Pediatrics I

C. Encourage the parents to room in and participate in care

Which intervention is most appropriate in order to facilitate the development of trust in an infant? A. Place pictures of the child's family at the bedside B. Play tapes of the mother's voice C. Encourage the parents to room in and participate in care D. Offer the infant a pacifier

A. He looks for a Cheerio that falls off his highchair tray.

Which action would show an infant has developed object permanence? A. He looks for a Cheerio that falls off his highchair tray. B. He cries when he is either hungry or lonely. C. He prefers a large yellow basil to a small red one. D. He smiles when the mobile on his crib jingles.

A. Develop identity Rationale: Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development states that Identity vs Confusion occurs 13-21 years old

A 14-year-old child must have the capacity for self-awareness to: A. Develop identity B. Eliminate fear of the dark C. Maintain self-control D. Focus on more than one dimension of an object

C. Sit by his crib and bathe him layer when his anxiety decreases

A 2-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital for further evaluation, is standing in his crib crying. The child refuses to be comforted and calls for his mother. As the nurse approaches the crib to provide morning care the child screams louder. The nurse, recognizing that the behavior is typical of the stage of protest, decides to: A. Pick him up and carry him around the noon B. Fill the basin with water and proceed to bathe him C. Sit by his crib and bathe him later when his anxiety decreases D. Skip the bath because the child is upset and does not really need a bath

C. Keep a night-light on in Eric's room

A 5-year-old boy believes that there are "bogeymen and monsters" in his bedroom at night. What advice can the nurse give to Eric's parent to help Eric cope with his fears? A. Let Eric sleep with his parent B. Tell Eric that bogeymen and monster do not exist C. Keep a night-light on in Eric's room D. Tell Eric that no one else sees any monsters, so he must not see them either

B. 14 pounds

A 6 month old infant is admitted with a diagnosis of failure to thrive. The birth weight was 7 pounds. Based on growth and developmental chart, the nurse should expect an infant at 6 months to weigh approximately. A. 10 pounds B. 14 pounds C. 18 pounds D. 21 pounds

D. Cooperative play Rationale: (A) infants. (B) toddlers. (C) pre-school age.

A 6 year old is brought to the pediatric clinic for a routine visit. When assessing the child's relationship with other children, the nurse would expect to observe: A. Solitary play B. Parallel play C. Initiative play D. Cooperative play

D. Punishment and reward Rationale: "pre-conventional level" refers to pre-school age

A clinic nurse is preparing to discuss the concept of moral development with a mother. The nurse understands that according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, in the pre-conventional level. It is thought to be motivated by which of the following: A. The parent's behavior B. Peer pressure C. Social pressure D. Punishment and reward

B. Between 2 to 3 years old

A mother asks when to take her 2 year old to the dentist. For dental prophylaxis, the nurse encourages her to take the child: A. Before starting school B. Between 2 to 3 years old C. When the child begins to lose deciduous teeth D. The next time another family member goes to the dentist

D. Offer him a choice of two things to drink Rationale: always provide options to toddlers

A mother tells the nurse that each morning she offers her 24 month old son juice and he always shakes his head and says, "No." She asks the nurse what to do, because she knows the child needs fluids. The nurse suggests that the mother: A. Distract him with some food B. Be firm and hand him the glass C. Let him see that he is making her angry D. Offer him a choice of two things to drink

A. This stage is associated with toilet training

A nursing instructor ask the nursing students to present a clinical conference to peer regarding Freud's psychosexual stages of development, specifically anal stage. The student plans the conference, knowing that which of the following most appropriately relates to this stage of development. A. This stage is associated with toilet training B. This stage is associated with pleasurable and conflicting feelings about the genital organ C. This characterized by a tapering off of conscious biological and sexual urges D. The stage is characterized by gratification of self

A. The child had the ability to think abstractly Rationale: Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development states that Formal Operational is based on theoretical and abstract reasoning.

