Peace of Westphalia Essay

Evidence 2

After 1648, national sovereignty, characterized by autonomy and interstate competition, became the primary governing system among European states.

Evidence 4

Although the Papacy and feudal aristocracy retained some power, after Westphalia the Holy Roman Empire's ability to enforce its ecclesiastical and political hegemony was virtually destroyed.

Evidence 5

Consequently, wars were now fought over ideology, firmly rooted in concerns over balance of power, rather than simply territorial acquisition or religious concerns.

Evidence 1

Nation-state sovereignty was created in the early to middle 17th century and established many of the features of modern international relations.

Evidence 6

Nationalism originated with the Peace of Westphalia when aristocrats used their economic power to influence national governments in order to preserve their wealth and power.

Context 1

Spain's failed armadas

Thesis

The Peace of Westphalia was a major turning point in European history because it established the foundation for modern international relations, reduced religious conflicts, and created a rise of nationalism among the sovereign nation-states.

Evidence 3 (counter argument)

The reason most states participate in international organizations and diplomacy seems to be rooted in a fundamental desire to preserve their sovereignty and increase their wealth.

Context 2

collapse of clerical supremacy because of reformation in the church

Context 3

loss of 30 years war

Context 4

unwilling to follow system of Westphalia