Patho Final Review

25 y/o just had a colonoscopy and was diagnosed with crohn disease. which of the following are consistent with this diagnosis? a. RLQ cramping b. severe bloody diarrhea c. N/V d. mostly affects the rectum

A

a 30 y/o has poorly controlled asthma & is taking prednisone 10 mg by mouth once a day. he has been on this regimen for 6 wks. abrupt withdrawal or d/c of this med can cause: a. adrenal crisis b. hypercortisolism c. ACTH stimulation d. thyroid crisis

A

a patient was sneezing frequently after a few days of allergic rhinitis, & she noticed her eye became red. she denies any trauma, eye pain, or visual disturbance. physical exam reveals a subconjunctival hemorrhage. which statement is accurate pertaining to this case? a. the hemorrhage will resolve w/o treatment w/in 2 wks b. the patient should be referred for immediate ophthalmologic exam c. corticosteroids eye drops will be prescribed to reduce the bleeding d. abx eye drops will be prescribed to prevent infx

A

in which patients would the manifestation of a HA be a sign of a serious underlying disorder? a. a 55 y/o man w/ new onset of HA that are worse at night & reported mood swings according to his family b. a 30 y/o woman with a unilateral throbbing HA w/ photophobia & nausea c. a 60 y/o man w/ his head feeling full and throbbing and muscle aching around his neck and shoulders d. a 40 y/o woman who experiences food cravings, gets irritable, & then develops a pulsatile-like HA on R side of her head

A

manifestations of cushing syndrome include: a. truncal obesity w/ thin extremities b. enlargement of face, hands, & feet c. cachexia d. thick scalp hair

A

multiple sclerosis manifests as asymmetrical & in different parts of the body because: a. autoreactive lymphocytes are causing diffuse patchy damage to the myelin sheath in the CNS b. acetylcholine receptors are destroyed by igG c. autoreactive T lymphocytes cause progressive loss of neurons in the substantia nigra d. cortical motor cells degenerate

A

which of the following chronic inflammatory skin disorders is characterized by angiogenesis, immune cell activation (particularly T cells), & keratinocyte proliferation? a. psoriasis b. melanoma c. atopic dermatitis d. urticaria

A

_____ is a cause of the crystallization w/in the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis a. destruction of proteoglycans b. underexcretion of uric acid c. overexcretion of uric acid d. increased absorption of uric acid

B

a 27 y/o woman who has epilepsy had a generalized seizure. after the seizure, she feels tired and falls asleep. this is: a. an ominous sign b. normal & termed the postical period c. a reflection of an underlying brain tumor d. only worrisome if there are focal neurologic deficits after

B

in which disorder does a S. aureus organism produce a toxin leading to exfoliation & large blister formation? a. herpes simplex I virus b. bullous impetigo c. necrotizing fasciitis d. cellulitis

B

multiple dark bands on the nails: a. are considered a normal variant b. can be associated w/ malignant melanoma c. are indicative of a nail fungus d. are associated w/ aging

B

muscular dystrophy is a result of an abnormality of the muscle protein: a. glycoprotein b. dystrophin c. troponin d. actinomyosin

B

which of the following eye disorders manifest w/ red eye, pain, & visual acuity changes? a. bacterial conjunctivitis b. acute closed-angle glaucoma c. chronic open-angle glaucoma d. blepharitis

B

which of the following is a common cause of mechanical small intestine obstruction? a. infx b. postop adhesions c. tumors d. foreign body

B

which of the following women are at highest risks for the development of endometrial ca? a. 50 y/o postmenopausal woman w/ a hx of high-risk HPV b. 45 y/o woman who is obese & whose menstrual pattern consists of periods of amenorrhea & are infrequent c. 40 y/o woman who is overweight & has HTN d. 55 y/o woman who smokes

B

The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease include: a. constipation w/ gastric distention b. bradycardia & bradypnea c. hyperthermia & tachycardia d. constipation and lethargy

C

a 51 y/o woman has the following clinical findings: thin hair, exophthalmos, hyperreflexia, & pretibial edema. These findings are consistent w/: a. subacute thyroiditis b. autoimmune thyroidititis c. graves disease d. hashimoto's disease

C

a 70 y/o woman has difficulty w/ driving, and she has been frequently getting lost. her husband said she has also been acting strange and seems to want to sleep a lot. he said the other night she kept saying she was seeing animals such as lions in her room. he says her memory is not too bad, but he is very concerned about her health. physical exam reveals an alert woman w/ stable VS. bradykinesia & limb rigidity are noted. these findings are consisten with: a. alzheimer disease b. vascular dementia c. dementia w/ lewy body d. frontotemporal dementia

C

a woman is complaining that she feels like the room is spinning even though she is not moving. which of the following is characteristic of benign positional vertigo? a. it usually occurs w/ a HA b. pupillary changes are common c. it usually triggered when the patient beds forward d. nystagmus continues even when eyes fixate on an object

C

rhabdomyolysis can result in serious complications. in addition to muscle pain & weakness, a patient will complain of: a. paresthesias b. bone pain c. dark urine d. diarrhea

C

which of the following is a characteristic of osteosarcoma? a. slow-growing tumor that begins in the bone marrow b. solitary tumor that most often affects the metaphyseal region of the femur or tibia c. an aggressive tumor most often found in the bone marrow of long bones d. tumor that infiltrates the trabeculae in spongy bone & implants in surrounding tissue

C

which of the following statements characterize IBS? a. usually causes anemia b. generally associated w/ intestinal e. coli c. can be associated w/ anxiety &/or depression d. often associated w/ bloody diarrhea

C

a man w/ gout has developed large, hard nodules around his toes & elbows. the phase of gout he is in is: a. asymptomatic b. acute flare c. intercritical period d. chronic gout

D

macular degeneration occurs as a result of: a. loss of lens accommodation b. detachment of the retina c. increased intraocular pressure d. impaired blood supply leading to cellular waste accumulation & ischemia

D

which of the following disorders is more likely associated with blood in stool? a. GERD b. crohn's c. IBS d. colon ca

D

women who have breast ca d/t a BRCA1 gene mutation are usually: a. positive for human epidermal receptor 1 & 2 b. negative for receptor to estrogen c. positive for receptors to estrogen, progesterone, & human epidermal receptor 2 d. negative for receptors to estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal receptor 2

D

which of the following birthmarks usually fade or regress as the child gets older? a. hemangiomas b. congenital dermal melanocytosis (mongolian spots) c. macular stains d. nevus flammeus (port wine stains) E. hemanigiomas, congenital dermal melanocytosis, & macular stains

E

which of the following characterizes ductal carcinoma in situ? a. it is less common than lobular carcinoma in situ b. malignant cells have not invaded the stroma c. it is considered a cancer precursor d. it has a higher risk for invasive cancer in comparison to lobular carcinoma in situ e. malignant cells have not invaded the stroma, it is considered a cancer precursor, and it has a higher risk for invasive cancer in comparison to lobular carcinoma in sity

E

which of the following patients are at higher risk for developing oral ca? a. a female who has taken oral contraceptives for the last 4 yrs b. an adult male with a hx of alcoholism c. an adult female who eats spicy foods regularly d. a middle-aged male who smokes a pipe e. an older adult female who chews gum frequently f. both an adult male w/ a hx of alcoholism & a middle-aged male who smokes a pipe

F