Pathology

Benign tumors grow by _______ and malignant tumors by _______. -"expansion, infiltration" -"infiltration, expansion" -"hypertrophy, hyperplasia" -"hyperplasia, hypertrophy"

"expansion, infiltration"

how many stages does a bedsore have?

5

A "big box" black and white television from the days of old would have what structural abnormality if it were human? -Achromatopsia -Occulta -Amelia -Aplasia

Achromatopsia

what is the ancient, outdated term for kidney disease that is no longer used today?

Bright's Disease

hyperparathyroidism increases the level of _______ in the blood.

Calcium

This nervous system disease is not caused by any infection and is not progressive in nature. It is found in children.

Cerebral palsy

The human body has the ability to regrow some internal organs that have been reduced in size, often from surgery. The spontaneous regeneration of such organs is an example of -Compensatory hyperplasia -Physiological hyperplasia -Normal hypertrophy -Pathological hyperplasia

Compensatory hyperplasia

which of the following results from an excess of the hormone cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome

SIDS or Sudden Infant Death, is often caused by structural abnormalities and birth defects. True/False

False

If you did not know the definition of a term, one could break the word down into its component parts. Using this technique, a young scientist who lost his Tabor's Cyclopedic Dictionary could reason that "hypoxia" is most closely associated with -Oxygen -Blood -Fat -Excess amounts

Oxygen

Match the following wounds with their characteristics: Stab wound Laceration Blunt force wound Similar to the grain of wood Close-range gunshot wound Incision Langer's Lines Wide zone of powder stippling

Stab wound Incision Blunt force wound Laceration Close-range gunshot wound Wide zone of powder stippling Langer's Lines Similar to the grain of wood

Match a term with the definition: formation of blood clot within the heart or vessels

Thrombosis

A tumor can still be malignant even if it ends in the suffix -oma. True/False

True

match term with definition: achondroplasia

dwarfism

Match a term with the definition: decreased blood flow to a part of body

ischemia

match term with description: nephrolithiasis

kidney stones

in this condition bones become porous, brittle, and have a tendency to break easily. what is?

osteoporosis

______ is a malignant tumor of bones

osteosarcoma

match term to description: concussion

temporary grogginess due to blow to the head

Define stenosis

the abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body; abnormal constriction of a channel or orifice

Define occlusion

the blockage or closing of a blood vessel or hollow organ

Define hypertrophy

the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of cells composing it

Define dilatation

the pathological condition of the heart being enlarged due to a stretching of the muscle fibers, occurring normally, artificially, or as a result of disease

match inflammatory disease of respiratory system with primary location: tracheitis

trachea

T/F According to the CDC, there are over 1 billion colds in the US each year caused by over 200 different viruses.

true

Prolapse is a condition of heart ____.

valves

_____ is a common form of hyperadrenalism in which the control of body's water and salt level is affected

Cushing's syndrome

Cachexia is associated with patients who have good nutrition, wasting away of the body, and exhibit starvation. True/False

False

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called ecology. True/False

False

Factors affecting cardiovascular systems include

Heredity Obesity Diet Diabetes

Some of the causes of cancer are______. Choose all correct answers. -Heredity -viruses -environmental factors -bacteria -hormones

Heredity viruses environmental factors hormones

Hyperplasia is increase in the size of the body part due to increase in number of cells. True/False

True

There are two types of tumors: benign and malignant. True/False

True

which of the following lesions is indicative of the period tertiary stage of syphilis?

a gumma

match term with definition: giantism

abnormally tall person

which of the following is not associated with hyperparathyroidism?

aldosterone

Match names of conditions with the terms.

arteries become hardened and thickened

Presence of any substances in the pleural cavity puts pressure on the lungs and make them collapse, a condition indicated with the term

atelectasis

what is the difference between a general benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?

benign enlarged prostates are not cancerous.

hyperparathyroidism increases the level of ____ in the blood.

calcium

Define leukemia

cancer of the blood characterized by the appearance of immature and abnormal white blood cells 10 to 100 times their normal range

lymphatic system disease and symptom: lymphoma

cancer of the lymphatic system

Which on the following is a form of necrosis in which a cheeselike substance is located at the center of an area of pink necrosis surrounded by inflammatory granule? -ischemic necrosis -wet gangrene -caseous necrosis -gas gangrene

caseous necrosis

what postmortem condition is not associated with urinary disorders?

cavitation

a fracture in which a bone is crushed or splintered is called

comminuted

Associate this characteristic of a heart attack: acute cardiac failure

complete occlusion of coronary artery

Define purpura

condition of spontaneous bleeding occurring in the subcutaneous tissues causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin

