Patho II Exam 2 Ch.20

10. A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.

obstructive

22. The urinary signs and symptoms of acute renal failure associated with the progressive stage of shock are (Select all that apply.)

oliguria, increased serum creatinine.

7. Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is due to

peripheral pooling of blood.

5. In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

high cardiac output.

18. Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

nitric oxide.

19. Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

baroreceptor activity.

4. Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?

Crystalloids

24. A patient experiences anaphylactic shock. The nurse expects to observe which signs and symptoms in the patient? (Select all that apply.)

Hypotension Urticaria Angioedema Wheezing

12. Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?

Septic

8. A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

Septic

25. Septic shock is commonly associated with Gram-negative infections and Gram-positive organisms that enter the body through the (Select all that apply.)

genitourinary tract. gastrointestinal tract. respiratory tract. skin.

9. In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 ml of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

Class II, Compensated Stage

15. The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

vasodilation.

29. _________________ is a serious complication of septic shock characterized by abnormal clot formation in the microvasculature throughout the body.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

1. The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

tachycardia

20. Which causes of shock are considered to be obstructive? (Select all that apply)

Pulmonary embolus, Cardiac tamponade, Tension pneumothorax

21. A patient experiencing shock may exhibit which signs and symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Pulse of more than 100 beats/minute, Fast and deep respirations

16. Sepsis has been recently redefined as

a systemic inflammatory response to infection.

11. The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

antibiotics.

3. Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.

cardiogenic

23. Positive inotropic drugs work by increasing (Select all that apply.)

contractility. cardiac output. tissue perfusion. myocardial oxygen demand.

27. Lactated Ringer solution and normal saline are commonly used ________

crystalloid

14. Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

decrease left ventricular afterload.

28. A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is ____________.

neurogenic shock

2. Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

reduced cardiac output.

26. A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of ____________.

respiratory alkalosis

17. A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock.

septic

6. Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in

systemic vascular resistance.

13. Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

Anaphylactic