Peads Exam 1 Practice Questions
The infant weighs 7 lb 4 oz (3,248 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be the expected weight for this child at the age of 12 months?
21 lb 12 oz (9.9 kg)
The infant measures 21.5 in. (54.6 cm) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected height for this child at the age of 6 months?
27.5 in. (69.9 cm)
The pediatric nurse is careful to monitor and assess the growth and development of all clients. Which characteristic should the nurse prepare to assess in the infants?
Grows and develops skills more rapidly than at any other time in their life.
A 2-month-old boy has inconsolable crying, is gassy, and constantly draws his legs up. It has been determined that the boy has colic. What is the best intervention to treat colic?
He needs to try a different formula to assess for sensitivity.
A nursing student will correctly identify that growth is measured by which of the following patterns?
Height and Weight
The nurse is reveiwing the diet of an 8-month-old infant with the mother who reveals she has been using evaporated milk to make the formula. Which additional ingredient should the nurse ensure she is including in the formula?
Iron
The nurse is playing with the 8-month-old infant. The nurse hides the toy to assess cognitive function of the infant. The infant tries to find the toy. This demonstrates what characteristic of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Object permanence
A nurse places a toy car in front of a 6-month-old girl. She swats at it, and the car flies across the examination table and lands on the floor. She squeals with surprise and delight. When the nurse puts the toy car in front of her again, she immediately swats it again and laughs as it rolls across the table and falls to the floor again. What has the girl demonstrated?
Secondary Circular Reaction
Which observation by the nurse indicates that an adolescent's cognitive thinking is developing at an expected level?
Adolescent explains how working a part-time job will help pay for a car.
What is the correct amount of wet diapers a mature infant should have each day?
An infant should have 6 to 8 wet diapers/day.
A hospitalized 2-year-old is toilet training and excited to show the nurse the product created in the toilet. What stage does the nurse recognize this child is in according to Freud?
Anal stage
A nursing student realizes that which of the following is true about Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
At age 2 to 3 years, the child determines right or wrong by the physical consequence of a particular act.
A newborn infant requires skin care that includes bathing. Besides hygiene, what is another reason for bathing an infant?
Bathing is a time for bonding with the parents.
A new mother asks for advice from the nurse about bathing her infant. Which of the following should the nurse tell her?
Be sure to wash the infant's face, hands, and diaper area daily
A nurse is teaching a 7-year old diabetic child who is in Piaget's concrete operational stage about insulin injections. Based on Piaget's theory, what would be the nurse's best method of preparation for this child?
Demonstrate the procedure on a teddy bear.
What mineral is an important factor in tooth development?
Fluoride
Which of the following is a biological factor that has influence on growth and development?
Genetics
The school nurse is aware that providing proper care involves cooperation from the adolescent. Which techique will the nurse prioritize to develop open communication with the adolescents?
Show interest in the adolescent and develop a rapport before asking questions.
Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect an 11-month-old infant to have achieved?
Sitting independently
Put the following developmental milestones related to an infant's hearing in correct chronological order begining at birth.
Stop activity in response to spoken word Turn head to locate sound Locate sounds downward and to side Locate sounds made above Recognize name when spoken Locate & turn toward sound in any direction
The parent of a 4-year-old expressed concern to the nurse that the child still believes the pet that died will come back. What explanation should the nurse give to the parent?
The child is in the stage of magical thinking and cannot understand death.
A 12-month-old seen at a walk-in clinic weighed 8 pounds 4 ounces (3.75 kg) at birth. Weight now is 20 pounds 8 ounces (9.3 kg). The nurse determines:
The child weighs less than expected for age.
When caring for a child with a cognitive impairment, what is a primary factor for the nurse to consider regarding the approach for interaction with the child?
The developmental stage is based on developmental tasks achieved.
A breast-feeding mother asks the nurse about when she can begin feeding her 5-month-old infant some solids and vitamins. Which information provided by the nurse would most accurately address this mother's concerns?
The first food offered to an infant is iron-enriched rice cereal and can be started now. Additionally, the infant needs to receive Vitamin D and iron.
The nurse is preparing a presentation for a health fair illustrating the major milestones of infants as they grow and develop. Which fact should the nurse point out when illustrating an infant's teeth?
The first tooth usually erupts between 6 to 8 months.
The nurse is conducting a physical examination of a 5-month-old boy. Which observation may be cause for concern about the infant's neurologic development?
The infant displays an asymmetric tonic neck reflex (fencing reflex).
What position is the infant placed in for "tummy time"?
The infant is placed on the floor on their tummy.
The nurse is watching a group of infants playing in an infant room at a daycare. Which infant would the nurse identify as being approximately 3 months of age?
The infant laying prone with a colorful toy in front.
The nurse in a community clinic is assessing a 4-week-old infant. The mother asks if the infant is developing normally. The nurse refers to which finding as suggestive of normal development in infants from birth to 4 weeks of age?
The infant raises head and chest while on his stomach
The nurse is assessing development of a 4-month-old boy during a well-child visit. Which observation needs further investigation?
The infant responds to his mother when he sees her but not at other times when she is near.