____ is a condition in males when testes do not descend down to the scrotum before birth.

cryptoorchidism

what postmortem condition is not associated with digestive disorders?

cyanosis and odor

Match the malformations to the terms: "a sac-like structure, containing fluid or a semi-solid substance"

cyst

Define leukopenia

decrease in white blood cells, indicating a viral infection

match term with description: cirrhosis

degeneration of the liver cells

what postmortem conditions are not associated with endocrine gland disorders? dehydration edema deformities discoloration

dehydration

For an embalmer, infections of the digestive system can lead to several problems, such as

dehydration rapid blood coagulation rapid decomposition

what postmortem condition is not associated with respiratory disorders?

dehydration and edema

Associate this characteristic of a heart attack: -itis

denotes inflammation

what postmortem condition is not associated with disorders of the lymphatic system? discoloration edema emaciation metastasis

discoloration

match term with definition: diabetes mellitis

disease due to insufficient insulin produced by the body

Define arteriosclerosis

disease of the arteries due to thickening and hardening of the walls, occurring typically in old age

the brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of protective membranes called the meninges. These meninges are:

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

what is the primary difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia?

eclampsia is characterized by severe agitation and seizures.

what postmortem condition is not associated with disorders of the integument? edema discolorations dehydration pigmentation or depigmentation

edema

______ is not infection but is long term chronic deterioration and destruction of lung tissue.

emphysema

hydrocephalus and encephalitis both cause swelling of the brain. what is the primary difference between the two diseases?

encephalitis is caused by a virus. hydrocephalus is not.

endometrial tissue is the tissue present in the lining of uterus but when it is found elsewhere it causes problems such as pain, swelling, and bleeding. This condition is called:

endometriosis

what is the primary difference between endometritis and endocervicitis?

endometritis is primarily due to a bacterial infection.

match term with definition: acromegaly

enlargement of some bones in skull, hands and feet

lymphatic system disease and symptom: splenomegaly

enlargement of the spleen

trauma to the Head may result into cerebral hemorrhage which are often categorized based on where they occur in relation to the meninges. the hemorrhage that occurs outside of the dura is called:

epidural

what causes jaundice?

excess of bilirubin

T/F Cardiomyopathy is the disease of heart valve.

false

T/F Ductus arteriosus means opening between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to open.

false

T/F Gingivitis is the decaying of the teeth.

false

T/F Gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes and HIV are sexually transmitted diseases that are caused by viruses and that is why they are difficult to control.

false

T/F Leukocytosis is the drop in number of white blood cells due to infection.

false

T/F Nervous system is divided into two parts; central nervous system and anatomical nervous system.

false (central and peripheral)

T/F Goiter is the decrease in size of thyroid gland that may be caused by the deficiency of iodine in the body

false (increase in size)

Match names of conditions with the terms. atherosclerosis

formation of plaques in the arteries

match inflammatory disease of digestive system with primary location: cholecystitis

gall bladder

match inflammatory disease of digestive system with primary location: cholelithiasis

gallstones

the classification of bone fracture that is characterized by a break that does not include the entire bone is:

greenstick

match inflammatory disease of digestive system with primary location: gingivitis

gums

Formation of varicose veins in the rectal area is called

hemorrhoids

match term with definition: kyphosis

humpback condition

what is the primary difference between orchitis and hydrocele?

hydrocele is a congenital defect. orchitis occurs post birth.

Underdevelopment of a kidney is called

hypoplasia

match term with definition: cretinism

hypothyroidism that causes dwarfism and mental retardation in children

match term with description: food poisoning

infection of the intestines

match term to description: neuritis

inflammation of a nerve

Match names of conditions with the terms. arteritis

inflammation of an artery

match term with definition: bursitis

inflammation of bursae

match term with description: diverticulitis

inflammation of diverticula

match term to description: epididymitis

inflammation of epididymis

match term with description: glomerulonephritis

inflammation of glomeruli

match term with description: pyelitis

inflammation of kidney pelvis

Match these vocabulary terms to their meanings. bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

match term with description: pyelonephritis

inflammation of the kidney

Match these vocabulary terms to their meanings. pneumonia

inflammation of the lungs

lymphatic system disease and symptom: lymphadenopathy

inflammation of the lymph nodes

lymphatic system disease and symptom: lymphangitis

inflammation of the lymph vessels

Match these vocabulary terms to their meanings. rhinitis

inflammation of the nasal passage

match term to description: oophoritis

inflammation of the ovaries

Match these vocabulary terms to their meanings. sinusitis

inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

Match these vocabulary terms to their meanings. pleuripsy

inflammation of the pleura

match term to description: prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland

