past mcqs
Which of the following best describes the 1936 lithograph (entitled The Hero) by German artist George Grosz?
A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment
Which of the following has the greatest manufacturing capacity during the time period 1000 to 1450 ?
China
Which of the following countries or regions led the world in the production of cotton cloth in 1700?
India
Which of the following staple crops is most associated with the rise of Mesoamerican civilizations?
Maize
In the excerpt, Bolívar expresses which of the following?
Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies
Which of the following best describes the historical situation in Eurasia at the time the passage was written?
Political upheaval and reorganization increased cultural and scientific exchanges across regions.
Which of the following distinguishes the Meiji period from earlier periods in Japanese history?
Reform and industrialization
Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti?
The French Revolution
What mostly likely caused the famine described above?
The Little Ice Age
In the period circa 1200-1450, which of the following most directly enabled merchants to bring salt and other bulk products to markets in sub-Saharan Africa?
The adoption of innovative practices in overland trading, such as the use of camel caravans and saddles
Late-nineteenth-century transoceanic labor migrations were most directly facilitated by which of the following developments?
The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation
The implementation of the policies of extermination shown in the image is most directly explained by which of the following aspects of Nazi ideology?
The idea that minority populations within Germany were somehow responsible for its defeat during the First World War
Navarro's economic observations expressed in the passage above are best understood in the context of which of the following?
The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy
The Meiji Restoration of the nineteenth century involved internal reforms that included which of the following?
The modernization of Japan's military
Which of the following best represents the purpose of Trotsky's statement in the passage above?
To argue that Russia is ripe for a socialist revolution, despite being less industrialized than other European countries
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the travel depicted in the illustration?
To bind diverse communities to a common tradition
Which is the most likely reason that rulers during the seventeenth century built elaborate palaces such as the one at Versailles, France, shown above?
To demonstrate their wealth and power
Which of the following best describes the author's purpose in the passage?
To portray his patron as a generous supporter of the sciences and a man of unusual intelligence
Before 1700, Spain governed its American colonies through a system of
appointed administrators
All of the following were part of the Confucian social order EXCEPT
chastity by husbands
The Australian catalog page of 1929 shown above shows women primarily as
consumers in a world economy
The type of wall decoration illustrated above would most commonly be found in a
mosque
Darwin's theories were interpreted by Social Darwinists to indicate that
select human groups would dominate those less fit
The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of
sugar
Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was
the Industrial Revolution
The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1800 to 1900 C.E. best illustrate the impact of
the Industrial Revolution
Which of the following is a similarity between European and Asian immigrants to the Americas during the nineteenth century?
Both were attracted by employment opportunities.
The trade patterns shown on the map above depict
British imports of raw materials and exports of finished goods during the nineteenth century
Which of the following statements is true of Latin American independence movements in the nineteenth century?
Creole elites led most revolts against colonial rule.
The image from Japan during the Meiji Restoration best exemplifies which of the following processes?
Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United States
The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments?
European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power
Which of the following was a major change in transregional trade patterns from 1500 to 1700 ?
Europeans created joint stock companies to engage in overseas trade.
Trade spurred the introduction of both Islam and Hinduism to what is now called
Indonesia
Which of the following best explains why spices, such as cloves, became a LESS important component of colonial trade during the nineteenth century?
Industrialization increased the demand for manufactured goods relative to the demand for spices.
Which of the following contributed significantly to the decline of both the Qing and the Ottoman Empires?
Internal conflict with ethnic and religious minorities
Which of the following is an accurate description of relations between European states and the Ottoman Empire in the period 1815 to 1914 ?
Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans.
English nobles resisted peasant demands such as those described in the passage because agricultural labor in many parts of fourteenth-century Afro-Eurasia had become scarce as a result of which of the following developments?
Significant increase in mortality due to the spread of epidemic diseases
During the period 1450 to 1750, which of the following commodities was most responsible for transforming the global economy?
Silver
Historians consider the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to be a time of great change in cultivation methods and in the physical landscape of Latin America. Which of the following pairings was most responsible for these changes?
