Patho elsevier GI/Renal

A client with jaundice reports fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, nausea, and vomiting. Which pathogen would the nurse associate with this client's clinical manifestations?

Hepatitis C virus

Which factor is the most likely cause of anemia in a child with celiac disease

Incomplete absorption of iron Incomplete. absorption of folic acid

Which statement indicates the patient understands the origin of hepatitis C?

You can catch it while you're getting a tattoo

A client receiving radiation therapy for neck cancer reports, I feel a lump while swallowing, and food gets stuck. Which term would the nurse document in the clients medical history?

Dysphagia

The nurse is creating a discharge teaching plan for a client who has a subtotal gastrectomy. The nurse would include which instructions about minimizing dumping syndrome?

Eat small, frequent meals Lie down for 1 hour after eating

Which rationale explains why the nurse also monitors a client with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease for clinical manifestations of heart disease?

Esophageal pain may imitate the symptoms of a heart attack

Which pain description would the nurse expect a client to report when describing pain associated with a suspected duodenal peptic ulcer?

A gnawing sensation in the epigastric region

A nurse is caring for a 9-month-old infant with gluten-induced enteropathy. Which common term for this disorder would the nurse use when discussing the infant's diagnosis with the parents?

Celiac disease

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer. Which common complication would the nurse assess for in this client?

Hemorrhage

Which disease increases the risk of hyperkalemia?

end-stage renal disease

Which finding indicates that a client is at risk for colorectal cancer? (Select all that apply)

Presence of dark, tarry stools Family history of polyposis 20-year history of ulcerative colitis Unintentional 20-pound weight loss Change in bowel pattern for 3-months

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of alcoholism and cirrhosis who is hospitalized with severe dyspnea as a result of ascites. An increase in which process most likely causes ascites?

Pressure in the portal vein

A client with severe Chron's disease develops a small bowel obstruction. Which clinical finding would the nurse expect the client to report?

Projectile vomiting

Which finding is expected in a client diagnosed with early glomerulonephritis?

Proteinuria

What microorganism would the nurse suspect as the cause of acute glomerulonephritis?

Streptococcus

Which clinical manifestation indicates a client may have an actively bleeding stress ulcer?

Sudden hematemesis and rectal blood

Which finding is an indication of ulcer perforation in a client with peptic ulcer disease? (Select all that apply)

Tachycardia Hypotension Rigid abdomen Nausea and vomiting Back and shoulder pain

Which steps listed by the nursing student are accurate regarding discharge planning? (Select all that apply)

Teach the client the safe and effective use of medications and medical equipment Remember that discharge planning is a centralized, coordinated interdisciplinary process Develop a care plan that moves the client form the hospital to another level of health care

Which history statement would be expected when admitting a child with acute glomerulonephritis to the inpatient unit?

The child had a sore throat a few weeks ago

Which pain-related clinical manifestation would the nurse expect in a client who had received a diagnosis of a peptic ulcer?

The pain occurs 1 to 2 hours after having a meal

A client experiences symptoms of gastritis for 2 months. The client seeks treatment after nonprescription medications and dietary changes have been unsuccessful in relieving symptoms. A diagnosis of extensive carcinoma of the stomach is made. The client asks how the disease got so advanced. On which information about carcinoma of the stomach would the nurse base a response?

This type of cancer is often diagnosed late because symptoms are nonspecific during the early stages.

The nurse is caring for a client with gastrointestinal reflux disease. Which information would the nurse provide the client to prevent the worsening of the disorder? ( Select all that apply)

Wear loose-fitting clothing Begin a weight loss program Sleep with the head of the bed elevated

The assessment of a newly admitted client reveals malnourishment, nausea, distention, and a firm abdomen with ascites. The client has tachycardia and is hypotensive. Which physiological change occurred that resulted in the client's development of ascites?

A decrease in plasma protein to maintain adequate capillary-tissue circulation

The parents of a 7-year-old who has acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) are fearful that their other child may contract the illness. Which explanation would the nurse share with the parents?

AGN is caused by an antigen-antibody response that that is usually associated with streptococcus infection

After a subtotal gastrectomy for cancer of the stomach, a client develops dumping syndrome. The client asks the nurse. "what does that mean?" How would the nurse explain dumping syndrome?

It is the rapid passage of concentrated fluid into the small intestine.

A 5-year-old child complains of abdominal pain with nausea, anorexia, and a low-grade fever. Palpation of the right lower quadrant of the abdomen elicits pain. Which condition would the nurse expect?

Acute appendicitis

The mother of a child with acute streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is concerned that a younger sibling may also have the disorder. What does the nurse recall when preparing to explain the cause of the disease process?

An immune complex disorder occurring after a group A -hemolytic streptococcus infection

Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect the client to report when experiencing renal calculi? (Select all that apply)

Blood in the urine Frequency and urgency of urination

Which characteristic of urine changes in the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Clarity

A client had part of the ileum surgically removed. The nurse monitors the client closely for anemia based on which rationale?

Cobalamin is absorbed in the ileum

The nurse provided education to a client with peptic ulcer disease regarding foods and substances to avoid that would increase the secretion of gastric acid. Which food choice for breakfast selection made by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

Coffee and toast

Which finding in the older adult client is associated with a urinary tract infection? ( Select all that apply)

Confusion Incontinence Slight rise in temperature

A client arrives at a heath clinic reporting a recent onset of hematuria, frequency, urgency, and pain on urination. Which diagnosis will the nurse observe in the clients medical record.

