PATHO EXAM 2

Which vascular changes in the aging adult can lead to hypertension?

decreased elasticity of the aorta and large arteries

When the semilunar valves open it signals the onset of the ejection period. The aortic pressure reflects changes in the ejection of blood from which part of the heart?

Left ventricle

A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for:

Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back

An older adult client newly diagnosed with systolic hypertension asks her health care provider why this happens. Which response is most accurate?

"With age, your arteries lose their elasticity and are replaced with collagen, which makes your arteries stiffer."

tests to determine atherosclerosis

C-reactive protein, Serum Homocysteine and Lipoprotein levels

older ppl systolic pressure increases which contributes to HTN bc

Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity Decreased elasticity in arterial connective tissue, arteries stiffen

From which one of the following sites is a fatal pulmonary thromboembolism most likely to originate?

Deep vein thrombophlebitis of the leg

A 54-year-old man with a long-standing diagnosis of essential hypertension is meeting with his physician. The client's physician would anticipate that which phenomenon is most likely occurring?

The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in his lungs causes increases in blood pressure and sodium reabsorption

Which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

The cardiac cycle describes the pumping action of the heart. Which statement is correct about systole?

Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart.

aneurysm

\abnormal localized dilation of a blood vessel, balloon looking vessel wall

Lisinopril (Pinivil, Zestril)

ace inhibitors and antihypertensive. Indications: Acute MI, HF, HTN. MOA: binds to and inhibits action of ACE which decreases angio2 serum=reducing aldosterone Adverse: orthostatic hypotension, COUGH, headache, angioedema, agranulocytosis, hepatoxicty BB warning: Fetal injury and death may occur when taken with pregnancy Contra indications: pregnancy, CKD, Hyperkalemia, angioedema Drug interactions: decreased antihypertensive activity and worsen renal disease (w/NSAID), synergistic hypotensive action (w/ diuretics and other antihypertensives), hyperkalemia (w/K+ supplements, K+ sparring diuretics) and additive hypotension (w/hawthrone)

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a postsurgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement?

apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities

resistance vessels

arterioles

pressure-sensitive receptors that respond to changes in the stretch of the vessel wall.

baroreceptors

important intervention for patients with PAD

make sure they are walk to increase circulation BF

Lisinopril timeline

peak-6-8hr po Onset-1hr Duration-24hr half life-12hr

What is the function of the right ventricle?

pump blood to lungs

A client has prominent jugular veins. What type of medical problem is associated with prominent jugular veins?

right sided failure

theories of pain

specific theory, pattern theory, gate control theory and neuromatrix

The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is called what?

stroke volume

gate control theory

the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.

An older adult client is newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which vascular changes in the aging adult can lead to hypertension?

decreased elasticity of the aorta and large arteries