Slave labor and sugar
The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?
Spread of religion along trade routes
Before 1450 C.E. which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy?
Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe.
Based on Ibn Battuta's description of the sultan of Sumatra in the first paragraph, his point of view could most likely be characterized as that of a
Sunni Muslim jurist who believes that a Muslim ruler should patronize the religious elite and seek to expand Islam
Image 1 best illustrates which of the following features of the Chinese economy in the period 1200 to 1450 ?
Technological innovations increased agricultural yields.
Which of the following would most directly challenge the labor system portrayed in the sketch?
The Enlightenment
Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph?
The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.
Which of the following claims does al-Jabarti make about the French?
The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.
The trade illustrated by the map contributed most directly to which of the following?
The Haitian Revolution
Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia in the period circa 1250-1500 C.E.?
The activities of Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries
Which of the following developments in the nineteenth century would most likely help explain the size and composition of the workforce at the Bayer plant as described in the second paragraph?
The construction of railroads facilitated the migration of people to interior regions.
Developments such as the one depicted in the painting most directly contributed to which of the following?
The decline of many urban areas
Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan?
The development of khanates in Central Asia
The historical trend represented by the table is most similar to which of the following?
The impact of the Columbian Exchange on American populations in the sixteenth century
Which of the following best explains the changes in the population of the Hawaiian Islands from 1872 to 1878 ?
The increased presence of Asian indentured servants on Hawaiian plantations
Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty in the seventeenth century?
The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices
From the founding of each religion, Christians and Muslims shared a belief in
a single omnipotent deity
The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by
increased production of cash crops like sugar
The thirteenth-century map of Constantinople shown above indicates that the city
was highly fortified against outside attacks
Which of the following was a common feature of most Asian and European philosophies during the period of 1000 to 1450?
A close association with religion
The industrialization of Japan in the nineteenth century most directly led to Japan's adoption of which of the following foreign policies?
A policy of imperial expansion that sought to take advantage of the political and military weakness of neighboring Asian states
Taken together, the two images best support which of the following conclusions?
African societies combined a patriarchal power structure with cultural traditions that gave women a prominent place in social and cultural life.
Which of the following best explains the changes in China's population shown in the table above?
Agricultural output increased as a result of the use of the new crop strains, iron plows, and expanded irrigation.
The treaties that settled the conflict referred to in the passage most directly changed the geopolitical structure of the Middle East in which of the following ways?
Allied powers received territorial mandates from the League of Nations.
Which of the following describes a conclusion about Asia that is best supported by the data in the table?
Although Asia had far fewer vessels than North America had, Asia was responsible for a larger percentage of world trade.
Which of the following best illustrates the argument described in the passage above?
Amerindians were killed in large numbers by diseases such as smallpox and measles.
Which of the following occurred in nineteenth-century Africa as a result of the end of the transatlantic slave trade?
An increased use of slave labor within Africa
Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750-1900 ?
Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.
Based on the information in the table, the Black Death outbreak of the bubonic plague struck Essex County in which of the following periods?
Between 1320 and 1350
Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the economic development of Japan and the economic development of Russia in the nineteenth century?
Both countries industrialized, with the state playing an important role in the process.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Chinese and the Mexican revolutions during the twentieth century?
Both generated land-redistribution policies.
Which of the following best explains why the British government felt the need to distribute the pamphlet?
British authorities were concerned that going to war against a Muslim country could fuel anti-imperialist protests among India's large Muslim population.
Which of the following most accurately describes the interactions between China and Europe in the nineteenth century?
China effectively lost its economic independence to Europe as a result of military losses to European forces.
Which of the following developments best explains why many historians argue that the Song dynasty period (960-1279 C.E.) was pivotal in the development of China as an economic world power?
China's population doubled and Chinese urban centers experienced massive growth during the Song period.
Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century?
Chinese in the Indian Ocean
Which of the following developments in the period circa 1250-1450 represents a situation that is the opposite of nomadic conquerors assimilating into the cultures of the conquered societies?
