PECT K-12 Supplementary Information
Which of the following questions would be most effective in developing kindergarten students' initial understanding of different tools' purpose and when to use them for measurement? A. "What would we need to find out how cold it is outside today?" B. "How tall are you?" C. "Which book do you think is heavier?" D. "How long does it take us to get from the classroom to the playground?"
A.
Which of the following strategies would be most effective in promoting students' sense of civic competence in a kindergarten classroom? A. Assigning weekly classroom jobs B. Modeling positive conflict resolution strategies C. Reviewing the monthly calendar and having students identify important events D. Incorporating clothing from other cultures into the dramatic play area
A.
Students learn to use context clues to determine which of the following? A. the different parts of a word and the influence that these parts have on the word's meaning B. the meaning of a word and its use within a sentence C. the connections between newly introduced concepts and previously learned knowledge D. the parts of a text
B.
When a student pronounces the word ''athlete'', she says, ''ath-a-lete.'' This is an example of which of the following? A. denasalization B. epenthesis C. prevocalic voicing D. deaffrication
B.
When students are learning to write conclusion paragraphs, they must be able to write which of the following first? A. an anecdote B. A statement that restates the main ideas C. an interesting fact about the overall topic D. a universal call to action
B.
Which of the following strategies for teaching new vocabulary best demonstrates knowledge of the Four-Part Processing Model for word recognition? A. Reading new vocabulary words aloud and having students clap out syllables B. Displaying sentence strips that include new vocabulary and corresponding images and reading them aloud to the class C. Using sentence dictation exercises to develop students' receptive and expressive language skills D. Having students create semantics features maps to learn new vocabulary and create word families
B.
While formatively assessing students' journal entries, a first-grade teacher notices that one student is having difficulty utilizing proper capitalization, spacing, and punctuation when writing. Which of the following intervention strategies would be most effective in supporting the development of this print concept? A. Providing the student with a grammar reference sheet and having her rewrite the journal entry B. Working with the student individually to help her practice correcting grammatical errors in sentences C. Having the student complete daily sentence dictation exercises D. Modeling different sentence structures and how to incorporate them into writing
B.
A first-grade teacher has asked students to bring in a picture of something representing their heritage to create a classroom quilt. This activity is most likely intended to begin developing students' awareness of which main theme related to social studies learning? A. Civic competence and democratic ideals B. Awareness of one's own and others' cultures C. Global connections D. Individuals, groups, and institutions
B.
A first-grade teacher is preparing a unit in which students will read a work of literary nonfiction. According to Pennsylvania's Academic Standards for English Language Arts for first grade, this teacher should focus the majority of instruction on strategies that support students in which of the following? A. Proper book handling and developing print awareness B. Constructing meaning from the text C. Identifying grade-level high-frequency words D. Group reading strategies that promote collaboration
B.
A fourth-grade teacher is having students replicate a drawing of a tree that has been flipped upside down. This strategy is effective for developing students' abilities related to the visual arts by promoting which of the following skills? A. Spatial and kinesthetic awareness B. Observation and attention to detail C. Pattern recognition D. Orthographic processing
B.
A kindergarten teacher wants to evaluate students' ability to recall key details from a literary text after reading a story aloud to the whole class. Which of the following strategies would be most effective in integrating the arts to achieve this goal? A.Asking students to create a drawing of the main character B. Having students work in small groups to act out the story C. Assigning students to build a diorama of their favorite scene D. Providing props and having students improvise a song about the story
B.
A new first-grade teacher is preparing to attend back-to-school night. The community in which he teaches is diverse, and while he aims to establish positive relationships with students' families, he is uncertain of how to do so because he is unfamiliar with many of the cultural differences. Which of the following would be most effective in helping this teacher become more globally aware and practice culturally responsive communication? A. Interacting with all families equally on back-to-school night B. Self-educating regarding the beliefs, values, and traditions of students' families C. Having students complete an interest inventory prior to back-to-school night D. Scheduling individual conferences with students' families
B.
A second grade teacher was doing a notice and wonder graphing routine with her students. Why are graphs a good introduction for young students to understand data? A. young students are often auditory learners B. young students are often visual learners C. young students are often kinesthetic learners D. young students are often not visual learners
B.