Cystitis

The nurse is caring for a client with a hiatal hernia. Which Risk factor would the nurse assess for in this client?

Obesity

The nurse is assessing female clients and identifies which client has the greatest risk of developing gallbladder disease?

Older than 40 and obese

The nurse is caring for a client with suspected appendicitis. Which assessment finding would the nurse determine would further support the diagnosis?

Pain in the right lower quadrant

Which clinical finding would the nurse expect when assessing a 4-year- old child admitted with nephrotic syndrome?

Dark, frothy urine

A client who has renal failure asks the nurse why anemia keeps recurring. Which reason would the nurse explain to the client?

Decrease in erythropoietin

Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect in a 6-year-old child with celiac disease? (Select all that apply

Diarrhea Muscle wasting Edema Abdominal distention

The nurse reviews the medical record of a client with ascites. Which client condition is a contributing factor to the development of ascites?

Diminished plasma protein level

A healthcare provider prescribes dietary and medication therapy for a client with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. What is appropriate for the nurse to teach the client about meal management?

Divide food into four to six meals a day

After a subtotal gastrectomy, a client demonstrates signs of dumping syndrome. About 90 minutes after the initial attack, the clien t reports feeling shaky. Which would the nurse determine is the latter effect?

An overproduction of insulin that occurs in response to the rise in blood glucose

The nurse is taking care of a client with cirrhosis of the liver. Which clinical manifestations would the nurse assess in the client? (Select all that apply)

Ascites Pruritus Jaundice

The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which recommendations would the nurse give to the client to limit symptoms of GERD? ( Select all that apply)

Avoid heavy lifting Avoid drinking alcohol Eat small, frequent meals

Which reported clinical manifestations would the nurse expect form a client with ulcerative colitis?

Fever Diarrhea Abdominal cramps

To prevent an adverse outcome while proving care for a client experiencing diarrhea, which client data would the nurse closely monitor?

Fluid and electrolyte balance

Which finding is associated with nephrotic syndrome rather than acute glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply)

Generalized edema Massive proteinuria Unchanged blood pressure

The nurse is eliciting a healthy history from a client with ulcerative colitis. Which factor would the nurse consider to be most likely associated with the client's colitis?

Genetic predisposition

Which clinical manifestation would indicate the cancer is in an early stage in a male client with a preliminary diagnosis of cancer of the urinary bladder?

Hematuria

For which clinical indicator associated with a complication of portal hypertension would the nurse assess in the client?

Hemorrhage from esophageal varices

The nurse teaches a client who is concerned about hepatitis transmission routes. Which type of hepatitis spread more frequently through food?

Hepatitis A

Which type of hepatitis is commonly spread by consuming contaminated food and water or by fecal contamination? ( Select all that apply)

Hepatitis A Hepatitis E

An older client's colonoscopy reveals the presence of extensive diverticulosis. Which type of type of diet would the nurse encourage the client to follow?

High-fiber

Which factor may contribute to a client developing urinary calculi?

History of hyperparathyroidism

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease. The nurse identifies a possible contributory risk factor when the client makes which statement?

I smoke one pack of cigarettes a day

The nurse is teaching a client about gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which statement made by the client indicates correct understanding of GERD management?

I will place a 6-inch block under the head of my bed to help with digestion

Which medication would the nurse question when reviewing the home medication list for a client admitted with peptic ulcer disease?

Ibuprofen

A client with jaundice associated with hepatitis expresses concern over the change in skin color?

Inability of the liver to remove normal amounts of bilirubin from the blood

What information from a client's history would the nurse identify as a risk factor for the development of colon cancer?(Select all that apply)

Increased age Ulcerative colitis

Which intervention would prevent urinary stasis and formation of renal calculi in an immobile client?

Increasing oral fluid intake to 2-3 liter a day

Which information would the nurse include when teaching parents about the basic problem in celiac disease?

Intolerance of gluten

Which clinical finding would the nurse expect to find when performing a health history and physical assessment on a client with acute cholecystitis and biliary colic? (Select all that apply)

Intolerance to foods high in fat Pain that radiates to the right shoulder

The nurse is assessing two clients. One client has ulcerative colitis, and the other client has Crohn's disease. Which finding is more likely to be identified in the client with ulcerative colitis than in a client with Crohn's disease?

Involvement starts distally with rectal bleeding that spreads continuously up the colon

Which explanation is the reason that the bacterium E.Coli would be the probable causative agent in a client with cystitis

It inhibits the intestinal tract

A mother whose son has acute glomerulonephritis is fearful that her other children may contract the disorder. Which response would the nurse tell the mother about the origin of AGN?

It is a result of an autoimmune response after a streptococcal infection

Which assessment would the nurse choose for a 4-week-old boy whose mother reports, "He cries all the time and always acts hungry, but he throws up everything"?

Palpating the abdomen for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Which condition in a client's history would lead the nurse to assess for the development of pernicious anemia?

Partial gastrectomy

An older client is admitted to the hospital for rehydration therapy after 3 days of diarrhea. In addition to sodium, which electrolyte would the nurse be most concerned about?

Potassium

The nurse is planning care for a client admitted to the hospital with abdominal spasms and pain associated with severe diarrhea. Which serum blood level would the nurse monitor?

Potassium