Patho test 1
Many patients are incredibly stressed during their health care crisis. This causes them to elevate their sympathetic nervous system and decrease their parasympathetic nervous system. The only way to elevate the parasympathetic nervous system is to have adequate sleep. In order to decrease a patient and their families stress, What education and support would you give them during this time? What education and support would you give to their support system? How are you going to facilitate a proper sleep hygiene pattern for your patients?
A lot of the stress that is on the patient is caused by not having answers and being confused with what is going on. As a nurse I need to stop and listen to everything that the patient has to say. They want to know that you are listening to them and know all of the concerns that they have. Having a talk with them and and they the what and the how can help relieve some of the stress that they are having. Let the patient know what the journey ahead looks like and that you are theur to support them. Get on a personal level with your patient so they feel comfortable with you. You also need to inform the family members that they need to remember to have self-care for themselves. To create a proper sleep hygiene pattern for my patients I will try and make sure that the pateint is set to sleep with how they like it. I will let the patient try to get to sleep by a certain time each night so their body gets acquired to the time to go to bed. They should also have a routine to their night to help them settle now and relax.
Describe what tumor suppressor gene means for a client that possess that genetic trait in comparison to a patient that does not have this genetic trait?
A tumor suppressor gene means for a client that posses the genetic trait that mutation to their cells could lead to cancer.
Tell me differences between atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia. Also denote a condition where you find each of these cellular changes.
Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and metaplasia are the four basic types of cellular adaption. Atrophy occurs when cells shrink and reduce their function. A condition where you find atrophy is in ischemia. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell mass. You find hypertrophy from exercise and the muscle growing. Hyperplasia is increasing the number of cells. Chronic irritation often results from hyperplasia. Metaplasia is the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. Chronic irritation of the bronchial mucosa from cigarette smole is an example when metaplasia plays in and changes the type of epithellium.
Describe to me what nutritional needs and exercise activities are encouraged to help for cancer patients and why? What nutritional needs and exercise activities are discouraged to cancer patients and why (these usually slow healing and increase metastasis)?
Nutritional needs that are encouraged for cancer patients are Nutritional needs that discouraged to cancer patients are alchol and tabacco.
Tell me why is negative and positive feedback important for the human body? Describe an example of a negative and positive feedback loop in the body. Describe a disorder that is a result of an improper mechanism of negative and positive feedback loop
Positive and negative feedbacks are important for the human body because they allow the body to maintain homeostasis. Labor is a good example of positive feedback. During birth pressure on the cervix causing pituitary glands to produce oxytocin. This caused the uterus to contract and help push the baby along. Positive loops amplify the action, so more and more oxytocin is being produced when in labor. Negative feedback loops cause a decrease in reaction. Negative feedback is something that occurs throughout your day. When our bodies overheat, negative feedback will bring the body back to the normal temperature. Diabetes is a good example of improper mechanisms in a negative feedback loop. It occurs when the control mechanism for insulin becomes imbalanced.
Go to the CDC website https://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/progress-report/hai-progress-report.pdf. Find the state that you plan to practice and find the highest nosocomial infection in that state. Then tell me what hospital policies should be implemented to reduce the nosocomial infection from spreading to different patients at different stage (pathogenesis) for that infection.
The state that I plan to practice in is Missouri. Missouri's highest nosocmial infection is MRSA Bacteremia. MRSA Bacteremia is spread by contaminated hands and can cause serious bloodstream infections. Polices that should be implemented should be for healthcare workers to clean their hands with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before and after caring for every patient, Carefully clean hospital roms and medical equipment and to sse Contact Precautions when dealing with a patient that already has it.
According to CDC, Missouri has heart disease and cancer are the top 2 leading causes of death for residents. What action plans should the nursing profession implement in their daily practice in order to reduce prevalence of these diseases in the state of Missouri. Your action plans should be to treat these diseases at the primary level rather than secondary or tertiary level.
To treat these diseases at the primary level nursing professions should supply their patients high at risk with information with how to help prevent them from getting it. If a patient is susceptible to get one of these diseases they should be prepared with how to change their out put of getting it. Nurses should ask the patients what they do with their daily lives so they can determine if the patient is contributing to their high chance of getting the disease. With the knowledge that the nurse receives from their questioning they can inform the patient with what to do.
Practical scenario: You discover during medical intake that the client has a family history of genetic cancer. Will you advocate for your client to be genetically tested for their familial cancer(s)? Why or why not (think all encompassing topic issues: treatment at primary, secondary, or tertiary care; knowledge and stress of disease process; healthcare budgeting; ethics including if insurance companies having access to this information) Note: Every major hospital system has their own insurance company.
Yes, I would advocate for my client to be genetically tested for their familial cancer. If they had the knowledge of possibly getting the genetic cancer they can take steps towards the direction of changing that occurrence or ways to attack the cancer before it reaches a bad stage.
In completing an assessment on a patient, why are you going to ask each patient "Tell me more about that" when they give you a sign or symptom. In asking symptoms and a patient tells you that they have had symptoms for X period of time, when does it change from "acute" to "chronic" condition? Why is it important in treatment planning to know if a disease is a sequela disease?
You are going to ask a patient to tell you more after they give you a symptom so you can narrow down the possibilities of what the patient has. One symptom can go to many illnesses so have them describe out to you what exactly is happening can help eliminate the others and prevent you from diagnosing them incorrectly. It can also make sure that you are getting the right understanding of what they are saying. If it lasts for more than three weeks it is considered a chronic condition.
Describe to me why certain hormones (lipids-based hormones) can move directly through the cell membrane in comparison to hormones (protein based hormones) have to bind to the outside of the cell and then send secondary messengering inside in order to work? Which hormones are in each of the 2 categories? How does this affect the way we deliver/treat hormone conditions?
lipid-based hormone moves directly through the cell membrane because they are lipophilic, unlike some of the protein-based hormones which are lipophobic (or mostly they are hydrophilic), these lipophilic, lipid-based hormones fuse to the phospholipid membrane easily and gets transferred inside the cell. And the protein-based hormones which are insoluble in lipid cannot mix through the phospholipid layer and hence requires a special receptor, channel or gate to pass through the cell membrane, these channels are mostly composed of protein and hence assists the transfer of protein-based hormones.