Pathophysiology WCU

Carbon monoxide injures cells by

reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of

secondary prevention

A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct?

"Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate."

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular

death

In general, with aging, organ size and function

decrease

The effects of excessive cortisol production include

immune suppression

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?

insulin

Coagulative necrosis is caused by

interrupted blood supply

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except

necrosis

Selye's three phases of the stress response include all the following except

Allostasis

Retroviruses are associated with human cancers, including

Burkitt lymphoma

Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is

Calcium

The cellular component that is most susceptible to radiation injury is the

DNA

In general, a cancer cell that is more tissue-specific differentiated is more likely to be aggressive.

False The degree of tissue-specific differentiation predicts malignant potential. A lack of differentiated features in a cancer cell is called anaplasia, and a greater degree of anaplasia is correlated with a more aggressively malignant tumor.

Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?

It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread.

Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?

Mutant tumor-suppressor gene

When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic

True Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are known as

carcinomas

Your patient eats "lots of fat," leads a "stressful" life, and has smoked "about two packs a day for the last 40 years." Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is

cigarette smoking.

The primary effect of aging on all body systems is

decreased functional reserve

Of the statements below, the accurate statement regarding nutrition and cellular health is

deficient cellular uptake by one cell type may contribute to excess nutrient delivery to other cell types.

The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is

dysplasia. Dysplastic cells have the potential to become cancerous and are therefore referred to as preneoplastic. Anaplasia, metaplasia, and hyperplasia are not considered preneoplastic.

A disease that is native to a particular region is called

endemic

Somatic death refers to death

entire organism

An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed

hypertrophy

The cellular response indicative of injury because of faulty metabolism is

intracellular accumulations

Reperfusion injury to cells

involves formation of free radicals

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor

is malignant

A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the _____ stage.

latent stage

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis.

liquefactive Liquefactive necrosis is produced when brain tissue dies, as it is rich in enzymes and has little connective tissue. Coagulative necrosis occurs from ischemic injury in any tissue. Caseous necrosis occurs in lung tissue damaged by tuberculosis. Fat necrosis occurs in adipose (fat) tissue.

Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene

occurs at an earlier age

The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is

p53 gene

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in

permanent damage and death

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of

primary prevention

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except

pupil constriction

C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3°F, skin rash, dysphagia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.'s disease is

streptococcal infection

The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as

subclinical stage

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of

tertiary prevention

Proto-oncogenes

the corresponding normal cellular genes that are responsible for normal cell growth and division

The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of

tumor necrosis factor