A student's parents have been invited to attend a family conference to discuss their child's academic and behavioral progress, but they do not speak English. Which of the following does the school have the legal responsibility to provide in this situation? A. The option to have the student translate for his or her parents B. Translated written documents and a qualified interpreter upon the family's request C. Samples of the student's recent classwork and assessments D. A translated version of state and district academic standards
B.
Eliciting student feedback at the end of each unit is an effective method for engaging in: A. Professional development B. Self-assessment C.Student-led learning D. Educational research
B.
In order to grasp the concept of "counting on", it is important that students first develop a foundational understanding of which of the following? A. Sequencing B. Relative magnitude of numbers C. Place value D. Addition and subtraction
B.
Students in a first-grade classroom are given photographs of various kinds of animals and are asked to sort them according to whether they have fur, scales, or feathers. As the students work, the teacher asks them why they think animals might have different types of body coverings. Asking such a question is beneficial in promoting students' development of which of the following? A. The ability to make inferences B. Scientific process skills C. Problem-solving skills D. Scientific research skills
B.
A first-grade teacher is planning a geometry unit on identifying and distinguishing 2D and 3D shapes. The unit will begin with a slideshow presentation to introduce the concept that includes writing information, visual representations, video clips, and a song to help students remember the characteristics of each shape. Throughout the unit, students will work together to construct shapes using a geoboard, participate in a class nature walk to identify geometric shapes in the environment, and apply their understanding by creating an original mosaic piece. By implementing these activities, this teacher demonstrates understanding of which of the following theories related to child development and learning? A. Constructivism B. Multiple intelligences C. Social learning D. Behaviorism
C.
A kindergarten teacher has created four literacy learning stations in the classroom, with each focused on a specific component of phonics instruction. Every week, students are assigned to work in a particular station based upon their level of skill development, and the teacher monitors progress using an observation checklist to determine which stations to assign for the following week. Implementing this strategy allows this teacher to do which of the following? A. Provide hands-on learning opportunities B. Allow for flexibility and student choice C. Differentiate literacy instruction D. Modify learning activities
C.
A kindergarten teacher wants to improve their pedagogical skills in the classroom by learning more about recent developments related to ways in which unstructured play benefits cognitive development in young children. Which of the following resources would be most useful in finding this information? A. An online discussion forum for early childhood educators B. A recent article from an education-based website C. A qualitative case study from an education research journal D. A professional development workshop focused on strategies for integrating play into daily learning
C.
A second-grade teacher plans to use direct instruction to introduce a unit on the life cycle of plants. Which of the following additional strategies could this teacher implement to enrich the learning experience and strengthen student understanding? A. Include examples of the life cycles of different kinds of plants in instruction. B. Lead a class nature walk and ask students to describe the plants they observe. C. Have students grow their own plants from a seed in the classroom. D. Hold a class discussion about why some plants grow in specific regions.
C.
A student is being observed to determine if she needs special education interventions. If the IEP team conducts an ecological assessment, they will observe the child: A. within the environments wherein which the student excels academically and behaviorally. B. within the child's most restrictive environments to determine what interventions are most effective. C. in different environments throughout the school to see where the student may have difficulty. D. within the environments that appear to provoke poor behaviors in the child.
C.
A student is tasked with writing ten compound sentences on a piece of paper. When she hands her work into the teacher, the teacher tells her that she wrote ten complex sentences, not ten compound sentences on the paper. The student might benefit from an activity that helps her to: A. differentiate between the different types of sentences she reads in a text. B. evaluate the differences between simple and compound sentences. C. identify the differences between dependent and independent clauses. D. practice writing phrases and clauses that are both dependent and independent.
C.
Art standards in Pennsylvania schools within PreK through fourth grade are established to have children learn to communicate through the arts to do which of the following? A. identify specific artists, perspectives, and intentions B. understand features of different art forms and tools used within these forms C. develop creative thinking and expressive skills D. bolster their understanding of specific art periods
C.
At what age are children first able to understand that giving one of their apple slices to a sibling means that they will have fewer apple slices? A. One to two B. Seven to eight C. Three to four D. Five to six
C.
In a third-grade classroom, students are working in pairs as they use a digital app to create an original musical rhythm using whole, half, quarter, and eighth notes. In addition to developing knowledge and skills in music, this activity is beneficial in supporting students' understanding of which of the following mathematical concepts? A. Place value B. Ordering C. Fractions D. Relative magnitude
C.