Conquered peoples being drawn into their conquerors' economic and cultural orbits, as illustrated by Turkic peoples converting to Islam and integrating into Muslim societies
Japan's 1947 constitution The differences in the passages above are most likely a result of which of the following?
Demilitarization imposed by the United States after the Second World War
Which of the following consequences of the Columbian Exchange most affected Amerindians in the sixteenth century?
Diseases caused pandemics.
Which of the following statements is true about both the Mughal and the Ottoman empires in the sixteenth century?
Each had developed an efficient administrative structure.
Which of the following was the primary Ottoman response to the processes depicted in Map 2 ?
Efforts to reform the government despite considerable internal opposition
Which of the following is a key philosophical and religious element of Daoism?
Emphasis on harmony between humanity and nature
Which of the following was a major similarity among European colonial empires in the Americas in the period 1450-1750 ?
Enslavement of African peoples and subjugation of Amerindians
Which of the following best describes a conclusion about the relationship between steamships and world trade in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?
Europe's dominance in the total number of steamships roughly correlates to its dominance in world trade.
Which of the following best describes how European labor systems before 1450 differed from the Chinese labor system depicted in the two images?
European labor systems were more likely to utilize serfdom.
In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the commonly held view that Europeans controlled the largest share of world trade in the seventeenth through the eighteenth centuries. Which of the following evidence from the period would best support this historical reinterpretation?
European merchants transported only a fraction of the goods shipped globally.
The commodities listed by Stanley in the second paragraph can best be understood in the context of
Europeans' need for resources to be used in industrial production
As Islam spread between 1200 and 1600, it affected gender relations in which of the following ways?
Existing local customs regarding marriage and the role of women blended with Islamic models.
Which of the following contributed to the Chinese government's decision to stop voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean in the early fifteenth century?
Government concern with domestic problems and frontier security
The economic development Stalin describes above was achieved primarily through which of the following?
Government control of the national economy
Which of the following was the major long-term political effect of the Great Depression?
Governments began to take a more active role in economic life.
Which of the following best describes a claim made in the first paragraph?
Hindu rulers had constructed irrigation works to control the Kaveri River.
Which of the following best describes the historical circumstances of Rashid al-Din's career?
His career illustrates the possibilities for diffusion and intermingling of cultures brought about by the Mongol conquests.
The expansion of trade routes along the coast of Africa as shown on Map 2 was most directly facilitated by which of the following?
Improved ship designs and navigational technologies
A comparison between the data for the three manors shown in the table best illustrates which of the following about the bubonic plague?
In some but not all areas, the population was beginning to recover by 1400.
Which of the following was among the first results of the European Industrial Revolution in other parts of the world?
Increased demand for commodities such as cotton and palm oil
Ibn Battuta's claim in the second paragraph that the ceremony that he observed at the court of the sultan of Sumatra was similar to a ceremony that he had seen at the court of the Delhi sultan in India is most likely understood in the context of which of the following developments in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1200-1450 ?
Increasing cross-cultural interactions facilitated the spread of cultural traditions.
Which of the following was the main reason that Buddhist thought had important social implications for South Asia?
It challenged hierarchies based on caste.
Which of the following best describes the change in the total population of males age 12 and older in the three manors shown in the table from 1320 to 1400 ?
It declined to less than a half of its 1320 level (over 50% decline).
Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best describes the effect of the spread of Islam on Indian Ocean trade?
It led to the expansion and intensification of commerce along already existing trade routes.
Which of the following was a major long-term effect of Vasco da Gama's voyage to India in the late 1490s?
It led to the integration of European merchants into the Indian Ocean economy.
Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750?
Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe
Between 1750 and 1900, which of the following industrializing states created an empire?
Japan
Industrialization in Russia during the nineteenth century most closely resembled industrialization in which of the following regions?
Japan during the Meiji Restoration
Ideas similar to those expressed in the passage would contribute most directly to which of the following?
Japanese imperialist policies in East and Southeast Asia in the first half of the twentieth century
Which of the following best supports the contentions of the world economic theory in the passage?
