PATHO QUIZ 5

A patient being treated for acute tubular necrosis (ATN) develops mild polyuria. The nurse responds to questions about why this occurring by stating

"His renal tubules are recovering, so he is making more urine, but he is not able to concentrate urine well, because he is not fully recovered."

The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in

a 70 y/o patient with heart failure

Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?

ace inhibitors

Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing

acute tubular necrosis

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is

an immune complex reaction

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by

decreased secretion of erythropoietin

A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing

dysmenorrhea

A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes

early menarche and late first pregnancy

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

hematuria

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

hydronephrosis

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as

hyperemesis gravidarum

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of

hyperparathyroidism

A change occurring in a pregnant woman that is indicative of a potential disorder is

increased urinary protein

The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence

is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle.

The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is

less than 100 mL

A person is unaware that his bladder is full of urine, but complains that he is leaking urine almost constantly. The most accurate term for this type of incontinence is

overflow

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called

overflow incontinence.

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

pain

Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ________ test.

papanicolau

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is

pelvic tumor

Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n) ________ to hold the uterus in place.

pessary

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include

proteinuria

The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is

serum creatinine

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

severe hypotension

Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of

testicular torsion

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

they are deficient in active vitamin D

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is

throat infection

Erection requires the release of nitrous oxide into the corpus cavernosum during sexual stimulation. T/F

true

Infection can lead to bladder stone formation. T/F

true

The best intervention for acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevention. T/F

true

The most common cause of urinary obstruction in male newborns and infants is urethral valves. T/F

true

The prognosis of penile carcinoma depends upon the stage of the disease. T/F

true

What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease?

uremia

Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for

urge incontinence

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds

"Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored."

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age.

9

Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis.

Candida albicans

Detrusor muscle overactivity can be improved by administration of

botulinum toxin.

The most common type of renal stone is

calcium

A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely

carcinoma