Peasants, Trades, and Cities

where were europe's main medieval trading centers?

venice, italian cities, and flanders.

What benefits did guilds offer craftspeople?

Separation, set standards and prices

When did townspeople gain new rights and why?

By 1100, lords offered them these lights because they affected economical benefits.

What change in crop rotation increased farm yields?

Changed from a 2 way rotation to 3 field rotation.

How did the use of iron affect medieval farming?

The use of iron made farming grow, caruca was the first tool made out of iron, helping farming expand. It also increased food production and made farming more efficient

what were the rights and responsibilities of lords?

lands had political authority on their lands, and the right to keeps serfs on lands.

who owned the land that serfs farmed?

lords owned the land, and serfs owned only some.

how did increased trade give rise to commercial capitalism?

new banking firms, trading companies orose and attracted investors which led to commercial capitalism.