Patho CH 8

A client is admitted to the hospital with fluid volume deficit. The nurse should be aware that compensatory mechanisms will include:

activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

The nurse is evaluating a client's blood gases. The client has a pH of 7.35. How does the nurse interpret this value?

It is within a normal range

The nurse is reviewing laboratory data for the client with an anion gap of 17. The nurse recognizes which condition is associated with an increased anion gap mEq/L (mmol/L)

Lactic acidosis

The nurse is administering the medications to a client on the cardiac unit. Giving which medication causes the nurse to be alert for hypokalemia?

Loop diuretic

The nurse is reviewing the following lab results of a client diagnosed with renal failure: pH: 7.24 PCO2: 38 mm Hg (5.05 kPa) HCO3:18 mEq/L (18 mmol/L) The nurse would interpret this as:

Metabolic acidosis

Vitamin D, officially classified as a vitamin, functions as a hormone in the body. What other hormone is necessary in the body for vitamin D to work?

Parathyroid hormone

Following several days in an acidotic state, a hospitalized client has returned to a desired pH level. Which process could have contributed to the resolution of the client's health problem?

Phosphate and ammonia buffer systems in the renal tubules.

The renal control mechanism of restoring the acid-base balance is accomplished through which process?

Reabsorption of HCO3 and excretion of H+ restores acid-base balance through the renal control mechanisms.

A 77-year-old female hospital client has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which statement best conveys a risk that this woman faces?

She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit.

Which clinical manifestation would lead the nurse to suspect a client has developed fluid volume excess?

Weight gain

When interpreting the arterial blood gas, the nurse recognizes which of these reflects the value for bicarbonate?

HCO3- ( ion)

The nurse has just received the lab results of a client's calcium level. The nurse identifies a normal calcium level as:

9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL (2.25 mmol/L to 2.63 mmol/L))

in a person with fluid volume deficit, there is a dehydration of brain and nerve cells. What can occur if fluid volume deficit is corrected too rapidly?

Cerebral edema occurs with potentially severe neurologic impairment.

The nurse is caring for a client who receives hemodialysis. The nurse knows that hemodialysis involves movement of charged or uncharged particles along a concentration gradient. Which function best describes this process?

Diffusion

Which lab finding would the nurse anticipate when a client is experiencing hyperventilation?

Decreased PCO2

A client has been diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?

Decreased pH below 7.35

Which medication is the preferred drug for treating chronic diabetes insipidus?

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)

A client is brought to the emergency department with reports of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals a full, bounding pulse, severe edema, and audible crackles in lower lung fields bilaterally. The nurse notifies the physician to obtain orders for which of these problems?

Fluid volume excess

The nurse is aware that the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance is to increase the production of chemical component?

HCO3-

A 77 year-old female diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. Which pathophysiologic principle would her health care team expect if her compensatory mechanisms are working?

Her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma HCO3- and her pH will decrease.

A nurse is caring for a client whose serum potassium level is 2.6 mEq/L (2.6 mmol/L). The nurse anticipates which intervention will be prescribed?

IV infusion of 10 mEq potassium chloride in 100-mL normal saline solution over 1 hour times three doses

The nurse is assessing a client for early manifestations of hyponatremia. The nurse would assess the client for:

Muscle weakness

When caring for the client with hyperkalemia, the nurse recognizes the body should respond in which of these ways?

secrete potassium in the distal tubules for excretion