PED101 "Get Fit Stay Well" Ch. 10

According to the Crossroads presentation, if you choose to drink, which of the following is a tip for safer drinking?

All of the above

If a woman ingests alcohol while pregnant, it will pass through the placenta and enter the growing baby's bloodstream.

True

The nicotine in one cigarette can paralyze cilia for up to an hour.

True

________ is a prescription drug used to help break nicotine addiction.

Zyban

Cocaine may be described as both

an anesthetic and a stimulant

Effects of nicotine exposure include

an aroused alert mental state

Smoking contributes to heart disease by

encouraging the buildup of fatty deposits in artery walls.

Substances capable of creating auditory or visual distortions and heightened states are known as

hallucinogens.

The major psychoactive substance in tobacco is

nicotine.

Problems associated with long-term use of alcohol include

shrinkage in brain size and weight

Men who use marijuana are twice as likely to develop

testicular cancer.

The majority of alcohol is absorbed in the

upper third of the small intestine.

In college, almost 40% of students report binge drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking alcohol that results in a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or above. Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks within two hours for men and four or more within two hours for women is binge drinking as defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Movies, TV, and advertising have depicted binge drinking as a normal activity in college even though not all college students binge drink. Unfortunately, binge drinking increases the risk of health and personal safety issues because it results in a high level of intoxication. Being legally drunk is defined by a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or above and is a factor in 60% of fatal burn injuries, drownings, and homicides. It is also a factor in 50% of severe trauma injuries and sexual assaults and 40% of fatal motor vehicle crashes, suicides, and fatal falls. Choose the best answer to complete the following statement. Binge drinking is more common for college students because:

They belong to a specific age group that is subject to peer pressures to "party," that uses binge drinking as a rite of passage or part of games/customs on campus, and that is susceptible to advertising and promotions directed at college campuses.

Alcohol is absorbed more quickly when people are tense as opposed to when they are relaxed.

True

In 2010, approximately 31% of all traffic fatalities in the United States were alcohol related.

True

LSD and mescaline are considered to be hallucinogens.

True

Nearly all drug-addicted persons need specialized medical and psychological treatment to recover.

True

Jan went out with friends and had too many drinks last night and now has a hangover. Which symptom is Jan most likely to experience?

an upset stomach

Which tobacco cessation product stimulates the immune system to generate antibodies that prevent nicotine from entering or acting on the brain?

anti-nicotine vaccine

Which of the following is a result of alcohol's effects on the central nervous system?

blood pressure increases

A condition in which the liver cells are damaged and scar tissue develops is known as

cirrhosis

On a dare, Suzanne smokes a cigarette. Since she is a first-time smoker, the effects of nicotine poisoning that Suzanne might experience include

dizziness.

Which of the following factors increases the rate at which your body will absorb alcohol?

drinking a carbonated alcoholic beverage

You have learned that your 12-year-old cousin has been sniffing rubber cement to get high. In this situation, the rubber cement may be classified as a(n)

inhalant

Alcohol use becomes alcohol abuse when

it negatively affects social and family relationships.

A common symptom of alcoholics is

loss of control.

A measure of the percentage of alcohol or strength of an alcoholic drink is known as what?

proof

Jayna is a serious college athlete who is struggling to maintain her grades during the busy soccer season. She is used to living and playing with pain after multiple ankle injuries in junior high, high school, and college. She has four leftover bottles with pills in them from prescriptions for Vicodin and OxyContin for treatment she received after injuries over the last 6 years. She has developed a tolerance to the painkillers and has to take twice as much as was originally prescribed to get the pain relief she needs to keep up in practices and games. Without the prescriptions, she can't get through a typical day. In addition, she is very worried about passing her class on American history. She has never been good at remembering historical facts and has shared her worries with her teammates. Katie has ADHD and was prescribed Ritalin by her physician to help her control her symptoms. This semester Katie has given Jayna some of the Ritalin to take the night before exams to help her study, so she can perform better in history. They both think that Jayna's taking the Ritalin is working since Jayna passed her last exam.

-Jayna fits the description of a drug addict because she has developed a tolerance to pain killers and requires them to perform her normal functions. -Although the painkillers may be a problem for Jayna, the use of Ritalin is just as serious since combining the use of stimulants and pain management drugs increases her risk of negative health outcomes.