Latin America exported sugar and silver and imported manufactured items.
The pattern of trade described in the passage was most characteristic of which of the following types of goods in the period 1200-1450 ?
Luxury goods such as spices or porcelain
Which of the following statements is true of global migration patterns during the nineteenth century?
Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities.
Which of the following ideas was given to Muslims on the authority of the Qur'an?
Moses and Jesus were both great prophets sent by God for the benefit of humanity.
Muslim scholars' incorporation of cultural and intellectual influences from pre-Islamic societies can best be used as evidence that
Muslim states and empires were central to the processes of intellectual transfer in Eurasia
Which of the following most directly led to the start of the First World War?
Nationalist competition among industrialized powers for resources
Which of the following claims that Barkey makes in the passage appears to contradict most directly her assertion in the first sentence of the first paragraph?
Non-Muslims were second-class citizens who endured prejudice.
Which of the following best describes an important difference between Karl Marx's theory of socialist revolution and that of V. I. Lenin?
Only Lenin argued that the workers' revolution would have to be led by professional revolutionaries.
Which of the following would best support the conclusion that the Columbian Exchange involved more profound consequences than did earlier biological exchanges in world history?
Previous exchanges did not involve the world's two hemispheres.
A historian researching the trans-Atlantic slave trade in the period 1600—1800 would find which of the following sources most useful for determining patterns in the points of origin, the destinations, and the numbers of slaves involved in the trade?
Records of the cargoes of Spanish and British ships in the trans-Atlantic trade
Which of the following was a major similarity between the goals of leaders of the Chinese Communist Revolution, such as Mao Zedong, and the goals of leaders of the Mexican Revolution, such as Emiliano Zapata, in the early twentieth century?
Support for redistribution of land to poor peasants
Based on an analysis of the Japanese currency used during the Meiji period (1868—1912) shown above, which of the following is the primary message conveyed by the engraving?
The Japanese government saw itself as a major Pacific power.
The spread of Islam into sub-Saharan West Africa in the period circa 1200-1450 was mostly a result of the conversion of the rulers of which of the following states?
The Mali Empire
Which development during the first decade of the twentieth century can best be explained in the context of the "weakening of the conservative principle" mentioned in the first paragraph of the passage?
The Mexican Revolution, as middle classes and peasants united to oust longtime dictator Porfirio Díaz and establish a more equitable society
The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent?
The Mongol Empire
Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of the bubonic plague in Eurasia?
The Mongol expansion from central Asia to China, eastern Europe, and the Middle East
Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following factors contributed most directly to the Mughal Empire's territorial expansion in South Asia?
The Mughals' adoption and effective use of gunpowder weapons
The portrait of Emperor Jahangir in Image 2 is best seen as evidence of which of the following?
The Mughals' toleration of different religious traditions within their state
All of the following statements about the Ottoman Empire in the period 1450-1750 are factually accurate. Which would most strongly support Barkey's claim regarding the Ottoman state and toleration in the passage?
The Ottoman army increasingly relied on the contributions of the Janissary corps, which was mostly composed of soldiers of non-Turkic origin.
Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century?
The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominately Muslim, while the Mughals did not.
Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?
The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecs.
A historian would most likely cite which of the following claims made in the second paragraph to demonstrate that Hindu teachings influenced the development of South Asian societies?
The absence of dharma has caused nobleness and character to disappear.
The economic success of businesses such as the British South Africa Company was in part dependent on which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century?
The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance
Which of the following factors helps explain the rise of urban centers and the increase in trade in Afro-Eurasia during the second half of the thirteenth century?
The availability of safe and reliable transport along land-based trade routes
Poster from the Seventeenth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1934. Poster text: "Raise the Flag of Lenin, It Gives Us Victory!" Banners at bottom read: "Long live the invincible party of Lenin!" "Long live the great guide of the international proletarian revolution, Comrade Stalin!" Which of the following directly enabled the establishment of the government that produced the poster?
The collapse of the Russian Empire under the stress of the First World War
In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following?
