Patho Unit 6 Quiz Practice

An newborn has been diagnosed with renal agenesis. Which characteristics should the nurse mention to the parents as it correlates to this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Epicanthic folds (skin of the upper eyelid) are present Low-set ears Receding chin

What is the most common cause of a lower urinary tract infection?

Escherichia Coli

Which condition/disorder would the nurse see as being likely to cause the most serious long-term problems?

Polycystic kidney disease

A nurse is caring for a child with Wilms tumor, stage I. Which statements are true regarding this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Prognosis is good with treatment The tumor is limited to the kidneys and can be excised with the capsular surface intact

Which substance would not be found in glomerular filtrate?

Protein

Most common uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by ____ that enter through the urethra.

Escherichia coli

A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. The client asks the nurse what diffuse means. The nurse responds:

"All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved."

Which client is likely at the greatest risk of developing a urinary tract infection?

A 79-year-old client with an indwelling catheter

Which client is displaying manifestations of having a kidney stone?

Acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen

A child has been brought to an urgent care clinic. The parents state that the child is "not making water." When taking a history, the nurse learns the child had a sore throat about 1 week ago but seems to have gotten over it. "We [parents] only had to give antibiotics for 3 days for the throat to be better." The nurse should suspect the child has developed:

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

A 34-year-old woman presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills, moderate to high fever, and a constant ache in her lower back. She is also experiencing dysuria, urinary frequency, and a feeling of urgency. Her partner states that she has been very tired the last few days and that she looked like she may have the flu. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Acute pyelonephritis

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The analysis is reviewed for the presence of which manifestation?

Albumin

Most primary glomerular disease is caused by which pathophysiologic disorder?

Autoimmunity

The form of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) that first manifests in the early infant period is most commonly characterized as:

Autosomal recessive

The nurse suspects that a newborn infant who presents with bilateral flank masses, impaired lung development, and oliguria may be suffering from which disorder?

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

Acute pyelonephritis is a result of:

Bacterial infection

Which clinical manifestations would you expect to see in an infant diagnosed with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)?

Bilateral flank masses and impaired lung development

A client who has had an intestinal bypass has developed a kidney stone. Which type of kidney stone does the nurse recognize that this client will most likely be treated for?

Calcium

Hospitalized neonates are at greatest risk of developing septicemia related to which procedure?

Catheter-associated bacteriuria

The family asks the nurse what the usual treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis entails. What is the nurse's best response?

Corticosteroids

Which procedure is a nonsurgical method of treatment for renal calculi (kidney stones)?

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

The nurse assesses a client in an ambulatory care facility. Which manifestation(s) leads the nurse to advocate for investigation of possible acute pyelonephritis? Select all that apply.

Flank pain in the back Abrupt onset of fever and chills Urinary urgency and frequency

A client has passed a kidney stone composed of uric acid (urate). Which of the following pathologic conditions is a contributing factor for the development of this type of kidney stone?

Gout

While taking a history from an adult client newly diagnosed with renal cell cancer, the nurse can associate which high-risk factor with the development of this cancer?

Heavy smoking

Which client clinical manifestation most clearly suggests a need for diagnostic testing to rule out renal cell carcinoma?

Hematuria

The nurse is assessing a client who has a unilateral obstruction of the urinary tract. Which clinical finding by the nurse correlates to this diagnosis?

Increase in blood pressure

Manifestations of polycystic kidney disease include which of the following?

Increase in kidney size bilaterally

A nurse advises a client with recurring UTIs to drink large amounts of water. What normal protective action is the nurse telling the client to utilize?

Increase washout of urine

The nurse is planning care for a client with a urinary tract obstruction. The nurse includes assessment for which possible complication?

Increased blood pressure

Unilateral obstruction of the urinary tract may result in renin secretion, thereby leading to which manifestation?

Increased blood pressure

A client has recently undergone successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of renal calculi. Which measures should the client integrate into his or her lifestyle to reduce the risk of recurrence?

Increased fluid intake and dietary changes

The nurse assesses a client in an ambulatory care facility. Which manifestation(s) leads the nurse to advocate for investigation of possible acute pyelonephritis? Select all that apply.