Courtney mentions some of the negative consequences she and her friends have experienced. She discovered that injuries and spending too much money on drinking are two of the negative effects of drinking irresponsibly. There are many more negative effects that aren't mentioned, including drunk driving resulting in death and injury, unprotected sex resulting in sexually transmitted diseases and unplanned pregnancy, depression, academic difficulty, and even suicide. Moreover, drinking irresponsibly can lead to a life-threatening dependence on alcohol. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism affect 17.6 million adults in the United States and cost billions of dollars. Alcoholism can be characterized by:

-damage to family relationships and problems with law enforcement due to drinking -loss of employment due to drinking -severe physical symptoms that appear when the individual stops drinking that may be life-threatening -incarceration multiple times for drunk driving convictions

When you drink an alcoholic beverage, metabolism of the _____(1)_____ starts in the stomach, where the enzyme and other enzymes _____(2)_____ break down some of the alcohol into acetaldehyde, then to acetate, and eventually into carbon dioxide and water. Since some of the alcohol is absorbed in the _____(3)_____ , _____(4)_____ there will slow the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream. Most of the alcohol is absorbed in the _____(5)_____ and carried to the _____(6)_____ , where most of the alcohol is metabolized. However, the liver can only metabolize one standard drink per hour. The additional alcohol, not metabolized by the liver, enters the bloodstream and travels throughout the body. It can be excreted in the urine, sweat, and _____(7)_____. As unmetabolized alcohol reaches the _____(8)_____, the individual will become intoxicated.

1. ethanol 2. alcohol dehydrogenase 3. stomach 4. food 5. small intestine 6. liver 7. breath 8. brain

1. __________ is a highly addictive stimulant with dental damage as a telltale sign of its use; it causes users to experience serious side effects, including paranoia, and is very resistant to treatment and recovery. 2. __________ is used to heighten social experiences and results in feelings of warmth and friendliness, but when mixed with alcohol places users at risk for severe dehydration and increased core temperature, which may lead to death. 3. Abuse of prescription pain killers is one of the gateways to __________ since it is readily available and cheaper than the prescription drugs. It is responsible for many of the drug overdose deaths. 4. Opioids are common in our society and some say are overprescribed for many sorts of pain conditions; __________ is the street name for one type of prescription opioid that causes euphoria, dreaminess, and lack of coordination. 5. Although __________ is considered relatively harmless by the uninformed, it can be addictive and increase the risk of lung cancer. 6. Addictive stimulants, such as __________, increase alertness and improve mood, but are also associated with erratic and violent behavior. 7. Many times __________ are used by those addicted to stimulants to come down from the intense high of amphetamines or meth since they are essentially tranquilizers.

1. meth 2. molly 3. smack 4. oxy 5. pot 6. crank 7. benzos

1. One of the aspects of addiction is __________ or the state of the brain and body processes that occurs with regular addictive behavior and results in physical withdrawal symptoms when the addictive substance is withdrawn. 2. As the addict uses the substance, the body develops __________, and the addict must consume more of the substance to achieve the same effect. 3. If the addict abruptly stops taking the addictive substance, the body and brain can rebel causing __________ or negative physical and mental/psychological symptoms. 4. In addition to the physical symptoms, there is also __________; withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, irritability, or cravings. 5. This cycle of addiction is characterized by four common symptoms. The first is __________, which is the overwhelming need to obtain and use the substance. 6. Included in this first part of the cycle is __________ or an excessive preoccupation with the addictive substance to the detriment of positive behavior and in spite of negative consequences. 7. The second part of the cycle is __________ or the inability to distinguish between healthy and damaging behavior. 8. The third step in the cycle is the tolerance of __________ . Examples of these are physical damage, legal trouble, financial problems, academic failure, and family dissolution. 9. The fourth and last step is __________ or the inability to perceive that a certain behavior is self-destructive.

1. physiological dependence 2. tolerance 3. withdrawal 4. psychological dependence 5. compulsion 6. obsession 7. loss of control 8. negative consequences 9. denial

Heavy episodic (binge) drinking is defined as ________ or more drinks in a row for men or ________ or more drinks in a row for women.

5 ; 4

An alcohol that is 100 proof contains ________ alcohol.

50%

Alcohol effects are varied based on the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. It is important to understand that the concentration of alcohol in the blood can be a measure that predicts the effects of alcohol and, therefore, defines intoxication. The amount of alcohol present in blood, measured in grams of alcohol per deciliter of blood, is the blood alcohol concentration (BAC). A concentration of 0.08 indicates the person has 8 parts of alcohol per 10,000 parts blood in the body. A person with a 0.08 BAC is considered legally intoxicated. This level of alcohol concentration in the blood is not just determined by the amount of alcohol consumed, but by factors such as height, weight, sex, food consumption, and emotional state.