match term with definition: dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

match term to description:

inflammation of the spinal cord

match term with description: gastristis

inflammation of the stomach

lymphatic system disease and symptom: tonsillitis

inflammation of the tonsils

match term to description: uteitis

inflammation of the uterus

Crohn's disease is commonly known as:

inflammatory bowel disease

match term to description: epilepsy

interference with the normal electric activity of the brain

match

intestines

match inflammatory disease of urinary system with primary location: pyelonephritis

kidneys

match inflammatory disease of respiratory system with primary location: laryngitis

larynx

Inflammation that affects the lobes of lungs is called

lobar pneumonia

Match names of conditions with the terms.

localized weakening and dilation of an artery wall

match inflammatory disease of respiratory system with primary location: bronchitis

lungs

which of the following disorders is characterized by red streaks extending from the infected area to the axillary space or groin?

lymphangitis

match term with definition: melanoma

malignant tumor of the skin

match inflammatory disease of urinary system with primary location: glomerulonephritis

nephrons

Neuroma is a tumor found in. -muscles -nervous tissue -connective tissue -epithelial tissue

nervous tissue

let's say you looked at a big scientific word and didn't know the meaning of the top of your head. one way to glean the answer is to break it down into root words, prefixes and suffixes. using this technique which word would you associate with diseases of the nervous system?

neurotropic

What is the main difference between a broken bone and a fractured bone?

none

match inflammatory disease of respiratory system with primary location: rhinitis

nose

CPT Kirk, a male, is a deep space astronaut warping across the universe in the Starship Enterprise on a five year mission. What disease would he most likely acquire over time during his journey that would be in common with an earth-bound post-menopausal woman of 70?

osteoporosis

Associate this characteristic of a heart attack: chronic cardiac failure

partial occlusion of coronary artery

match inflammatory disease of respiratory system with primary location: pharyngitis

pharynx

Inflammation of the veins is called

phlebitis

_______ is a form of papilloma that grown with a stem from the underlying tissue. -wart -polyp -melanoma -osteoma

polyp

match term with description: hernia

protrusion of an organ through the wall in which it is contained

Match terms with their definitions. an elevation on the skin with pus

pustule

This term describe the replacement of damaged tissue with identical tissue. -resolution -repair -regeneration -suppuration -exude

regeneration

match inflammatory disease of urinary system with primary location: nephrolithiasis

renal calculi

match inflammatory disease of urinary system with primary location: pyelitis

renal pelvis

Why would diseases of the heart and blood vessel be of particular concern to an embalmer? -result in vascular damage that impede introduction of embalming fluid -rise in heart-related deaths nationwide will increase business at the firm -nature of these diseases force the use of PPE -there is no concern to the embalmer

result in vascular damage that impede introduction of embalming fluid

match term to description: eclampsia

results in convulsions, coma, and even death during pregnancy

match term with definition: hyperparathyroidism

results in softening of bones

What is the primary difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?

rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease; osteoarthritis is degenerative and genetic

___ is a developmental disorder in which the spinal cord contains an abnormal curvature.

scoliosis

match term to description: Parkinson's disease

shaking palsy that develops later in life

Nevus or melanoma is a cancer of . -blood -bone -nervous tissue -skin -muscles

skin

What body part does this tumor affect? Leiomyoma

smooth muscle

match term with definition: ostomalacia

softening of bones in adults

match term with definition: rickets

softening of bones in children

which of the following may occur in cases of sickle cell anemia?

splenomegaly

The narrowing of the opening of the heart valves.

stenosis

match inflammatory disease of digestive system with primary location: gastritis

stomach

match term with description: cholelithiasis

stone formation in gall bladder

What body part does this tumor affect? Rhabdomyoma

striated muscle

T/F Dermoid cyst is a common cyst found on the walls of ovary that contain greasy material produced by sebaceous glands.

true

T/F Dilatation and hypertrophy both describe the increase in the size of the heart.

true

T/F Skin infections due to fungi are known as dermatomycoses.

true

Match names of tumors with their description. glioma

tumor involving the neuroglia

Match names of tumors with their description. osteoma

tumor of bone

Match names of tumors with their description. chondroma

tumor of cartilage

Match names of tumors with their description. papilloma

tumor of epithelium in the skin and mucous

Match names of tumors with their description. adenoma

tumor of glandular epithelium

Match names of tumors with their description. angioma

tumor of vessels

Match names of tumors with their description. leiomyoma

tumors of smooth muscles

Match terms with their definitions. localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membrane

ulcer

match inflammatory disease of urinary system with primary location: ureteritis

ureters

The veins that become dilated and tortuous.

