Pathophysiology (chapters 1,2,4,7)

compensate

the counter balancing of any defect of structure or function. for example, a process that tends to restore pH to normal by making other blood chemistry values abnormal.

perfusion

the delivery of blood flow to a specific organ or an area of the body.

clinical manifestations

the functional consequences of the structural and associated alterations in cells or tissues that are either characteristic of the disease or diagnostic of the process.

prodromal period

the period preceding the onset of a disorder. symptoms indicate an impending seizure, migraine, or other problems.

specificity

the quality of being distinctive and the probability that the test will be negative among patients who do not have the disease.

Epidemiology

the study of patterns of disease among human populations for the purpose of establishing programs to prevent and control their spread.

pathophysiology

the study of the biological and physical manifestations of disease, including etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatments implications.

physiology

the study of the specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts.

endemic

a physical or mental disorder caused by health conditions constantly present within a community.

Hypoxia

a reduction of oxygen at the tissue level that may lead to failure of aerobic production of adenosine triphosphate.

exacerbate

a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptoms.

hypoxemia

an abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood.

pandemic

an epidemic that affects large geographic regions, possibly spreading worldwide.

Epidemic

an outbreak of a disease that occurs suddenly and affects numbers of people clearly in excess of normal expectancy.

signs

objectively identifiable manifestation of the disease. fever, reddening of the skin, and a palpable mass are signs of diseases; as opposed to symptoms that are NOT observable.

multifactorial

pertaining to or characteristic of any condition or disease resulting from the interaction of many factors.

Etiology

study of the assignment of causes or reasons for the phenomena.

pathology

study of the causes, characteristics, and effects of disease.

symptoms

subjective feeling that an effected individual can report t an observer. nausea, malaise, and pain are symptoms of disease.

sensitivity

susceptibility to a substance, such as medication or antigen.

prognosis

a forecast of the probable outcome of a disease; the prospect of recovery from a disease indicated by the nature, signs, and/or symptoms of the case.

cyanosis

a blue coloration of the skin as a result of poor saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen.

syndrome

a collection of signs and symptoms that occur together.

sequelae

a condition(s) cause by and following the disease.

risk factor

characteristics related to the probability of a certain outcome; a risk factor may be shown to cause an outcome or may be correlated with an outcome.

pathogenesis

development or evolution of disease. a description of the pathogenesis includes the process that occurs in the body from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of manifestations of the disease.

remission

disappearance of clinical manifestations of ideas.

ischemia

inadequate blood flow through the arterial system, producing tissue hypoxia.

maladaptive

ineffective, inadequate, or inappropriate change in response to new or altered circumstances.

pallor

paleness of the skin, nail beds, lips, and conductive. a possible symptom of anemia.

chronic

refers to a condition that lasts for a log time, generally from 6 months to years.

acute

relatively severe, but running a short course.

iatrogenic

resulting from the activity of a health care provider.

idiopathic

without known cause.