BAC Indicates Always Impaired -a women weighing 140 lb who has had 5 drinks in 1 hour on a full stomach and who is on oral contraceptives -a man weighting 180 lb who has had 4 carbonated alcoholic drinks in 1 hour after pulling an all-nighter for a math exam -a 175-lb man who has had 6 shots of tequila in 1.5 hours and is having difficulty standing -a woman weighing 103 lb who has had 2 beers in the last hour and who is not eating because she wants to offset the calories of the beer BAC Indicates Sometimes or Usually Impaired -a man weighing 160 lb who has had 2 drinks in 1 hour on a full stomach -a 155-lb woman who has had 2 frozen margaritas on an empty stomach within the last 2 hours -a man weighing 168 lb who has had 2 beers and a shot of whiskey in the last 3 hours -a woman weighing 120 lb who has had a vodka and cranberry juice within the last hour and who took aspirin for sore muscles after a long run BAC Indicated Not Impaired -a 200-lb man who sipped 1 beer after dinner while watching his favorite movie on television

The brain is a very complex organ that operates with amazing efficiency. The limbic system of the brain senses and regulates emotions and communicates with the parts of the brain that are involved in memory, perception, thought, and consciousness. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry signals from one neuron to another neuron or another kind of body cell. One of the primary neurotransmitters in the limbic system of the brain is dopamine. When dopamine is released and available, it causes an individual to feel pleasure, and that pleasure is a motivator for behavior. Feelings of pleasure are essential to survival since they reinforce the need to eat, exercise, develop relationships, and have self-efficacy. Drugs of abuse interfere with the normal action of dopamine. They block its production, enhance its effects, or suppress its actions. For instance, cocaine changes the normal chemical balance in the brain and can affect judgment, decision making, emotional perceptions, and other brain functions since it interferes with normal dopamine action. Adam is a cocaine addict and has used for 5 years. He has tried to quit, but experiences severe depression and inability to concentrate that interferes with his doing his job as a stock analyst when he stops using cocaine. He believes that the cocaine is enhancing his abilities and that he needs to continue using in order to function in his fast-paced work environment. What effects of cocaine on dopamine production and activity in the brain is Adam experiencing?

Cocaine is preventing dopamine from being reabsorbed by the neurons so that there is more present in the brain, and the brain has become dependent on this increased concentration to produce pleasure and stimulate brain function.

Higher-proof drinks will produce fewer alcohol effects than the same amount of lower-proof drinks.

False

Smoke emitted from a smoker's mouth is known as sidestream smoke.

False

Ana used Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) to help her deal with her addiction problems. These are both 12-step programs that focus on group support and education to address addiction. There are other options for treatment, such as medical interventions with drugs like methadone and Suboxone as well as personal and group counseling available through private health centers, community groups, and university resources. In many communities, court sentences include treatment and recovery strategies as they deal with the legal consequences that drug addicts face. Public awareness campaigns and drug testing are two prevention strategies that are widely used to help people avoid addiction. However, society still has much to learn about addiction and how to effectively treat it. When an addict seeks recovery, he or she faces many barriers. Which is the most significant barrier from the list below? Choose the best answer.

High insurance deductibles, inability to qualify for Medicaid, and/or lack of available, effective treatment programs are the most significant barriers.

Alcohol consumption varies by age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, and geography. Each of these factors affects alcohol consumption and can help us recognize trends in alcohol consumption in the United States. Review the following and then sort each description into the appropriate bin based on the likelihood that the individuals would be current drinkers.

More Likely to Drink Alcohol - a 17 year old male living in the Northeast - a 22 year old Caucasian college male student - a 22 year old Native American male who lives in the West Less Likely to Drink Alcohol - an African American female attending college in the South - a 36 year old male college graduate - an Asian female college graduate living in the Midwest Unable to Determine -an officer worker -a person who works in a factory

Alcohol consumption exposes the body to the toxic substance ethanol. Ethanol or ethyl alcohol affects several body systems and can result in both short- and long-term negative consequences. These effects depend on drinking habits and health circumstances. Alcohol consumption can affect health status and quality of life. Place the phrases in the correct bin according to whether they are short-term effects, long-term effects, or not an effect of alcohol consumption.

short term effect -stomach irritation and nausea -slurred speech as well as impaired judgement -decreased pulse and respiration rate long term effect -increased risk of osteoporosis -increased risk of mouth, stomach, and pancreatic cancer -increased risk of birth defects for pregnant women not an effect -improvement in reaction time