In the art center of a second-grade classroom, a teacher overhears that a group of students all want to work on painting. However, there are not enough paintbrushes for each student in the group. This teachable moment can be utilized to develop students' understanding of: A. Opportunity cost B. Goods and services C. Scarcity and choice D. Incentives and choice
C.
Per the NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct, teachers bear an ethical responsibility to colleagues. Which of the following deviates from this responsibility? A. After witnessing a teacher berate a child, the observer approaches the teacher to discuss more positive interactions with students. B. Two teachers are co-teaching together and one witnesses a teacher putting the students in a dangerous situation, so the teacher witnessing this addresses the concerns with administration. C. A group of teachers are collaborating together, and one teacher's views are dismissed because she is only in her second year of teaching. D.Teachers critique the school's disciplinary policy after addressing the lack of effectiveness thereof.
C.
Students in a third-grade class have been assigned to create a painting of a favorite family memory. After the project, the teacher plans to have students work with a partner to observe one another's paintings and write a short paper on similarities and differences between them. Such an activity is beneficial in developing students': A.Recognition of basic elements related to the visual arts B.Ability to give and receive constructive criticism C.Awareness of and appreciation for diverse cultures and perspectives D. Understanding of how to utilize various mediums for artistic expression
C.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act allocates additional funding for preschools to states with the purpose of supporting them in: A. Providing resources for learning disabled children from socioeconomically disadvantaged communities B. Identifying potential learning disabilities in children ages three through 21 C. Providing disabled children ages three through five with access to a free and appropriate public education D. Developing and implementing IEPs for learning disabled students
C.
To effectively serve as an advocate for students' needs, it is important that educators first take which of the following steps? A. Establish positive relationships with students' families. B. Strategize with colleagues about ways to improve the education program. C. Communicate with students to learn about their needs. D. Seek professional development opportunities focused on meeting students' diverse learning needs.
C.
Two prekindergarten students are playing alongside one another in the kitchen area of the classroom. While the students are talking to one another and sharing similar toys, each child is playing mostly independently. This is most characteristic of which of the following stages of play? A.Solitary B. Parallel C. Associative D. Cooperative
C.
What is the term for the obligations and rights that a citizen has under their country of citizenship? A. roles B. duties C. civics D. freedoms
C.
When introducing new high-frequency vocabulary, a first-grade teacher uses a mapping activity in which students separate, graph, and tap out the individual phonemes of each new word while reading them aloud. This strategy is likely intended to promote which of the following? A. Automaticity B. Prosody C. Orthographic mapping D. Receptive language skills
C.
Which of the following is a good example of how a teacher can differentiate content in the classroom? A. allowing students to decide if they want to do homework for reading or math on certain days B. having students coach each other on how to answer questions correctly on a worksheet after doing partner reading C. allowing students to choose if they would like to read a story, listen to a recording of it, or have it read to them by the teacher D. giving students who need it extra time to finish a writing assignment
C.
A first-grade teacher is planning a geography unit focused on how the weather impacts the way that people live. Which of the following introductory activities would be most aligned with an inquiry-based approach for instruction? A. Reviewing the four seasons and having students draw and label each one B. Incorporating seasonal clothing into the dramatic play area of the classroom C. Asking students to name activities they can do in each type of weather D. Displaying pictures of clothing from various climates around the world and leading a class discussion about their similarities and differences
D.
A fourth-grade teacher has invited a student's parents in for a family conference to discuss the child's recent academic progress. The parents have previously had some negative experiences with the school system, and although they agreed to attend, they expressed some hesitation. Which of the following should this teacher do on the day of the conference to establish a positive rapport with this family? A. Invite a member of the administration to also attend the conference. B. Focus solely on discussing the student's progress in relation to state and district academic standards. C. Provide the parents with printed copies of the student's grades and show samples of the student's recent work. D. Create a welcoming atmosphere, begin with positive remarks about the student, and listen attentively to the parents.
D.
A fourth-grade teacher has noticed increasing tension recently among some students from different cultural backgrounds, and it has been negatively impacting the overall classroom climate. Which of the following conflict-resolution strategies could this teacher implement to reestablish and maintain a positive social context? A. Contacting the students' families to address these concerns B. Having students keep daily self-reflection journals C. Holding a class discussion on the consequences of negative behaviors in the classroom D. Leading regular restorative circles
D.