The concept of the civilizing mission
The labor patterns shown in the table are most directly relevant in understanding which broader process in nineteenth-century Europe?
The development of new class identities
The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century?
The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution
Which of the following was the most important factor behind Europeans' readiness to embrace authoritarian political systems in the 1930s?
The economic crisis caused by the Great Depression
Pyotr Durnovo, Russian Minister of the Interior, memorandum to Tsar Nicholas II, February 1914 The memorandum is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the early twentieth century?
The emergence of external and internal challenges that threatened the stability of imperial states
The data in the table best provide historical context to understand which of the following developments in mid-nineteenth-century Great Britain?
The emergence of social reform movements
Based on the pattern of trade described in the third paragraph, the Egyptian karim merchants were most likely directly involved in which of the following broader developments in the Indian Ocean in the period circa 1200-1450 ?
The establishment of diasporic merchant communities
Which of the following developments in the period 1450-1750 would a historian most likely cite to support Barkey's claim regarding the Ottoman Empire and its predecessors and contemporaries in the first sentence of the second paragraph?
The establishment of racial categories of social hierarchy under the casta system in Spanish colonies in the Americas
Which of the following resulted from the arrival of western Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450 to 1750 ?
The establishment of small European enclaves in India and China
Which of the following features of Europe in the period circa 1200-1450 most directly contributed to the fact that the king of Hungary did not receive the military assistance that he requested in 1241, as mentioned in the third paragraph?
The existence of numerous feudal states that were frequently in conflict with one another
The portrait of Emperor Jahangir in Image 1 was most likely a symbolic representation of which of the following?
The expanding power of the Mughal Empire
Malian Emperor Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 can best be understood in the context of which of the following?
The expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia
Which of the following statements about the Mongol Empire of the thirteenth century is true?
The invasion of Japan was attempted but was unsuccessful.
Speech of a female petitioner from the South Indian city of Madurai made at the court of the king of Vijayanagara, a Hindu empire in South India. The speech is recorded in a fourteenth-century poem written by a princess of Vijayanagara describing Vijayanagara's conquest of the Muslim sultanate of Madurai in 1378. Which of the following is a claim made by the petitioner in the third paragraph?
The king has the support of the gods in his efforts to drive Muslims out of Madurai.
The "objections" that the chairman refers to in the first paragraph can most directly be explained in relation to which of the following arguments commonly made by laissez-faire economists in the period 1750-1900 ?
The monopolistic practices of government-chartered joint-stock companies such as the British South Africa Company distorted market competition and hurt consumers.
Which of the following best exemplifies mercantilism as it was practiced in the Atlantic trading system by 1750 ?
The protection of European merchant companies by their respective governments
The illustration above shows which of the following about the fifteenth century?
The relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure ship
The activity depicted in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following characteristics of China's economy before 1450 ?
The reliance on systems of peasant labor
The general pattern of nomadic conquest followed by the assimilation of the conquerors into the cultures of the conquered societies was most clearly expressed in which of the following developments in the period circa 1250-1450 ?
The rulers of the Yuan dynasty adopting Chinese court culture and methods of rule
Which of the following events would have been most likely to produce a cultural context similar to the one depicted in the image?
The scramble for Africa
As described in the passage, the economic model of the British South Africa Company most directly differed from which of the following economic trends in the late nineteenth century?
The shift from mercantilism to free-market trade policies
The painting can best be used as evidence for which of the following world historical trends that took place during the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.?
The sponsorship of art by new elites
The increased food production accompanying the introduction of Champa rice into China from Vietnam during the eleventh century best illustrates which of the following?
The stimulation of agriculture by technological innovation
Abbasid reliance on Persian bureaucrats and the introduction of Confucianism to Japanese political institutions both illustrate which of the following processes?
The synthesis of foreign political traditions in the formation of new states
Which of the following best describes an accurate comparison of the relationship between sailing vessels and steamships in the late nineteenth century that is supported by the data in the table?
The total number of sailing vessels in all regions still greatly surpassed the total number of steamships in all regions.