varicose

Match terms with their definitions. an elevation on the skin with fluid

vesicle

match term with description: hematemesis

vomiting of the blood coming from stomach

A lizard loses its tail in an horrific garden accident. The process of the lizard regrowing its tail is an example of -A form of regeneration -Physiological hyperplasia -Normal hypertrophy -Pathological hyperplasia

A form of regeneration

Match terms with their definitions. shrinkage of cells

Atrophy

What is NOT a postmortem condition associated with a disturbance in circulation? -Anasarca -Edema -Dehydration -Rapid decomposition

Edema?

Match a term with the definition: an object floating through blood causing obstruction.

Embolism

Body's response to tissue injury by burning is called infection. True/False

False

Exogenous pigmentation is when a substance enters inside an organ from the body causing discoloration. True/False

False

Pathology is the study of the tissues which have been removed from the body. True/False

False

The end result of a cremation would be considered a 3rd degree burn. True/False

False

The type of pathological study one would typically see on a crime drama on television would be -Forensic Pathology -Medico-Legal Pathology -Gross Pathology -Special Investigative Pathology

Forensic Pathology

A branch of pathology that deals with general or broad disease processes such a necrosis. -Pathology -Special pathology -General pathology -Gross pathology -None of the above

General Pathology

Define varicose veins

Latin varix meaning "twisted" enlarged veins close to the skins surface most often appearing in the legs and feet

A branch of pathology that studies changes which occur in cell of the body at the microscopic level. -Pathology -Special pathology -General pathology -Gross pathology -None of the above

None of the above (Histopathology)

Infections you catch at a hospital are called -Nosocomial infections -Idiopathic infections -Healthier infections -Sporadic syndromes

Nosocomial infections

The ring around your calf that you get at the end of the day upon taking your socks off is an example of -Pitting Edema -Hyperemia -Exsanguination of the distal tibia -Hypoxia

Pitting Edema

A "Head Freeze" is a technique used to -Prevent swelling in the head while embalming by using a specific injection technique. -Capture the last facial expression of the victim by shooting him in the forehead unexpectedly -Snort cocaine so fast that it feels like the "Brain Freeze" children get after gulping a Slurpee -Reattach the head of a decapitated motor vehicle accident victim

Prevent swelling in the head while embalming by using a specific injection technique.

A large puss-filled knot or lesion on your body is an example of -Purulent inflammation -Serous inflammation -Fibrinous inflammation -Granulomatous inflammation

Purulent inflammation

Cellular swelling, fatty degeneration and amyloid degeneration are three examples of -Regressive cellular changes -Hypertrophy -Necrosis -Adaptive Responses

Regressive cellular changes

A branch of pathology that studies disease processes affecting individual body areas or systems. -Pathology -Special Pathology -General Pathology -Gross Pathology -None of the above

Special Pathology

Melena is -The black, tarry stool caused by the digestion of blood in the gastrointestinal tract -The degree of pigmentation found in a person's epidermis -What gives color to an ecchymosis -Related to petechiae that indicate breaks in the capillaries that lead to superficial bleeding

The black, tarry stool caused by the digestion of blood in the gastrointestinal tract

What is the underlying purpose of vasoconstriction relative to inflammation? -To isolate contaminates within the injury site from other body parts -To slow your heart rate by limiting the flow of blood to the affected area -Reduce swelling in the affected area -To achieve a state of resolution

To isolate contaminates within the injury site from other body parts

Endogenous (internal) pigmentation could refer to the discoloration of blood pigment caused by a bruise on the skin. True/False

True

Longevity refers to the absolute biological limits that a human being can survive. True/False

True

What is a primary cause of hernias? -Weakness in the muscle wall that contains the affected organ -Cystic Fibrosis -A malformation -Phocomelia

Weakness in the muscle wall that contains the affected organ

Define primary/secondary anemia

a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both, either from the original (primary) or a different (secondary) organism.