A teacher comprises a vocabulary list for a unit about theme. The vocabulary list is made up of many words within the language arts textbook, including theme, purpose, conflict, and lesson. The teacher is developing a vocabulary comprised mostly of which of the following? A. tier-one vocabulary words B. tier-three vocabulary words C. tier-four vocabulary words D. tier-two vocabulary words
D.
A third-grade teacher scheduled a family conference to discuss concerns about a student's recent behavior in class and declining grades. At the conference, the student's mother disclosed that she has been especially stressed lately, and, as a result, her child has been increasingly defiant at home. This causes the mother to become frustrated, which ultimately leads to continued defiance from the child. According to the family systems theory, this is an example of: A. Family projection B. Emotional cutoff C. Differentiation of self D. Circular causality
D.
According to Scarborough's reading rope, skilled reading is developed by a combination of factors related to: A. Frequent exposure to literacy materials B. Orthographic processing skills C. Expressive and receptive language D. Word recognition and language comprehension
D.
In a first-grade classroom, students are participating in a game in which they are assigned a vocabulary word written on an index card and asked to go around the room to find classmates with similar words. During this activity, the teacher walks around to observe and monitor student understanding. In this situation, the teacher is most likely using formative assessment to evaluate students' ability to do which of the following emergent literacy concepts? A. Recognize CVC words in word families B. Identify high-frequency sight words C. Sort vocabulary words by category D. Make word associations
D.
Which of the following would be indicative of atypical linguistic development for a prekindergarten student? A. Mispronouncing multisyllabic words B. Confusion when following multistep verbal instructions C. Improper use of past, present, and future tense when speaking D. Inability to speak in complete sentences using three or more words
D.
At the beginning of the school year, a third-grade teacher has students complete a simple interest inventory and then incorporates books into the class library based upon students' responses. Which of the following best describes the benefit of implementing this strategy? A. Building a community of readers B. Creating a print-rich environment C. Promoting student-led learning D. Differentiating literacy instruction
A.
A CAP screening is one that gives teachers awareness about which of the following? A. student awareness of basic ideas and concepts associated with text B. students' speaking and writing proficiencies C. literacy goals that the student has or has not met D. student reading levels
A.
A fourth-grade teacher is planning a science unit on animal habitats and would like to enhance student engagement by incorporating digital resources into instruction. Which of the following professionals in the building would be most helpful in assisting the teacher with this process? A. The library and media specialist B. The grade-level department chair C. The curriculum coordinator D. The reading resource teacher
A.
A prekindergarten teacher wants to incorporate online resources into literacy instruction to begin developing students' letter-sound correspondence skills. Which of the following digital activities would be most developmentally appropriate in achieving this? A. An app in which students trace letters with their fingers while hearing them read aloud B. Virtual flashcards that review each letter of the alphabet C. A matching game in which students pair objects with the first letter of their name D. A word-building activity in which students select the correct vowel to create CVC words
A.
A second-grade teacher is participating in a regionwide professional development course focused on creating culturally responsive classrooms. For an upcoming assignment, the teacher plans to discuss his experiences working with ethnically diverse groups of students. Which of the following does this teacher have the legal and professional responsibility to do prior to submitting the assignment? A. Take measures to protect the confidentiality of students' identities. B. Ensure the assignment includes only factual accounts of his experiences. C. Request permission from the school administration to disclose students' educational records. D. Inform students' families of his intention to include them in the assignment.
A.
A third-grade student struggles with social situations. While the student wants to participate socially, they struggle to participate at the same level of their peers. Besides struggling with eye contact, the student often acts aloof. While the student's language skills are beyond those of their peers, they often miss figurative references, instead interpreting comments literally. The student also struggles with emotions and understanding how to cope with them. The student should be evaluated for which of the following? A. Asperger Syndrome B. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder C. speech sound disorder D. dysgraphia
A.
A third-grade teacher is creating a lesson plan to discuss the economic and trade impacts of the English colonies during the 1800s. This lesson plan topic best describes which of the following foundational themes of social studies education? A. production, distribution, and consumption B. time, continuity, and change C. people, places, and environment D. power, authority, and governance
A.
After a social studies unit on goods and services, students in a second-grade classroom are working in groups to prepare an original skit in which they buy and sell items from a grocery store. Which of the following additional activities would be beneficial in encouraging students to use problem-solving skills to be resourceful? A. Having students create their own props and costumes using recycled materials B. Imposing a time limit for the length of students' skits C.Assigning specific roles to students in each group D. Providing each group with a rubric that outlines scoring criteria
A.