A mother calls the clinic nurse asking for recommendations on comfort measures for her infant who is teething. What recommendation should the nurse make? Select all that apply.
teething rings and acetaminophen
The mother of a 6-month-old infant asks the nurse at a community health center what she should do about her baby, who always wants to put everything in his mouth. What would be an appropriate response by the nurse, based on Freud's theory?
"Babies at this age explore and enjoy their world with their mouths."
A parent is comparing a child's development on the growth chart with those of another child and is concerned that her child is not in the "normal" range. What can the nurse inform the parent to alleviate her anxiety?
"Growth charts are just a standard measurement. If your child doesn't fall into the 'normal' range, it doesn't indicate something is wrong."
A 2-year-old with pneumonia has recently been hospitalized. When the lunch tray arrives to the floor, the nurse caring for the patient sets up the tray and allows the child to self-feed with a spoon despite the mess. What is the nurse's best reason for these actions?
to foster autonomy
A mother asks the nurse where the microwave is so that she can warm up breastmilk to feed her baby. What is the best response by the nurse?
warm it under the sink instead
A nurse is providing health promotion education to a family of an 11-month-old infant who is eating "finger foods." The nurse knows the parents understand the risk of infant choking when they state which response below?
"I can feed our baby Cheerios."
A nurse is providing health promotion education to a family of an infant at the family birth center. The nurse knows the parents need more education when they state which response?
"I will switch to whole milk when my baby is around 6 months of age."
A parent asks the nurse if her 2-month-old could have bananas yet. The nurse would respond and educate the parent on the nutrition stages of infants by which of these responses?
"In two months you can try bananas if you think she is ready."
A mother is concerned about her infant's spitting up. Which suggestion would be most appropriate?
"Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward."
After the nurse provides education to new parents about appropriate sleeping habits for infants, which statement by a parent would indicate to the nurse that teaching needs to reoccur?
"My husband gave the baby a special bear that I will place in the crib."
The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother of a 5-month-old boy about introducing solid foods. Which statement by the mother indicates that effective teaching has occurred?
"The cereal should be a fairly thin consistency at first."
The nurse takes a call from a concerned mother whose infant received routine immunizations the day before and now has a temperature of 101oF (38.3oC), is fussy and pulling at the injection site. The mother wants to know what she should do. Which is the best response from the nurse to this mother?
"This is a common reaction. Give your child acetaminophen, cuddle him, and apply a cool compress to the injection site."
The infant weighs 6 lb 8 oz (2,912 g) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, what would be an expected weight for this child at the age of 4 months?
13 lb (5.9 kg)
The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old at the well-child annual visit and notes the child is meeting the growth parameters. After noting the birth weight was 8 pounds (3.6 kg) and length was 20 inches (50.8 cm) long, which measurements would the nurse prepare to document for this visit?
24 pounds (10.8 kg) and 30 inches (75 cm)
The infant measured 20 inches (50.8 cm) at birth. If the infant is following a normal pattern of growth, which range would be an expected height for this child at the age of 12 months?
30 to 32 inches (76.2 to 81.3 cm)
If the infant is following a normal pattern of dentition, the child would most likely have how many teeth by the age of 14 months?
6-12 teeth
The nurse is planning to evaluate the development of a preschool-age child. On what should the nurse focus when performing this evaluation?
Ability to perform a skill
The pattern of growth in which the child is able to control the head and neck before the arms and legs is known as which of the following?
Cephalocaudal
An 82-year-old resident of a long-term care facility often tells stories of the role that he played in the Korean War. According to Erikson, which of the following needs may underlie the resident's storytelling?
The need to demonstrate that his life was meaningful and purposeful.
An infant who is 4 months old continues to be seen at doctor visits for illness prevention. What would be the next scheduled appointment that this infant should attend to be evaluated?
The next visit would be at 6 months.
The parents of an 8-month-old hospitalized child tell the nurse they are not going to visit as often since the child screams and is upset when they leave. Select the best response by the nurse:
This is normal behavior and is called separation anxiety.
According to Erikson, normal adolescent behavior includes trying on new roles and possibly even rebelling. What is the purpose of this behavior in adolescents?
To establish a sense of identity
An 8-month-old hospitalized with bronchiolitis is crying in the crib because it is time for a feeding. The parent caring for the child has left the room to eat lunch. If the needs of the child are not met, what phase of the developmental stage will not be achieved according to Erikson?
Trust
A seasoned pediatric nurse realizes that a hospitalized child's need for identity is strongest in which of the following groups?
adolescents
According to Piaget, one basic concept that a child will learn during the first year is that:
he is separate from his parents.
A staff nurse is talking about Piaget's theory with a nursing student. Infants are in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development during which object permanence is mastered. An example of an infant displaying this ability is:
looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it.
A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation?
"This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry."
A home visit nurse is providing health promotion on safety to a family of a 1-week-old infant. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates the need for further teaching?
"We will position our infant on his side for sleeping."
The nurse is conducting a class for new parents of infants. The nurse determines the session is successful when the parents correctly choose which instruction concerning bathing their infant?
"When I bathe my baby, I shampoo his hair each time as well."
A mother takes her 4-month-old to the doctor for a visit. She asks the nurse what type of baby cereal she should buy now that her child is starting solid foods. How should the nurse respond?
"You should buy rice cereal."