Define atherosclerosis

a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls

Define hemophilia

a hereditary disease in which individual is unable to synthesize adequate amounts of a specific clotting factor due to the deficiency of blood clotting proteins

Define leukocytosis

abnormally high white blood cell count which can be caused by infection, trauma, inflammation, or medications (ex.. corticosteroids)

Match terms with their definitions. an area of pus surrounded by a wall of tissue

abscess

Any disease which is obtained after birth. -congenital -epidemic -hereditary -acquired

acquired

Define valvular prolapse

acquired disorder that occurs due to excessive stretching of valves, extending the inner layers of the valve, stretching it out of shape, and preventing it from closing properly

Two types of diseases are -acute -delayed -chronic -necropsy -endemic

acute and chronic

Match terms with their definitions. present in Alzheimer's disease

amyloid degeneration

Define aneurysm

an excessive localized dilation or enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall

Associate this characteristic of a heart attack: chest pain

angina

Which tumor is comprised of vessels and can be located anywhere in the body? -angiomas -chondromas -papillomas -rhabdomyomas

angiomas

Define cardiomyopathy

any disease or disorder that involves an abnormality in heart muscle: -heart loses ability to pump effectively -heart becomes larger to compensate for weak condition

Match the malformations to the terms: absence of body parts

aplasia

Which type of blood disease causes too much blood to pass from the heart into the lungs and results in the "blue baby" effect? -atrial septal defect -hypertensive heart disease -rheumatic heart disease -sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

atrial septal defect

What body part does this tumor affect? Chondroma

bone

What body part does this tumor affect? Giloma

brain

Match a term with the definition: excessive accumulation of fluid

edema

Match the malformations to the terms: refers to the study of the causes of disease

etiology

What body part does this tumor affect? Lipoma

fat

These are diseases that are characterized by fever. -febrile -acute -chronic -functional -syndrome

febrile

Define thrombosis

formation or presence of an attached blood clot in the vascular system

Match terms with their definitions. an abscess in the deeper layer of the skin

furuncle

Associate this characteristic of a heart attack: common name for a MI

heart attack (MI is myocardial infarction)

Define myocardium infarction

heart attack; the formation of an area of necrosis in a tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area or the vein that drains the tissue becomes occluded (blocked)

Define acute heart failure

heart failure that develops suddenly, for example after a heart attack or due to certain heart rhythm problems; heart is unable to obtain enough oxygen via blood circulation

Match a term with the definition: a swelling filled with blood

hematoma

Blood disorders are divided into one of three categories. Which one does not apply? -diseases of red blood cells -diseases of white blood cells -bleeding disorders -hemolytic disorders

hemolytic disorders

This blood disease is characterized by having a lack of clotting factors that stop bleeding. -hemophilia -purpura -thrombocytopenia -polycythemia vera

hemophilia

Match the malformations to the terms: protrusion of an organ through the wall of the body cavity in which it is contained

hernia

Which one of the following is not a cause of cellular injury? -homeostasis -hypoxia -change in osmotic pressure -immunological reactions

homeostasis

Match terms with their definitions. an increase in the number of cells

hyperplasia

Match terms with their definitions. an increase in the size of cells

hypertrophy

A disease that results from a physician's treatment of a patient. -idiopathic -organic -syndrome -iatrogenic

iatrogenic

Define polycythemia

increase in the number of red blood cells

Match a term with the definition: dying of a tissue due to lack of oxygen

infarction

When substances enter the body and accumulate in excessive amount, it is called -necrosis -infiltration -swelling -degeneration -calcification

infiltration

Define arteritis

inflammation of the arteries

Define myocarditis

inflammation of the heart muscle

Define endocarditis

inflammation of the heart valves or inner lining of the heart

Define phlebitis

inflammation of the veins in the legs; blood clots form along the walls and valves of the veins helping the blood flow to work against gravity

What are the common causes of inflammation? Choose all correct answers. -living organisms -physical irritants -hypoxia -chemicals -immunological reactants

living organisms physical irritants chemicals immunological reactants

What is a very simple way of determining if a tumor is malignant or benign? -look at the suffix of the tumor in question -research the full definitions in the medical dictionary -determine what part of the body the tumor affects -evaluate the postmortem conditions associated with it

look at the suffix of the tumor in question

Match terms with their definitions. regeneration of the cells after injury

metaplasia

"Which one of the following is characterized by cellular swelling, changes in nature of cellular proteins, and the breakdown of cellular organelles in dead cells?" -dry gangrene -pathogeneis -necrosis -autolysis

necrosis

Define embolism

obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or blood clot; emboli may be solid, liquid, or gaseous and may arise from the body or may enter from without.

Match the malformations to the terms: diseases that affect a large number of people

pandemic

This hereditary blood disorder primarily affects people of color: African Americans, Native Americans, and Mediterranean people. -sickle cell anemia -pernicious anemia -anemia -race-based anemia

sickle cell anemia