Which of the following best explains a similar motivation behind the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Africa and the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Asia?
The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.
Which of the following would best support the assertion that hierarchies based on racial classification emerged after 1500 C.E. to maintain the authority of new elite groups in the Americas?
The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto and creole
The two dynasties whose expansions are illustrated by the images shared which of the following?
Their rulers were descended from Turkic peoples of Central Asian descent
Which of the following describes the effect of skin color, ethnicity, and former slave status in Latin America in the late nineteenth century?
There continued to be discrimination on the basis of all three factors.
Which of the following best explains an effect of Spanish voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share which of the following?
They recognize the existence of Adam and of Moses.
As described by Keshavarz in the first paragraph, which of the following would best explain why European countries were implementing policies to increase the size of their populations?
They wanted to address the effects of the First World War and mobilize for future conflicts.
Which of the following was the major contributing factor to the spread of the plague to Cairo, Beijing, and Florence in the fourteenth century?
Trade along the Mongol road system across Central Asia
Which of the following aspects of Map 2 can best be used to support the claim that a truly global trading system developed during the period from 1450 to 1750 ?
Trade routes extending east and west from Eurasia toward the Americas
Durnovo's argument in the second paragraph regarding the effect of war between Germany and Russia on the two countries would prove to be
accurate in its prediction that a war with Germany would create the circumstances for a revolution in Russia
Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both
acquired empires by means of military conquest
All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT
air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels
Muslim scientists in the period before 1450 c.e. generally participated in intellectual and scholarly exchanges with neighboring cultures by
expanding upon the legacy of earlier scientific works by conducting their own research
The sponsoring of scholarship by Turkic dynasties, such as the Timurids, best shows that, in the period circa 1200-1450, scholarly activities in the Muslim world continued despite the
fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate
Most agricultural laborers in the Ottoman Empire were
free peasants
The "long stays in harbors" mentioned in the description of the sea journeys in the first paragraph were most likely necessary because Indian Ocean maritime trade in the period circa 1200-1450
had to take into account environmental factors such as the timing and direction of the monsoons
The purpose of Ibn Battuta's account was most likely to
inform his audience about the cultural, political, and economic characteristics of the places he visited
The term "samurai" describes men in feudal Japan who were most like the men in feudal Europe known as
knights
The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by their
knowledge of agriculture
The high proportion of women and children among the workers reflected in the table is best seen in the context of the
low wages of workers in industrial societies
The responsibilities of aristocratic women in both feudal Japan and medieval Europe usually included
managing household supplies and finances
Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) primarily because they
needed to resolve their territorial disputes after the discovery of ocean routes to the Americas and the Indian Ocean
All of the following factors contributed to significant growth in worldwide population from 1750 through 1900 EXCEPT
new grain crops developed in the Green Revolution
A significant example of the interaction among Indian, Arab, and European societies by 1200 C.E. was the transfer of knowledge of
numerals and the decimal system
The success of European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by the
opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico
In the fourteenth century, merchants from China, Arabia, Persia, and Egypt were drawn to Calicut, India, primarily to purchase
pepper
Usamah ibn Munqidh, Muslim historian, Jerusalem, circa 1138 The second passage does not support the first passage because the second passage
presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler
The United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen reflect a shared concern for
protection of private property
During the period 1600—1800, the leaders of China, Korea, and Japan all had policies that
regulated interactions with foreigners
The economies of the southern colonies of colonial British America developed most like colonial economies in
the Caribbean and Brazil
The Mongol conquests resulted in all of the following developments EXCEPT
the initial diffusion of Buddhism and Christianity to East Asia
In nineteenth-century liberal democratic theory, a woman's role was generally portrayed as that of
the mother of citizens
The integration of West African states into wider regional and transregional economic networks in the period circa 1200-1450 was carried out mostly via the
trans-Saharan trade routes
Ibn Battuta traveled widely across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa in the fourteenth century. His travels serve as evidence for the
unifying influence of Islam
Great Britain's development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to
use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production
Based on the third paragraph, Stanley's vision of the future of the Congo River basin can best be seen as part of which of the following late-nineteenth-century developments?
