotonic

Having more particles inside the cell than outside of the cell

Hypertonic

Having more particles outside of the cell than inside the cell

Isotonic

Having the same number of particles inside the cell as outside the cell (Ex. 0.9% NaCl or normal saline solution, 5% Dextrose, Ringers solution)

Passive (physical) Transport

Movement of molecules across the cell membrane from kinetic energy from molecular motion. Moves molecules, atoms, ions, etc. from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Sodium and potassium

Name two molecules moved through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion.

Osmotic Pressure

The ability of osmosis to lift a column of water

Drinking too much water

This is an example of creating a hypotonic solution in the body

Oxygen and nutrients

Two molecules that enter into the cell through the cell membrane.

Carbon Dioxide and wastes

Two molecules that exit the cell through the cell membrane.

Osmosis deals with water, and diffusion deals with any substance.

What is the main difference between osmosis and diffusion?