Microalbuminuria is a predictor of future nephropathies

A client admitted with acute pyelonephritis has shaking chills and acute pain. What other clinical manifestations will the nurse likely assess for this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Moderate to high fever Frequency, urgency, and dysuria

What are contributing factors of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis? Select all that apply.

Occurs after infection of group A-hemolytic streptococci May result from impetigo Primarily infects the pharynx

Select the manifestations of renal cell carcinoma. Select all that apply.

Palpable flank mass Often silent in the early stages Hematuria

The initiating event in the development of nephrotic syndrome is a derangement in the glomerular membrane that causes increased permeability to which substance?

Plasma proteins

A client diagnosed with Goodpasture syndrome would require which therapy to remove proteins and autoantibodies from the system

Plasmapheresis

Which assessment finding would lead the nurse to suspect the client has developed nephrotic syndrome?

Proteinuria and generalized edema

An older adult client has been hospitalized for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which characteristic of the client is most likely implicated in the etiology of this current health problem?

Recently had a urinary tract infection

The nurse reviews the lab results for a client who has advanced autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The client 's hemoglobin is 8.8 g/dL (88 g/L). The nurse suspects this lab value is related to which cause?

Reduced production of erythropoietin

What is the most common cancer of the kidney?

Renal cell carcinoma

The nurse is performing a history and physical on a client with diabetic nephropathy. Findings include BP 124/80; smokes two packs of cigarettes/day; diet high in saturated fats and sodium. Which intervention can help prevent the progression of the diabetic nephropathy?

Smoking cessation program

What are appropriate interventions in the care of a client diagnosed with renal calculi? Select all that apply.

Straining the clients urine Addressing the client's pain Keeping track of intake and output

A client is being treated for calcium oxalate kidney stones. The nurse will include which intervention in the client's care? Select all that apply.

Straining urine Administering calcium carbonate Increasing fluid intake

A female teenager has experienced three uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the past 3 months. Which action should the nurse include in education for this teenager?

Taking antimicrobials to treat Escherichia coli while forcing fluids

A nurse observes that a client's urine is cola colored and considers which factor as a possible reason?

The client's urine contains material from the degradation of red blood cells

Which signs and symptoms in a 2-year-old child should prompt assessment for a urinary tract infection?

Unexplained fever and anorexia

The nurse caring for an older adult notes a marked decrease in mental acuity over a 24-hour period. What assessment indicates the most likely cause of this change?

Urine cloudy with strong odor

What is the most common cause of a lower urinary tract infection?

What is the most common cause of a lower urinary tract infection?

Prior to undergoing diagnostic testing with contrast, it is recommended that older adult clients have their creatinine level checked. The rationale for this is to ensure the client:

Will not undergo an acute kidney injury by decreasing renal blood flow

The nurse recognizes the most common cause of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis as:

a streptococcal infection 7 to 12 days prior to onset.

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client. Which laboratory findings would the nurse correlate with nephrotic syndrome?

elevated urine protein level (>3.5 g/day) and hypoalbuminemia

A nurse is assessing a client's risk for developing a hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) and determines that which of the following places the client at greatest risk?

Indwelling urinary catheter

What is the usual cause of acute pyelonephritis?

Infection

A cytotechnologist is performing genetic testing on a series of tissues. One tissue comes back with the WT1 mutation, and it's mapped to chromosome 11. What disease will the client most likely develop?

Wilms tumor

The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client with suspected nephrotic syndrome. The nurse anticipates the results to include:

protein in the urine.

A major complication of prolonged bed rest is an increased risk of kidney stones. The nurse knows that this is most likely related to:

saturation of urine with calcium salts.

Which statement about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is accurate?

ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce renal vasoconstriction.

The nurse is evaluating the urinalysis results of a client presenting with polyuria and lower abdominal pain due to a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Which finding should the nurse report as evidence of a UTI?

Increased nitrites

Which is the most important factor in reducing hospital-acquired (nosocomial) urinary tract infections?

Using urinary catheters only when necessary and their prompt removal when no longer needed

A teenager has been admitted with the diagnosis of Alport syndrome. The client has been passing large amounts of blood in the urine. Knowing that this disorder is inherited and associated with other abnormalities, the nurse should focus assessment on which area?

Visual disturbances and hearing loss