Economic imperialism
The developments depicted in Map 2 most directly emerged from which of the following developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Government-sponsored industrialization as part of the Meiji reforms
Which of the following was a major long-term effect of the global economic depression of the 1930s?
Governments began to take a more active role in their economies.
Long-distance immigration to the Americas in the late nineteenth century most often contributed to which of the following processes?
Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies
Which of the following is true of the expeditions of Chinese Admiral Zheng He in the early 1400s?
He sailed to ports on the Indian Ocean coastline, including those in East Africa.
Josiah Strong, American Protestant clergyman, essay on Anglo-Saxons, 1891 The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts?
Imperialism
In the mid-twentieth century, the presence of Chinese and Japanese populations in North America and of South Asian populations in the Caribbean and South Africa is best explained by which of the following?
Labor migrations during the nineteenth century
Which of the following factors best explains why the Portuguese did not engage in direct trading relations with West African states until the fifteenth century?
Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology
Which of the following most directly explains the Nazis' ability to carry out the policies of extermination shown in the image?
Local populations collaborated with the regime either out of racial prejudice, fear, or hopes for material gain.
Which of the following best describes an important difference between the theories of revolution of Mao Zedong and those of Lenin?
Mao placed emphasis on the revolutionary potential of peasants.
In the period between 1000 to 1450, which of the following were two occupations pursued by large numbers of African and European women?
Midwife and healer
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some governments responded to the growing popularity of ideas such as the ones expressed in the passage by doing which of the following?
Passing reforms designed to improve the conditions of industrial workers
Which of the following was the main factor leading to the fall of Japan's Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of the Meiji government?
Pressure from Western powers
The changes in the distribution of cities in the period 1200 to 1400 C.E. best support which of the following conclusions?
The Mongol conquests had a more disruptive impact on the Middle East and Central Asia than they had on East Asia.
The image can best help explain which of the following differences between the Nazi program of genocide and other acts of genocide in the early twentieth century?
The Nazis industrialized the killing process, allowing them to commit murder on a massive scale.
Which of the following countries experienced the greatest number of war-related deaths during the Second World War?
The Soviet Union
Jacob Neusner, historian, "It is Time to Stop Apologizing for Western Civilization and to Start Analyzing Why It Defines World Culture," The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989 The author's argument regarding the effects of Western philosophy on the world is likely based on which of the following?
The adoption of European Enlightenment political and scientific principles worldwide
The Little Ice Age, which lasted from 1300 to 1850 C.E., likely had the strongest effect on which of the following?
The severity of the Black Death
The maritime trade connections involving East Africa shown on Map 1 provided a setting for which of the following developments?
The spread of Islam
Which of the following best explains why Japan was more successful than China in resisting imperialist encroachments in the nineteenth century?
The willingness of Japan's elite to sponsor reform
The particular routes and timings of the voyages depicted on the maps best reflect which of the following characteristics of Omani merchants?
Their advanced knowledge of Indian Ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns
Which of the following best explains the continuity in the trade routes between East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and India as shown on the maps?
Trade along the routes relied on sailors' knowledge of the monsoon winds.
On a global scale, the gender makeup of the migrants referred to in the second paragraph best helps to explain which of the following social changes in home societies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men
Pamphlet published by the British Indian War Department, 1915. The pamphlet was translated and distributed in cities and towns in India. The Ottoman Empire likely entered into the conflict referred to in the passage because
it had lost significant territory to other European states in the nineteenth century.
The second paragraph best provides information about the way in which states in the nineteenth century
justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions
The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa before 1400 C.E. can be best explained by their
knowledge of agriculture
In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were
nomadic groups that migrated to already settled regions and conquered them
The quotation above comes from a 1526 letter to a European monarch form a king located
on the western coast of Africa
Stanley's description of the riches of the Congo in the first two paragraphs can best be seen as an attempt to
place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable
China's strategy for modernization and economic development in the 1950s most closely resembled the developmental strategy of
the Soviet Union
