Patho chapter 8

As other mechanisms prepare to respond to a pH imbalance, immediate buffering is a result of increased:

bicarbonate/carbonic acid regulation.

Which condition is a cause of osmotic edema?

low blood levels of albumin

Which unit of measure best describes the concentration of solute in a particular volume of fluid based on electrolyte equivalency?

mEq/L

The nurse is reviewing the following lab results of a client diagnosed with renal failure:pH: 7.24PCO2: 38 mm Hg (5.05 kPa)HCO3:18 mEq/L (18 mmol/L)The nurse would interpret this as:

metabolic Acidosis

Which intervention is a priority for the nurse when caring for a client with hypokalemia?

Initiating cardiac monitoring

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by:

Low serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L (122 mmol/L)

A child accidentally consumes a container of wood alcohol. The ED physician knows that the child is at risk of developing which of the following?

Metabolic acidosis

Pressure generated as water moves across a membrane is also known as which of the following?

Osmotic pressure

The physician has ordered an anion gap as a laboratory test for a client experiencing metabolic acidosis. What will this test measure?

Phosphates, sulfates, and proteins

The renal control mechanism of restoring the acid-base balance is accomplished through which process?

Reabsorption of HCO3 and excretion of H+ restores acid-base balance through the renal control mechanisms.

The dietitian is counseling a client with chronic lung disease about food choices. Which would be the best choice for breakfast?

Scrambled eggs, bacon, and coffee

A nurse is caring for a client with a low sodium level and increased water retention. Hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen levels are decreased, urine osmolality is high, and serum osmolality is low. A chest x-ray shows a possible lung mass. Based on these findings, which problem could the client be diagnosed with?

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

The nurse is teaching the client about Vitamin D. Which of these topics should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

Vitamin D is present in the skin or intestine. Absorption of calcium from the intestine increases. Vitamin D is transported to the kidneys. Calcitriol is produced

The nurse is aware that the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance is to increase the production of:

HCO3-

A client is admitted to the emergency department with possible internal bleeding after being involved in an automobile accident. What type of isotonic intravenous (IV) solution does the nurse prepare to infuse?

0.9% NaCl

Body weight consists of which percentage of body water?

60%

The nurse is caring for the following group of clients. Select the client most likely to be diagnosed with respiratory alkalosis.

A 26-year-old female with anxiety who has been hyperventilating

A client's most recent laboratory results suggest the presence of metabolic alkalosis. What action by the nurse best addresses a potential cause of this acid-base imbalance?

Administering an antiemetic to treat the client's frequent vomiting

The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation of which of the following?

CO2

When caring for a client with hyperkalemia, the nurse prioritizes assessment of which body system?

Cardiovascular

The nurse is caring for a client with a tumor obstructing the lymphatic system. For which consequence does the nurse assess?

Fluid accumulating in the interstitial spaces distal to the tumor

A client is admitted after losing 44 lb (20 kg) over the past 3 months, largely due to frequent vomiting. What intervention should the nurse anticipate in the treatment of the client's resulting acid-base imbalance?

Fluid replacement with an intravenous solution containing electrolytes as prescribed

Respiratory alkalosis can be caused by a respiratory rate in excess of that which maintains normal plasma PCO2 levels. What is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis?

Hyperventilation

A 2-week-old infant (full-term at birth) is admitted to the pediatric unit with "spitting up large amounts of formula" and diarrhea. The infant has developed a weak suck reflex. Which statement about total body water (TBW) is accurate in this situation?

Most full-term infants have a TBW of approximately 75% due to their high metabolic rate.

Hypothalamic sensory neurons that promote thirst when stimulated are called:

Osmoreceptore

The effective circulating volume is the major regulator of water balance in the body. What else does it regulate?

sodium

Which clinical manifestation would lead the nurse to suspect a client has developed fluid volume excess?

weight gain