A nursing instructor asks the students to describe the formal operation stage. The most appropriate response would be: A. The child has the ability to think abstractly B. The child develops logical thought pattern C. The child has difficulty separating fantasy from reality D. The child begins to understand the environment

B. 22 lbs Rationale: weight is doubled by 6 months and tripled by 1 year

A term neonate weighs 7 1/2 pounds at birth. When he's 1 year old, approximately how much should he weigh? A. 36 lbs B. 22 lbs C. 28 lbs D. 32 lbs

B. "Will I have a large scar?" Rationale: adolescent children are usually concerned about their appearances and other people's opinions.

An adolescent client has just had surgery and has a dressing on the abdomen. Which of the following questions would the nurse expect the client to ask initially? A. "Did the surgery go okay?" B. "Will I have a large scar?" C. "What complication can I expect?" D. "When can I return to school?"

A. Infancy

Besides adolescents, children in which of the following age groups experience the most rapid growth? A. Infancy B. Toddler stage C. Preschool age D. School age

C. Initiative Rationale: Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development includes Trust vs Mistrust (0-18mo), Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt (18mo-3yrs), Initiative vs Guilt (3-5yrs), Industry vs Inferiority (5-13yrs), Identity vs Confusion (13-21yrs), Intimacy vs Isolation (21-39yrs), Generativity vs Stagnation (40-65yrs), Integrity vs Despair (65yrs-older)

By the end of the preschool period, a 6-year-old usually has mastered the developmental task of: A. Identity B. Industry C. Initiative D. Autonomy

B. Head circumference 31cm; chest circumference 33 cm Rationale: the head should not be smaller than the chest

During physical assessment of a newborn, which of the following comparative measurements would necessitate additional investigations? A. Head circumference 34cm; chest circumference 31cm B. Head circumference 31cm; chest circumference 33cm C. Head circumference 34.5cm; chest circumference 32 cm D. Head circumference 32 cm; chest circumference 30cm

C. Loves the parent of the opposite sex and hates the parent of the same sex

During the oedipal stage of growth and development, the child: A. Loves and hates both parents B. Loves the parent of the same sex and the parent of the opposite sex C. Loves the parent of the opposite sex and hates the parent of the same sex D. Loves the parent of the same sex and hates the parent of the opposite sex

A. Aspiration

In terms of preventive teaching for the parents of a 1 year old, the nurse should speak to them about: A. Aspiration B. Toilet training C. Adequate nutrition D. Sexual development

C. School-age children are the age group commonly aspirated.

Which of the following statements about causes of accidents during the school-age years is inaccurate? A. School-age children are more active and become more adventurous and daring. B. School-age children are more susceptible to hazards in the home environment. C. School-age children are the age group commonly aspirated. D. School-age children are less subject to parental control over their behavior.

C. Magical thinking

Which of the following would the nurse identify as the underlying rationale for a 4 year old who tells the nurse that her doll is in the hospital because it was bad. A. Egocentrism B. Past experience C. Magical thinking D. Decentering

C. Animism

The mother of 5 year old child tells the nurse that the child scolds the floor or the table if the child hurts herself on the object. This behavior is identified as: A. Object permanence B. Egocentri speech C. Animism D. Global organization

A. Talking in code

Practices common to school-age children include all the following except: A. Talking in code B. Starting collections C. Telling jokes D. Participating mostly in activities with both boys and girls

A. Encourages expression

Preschool children role play. This is an important part of socialization because it: A. Encourages expression B. Help children think about careers C. Teaches children about stereotypes D. Provides guidelines for adult behavior

D. Role confusion

The adolescent's inability to develop a sense of who he is and what he can become results in a sense of which of the following? A. Shame B. Guilt C. Inferiority D. Role confusion

C. This is normal behavior for a 2-year old child

A mother tells the nurse that her 22-month old child says "no" to everything. When scolded, the toddler becomes angry and starts crying loudly but then immediately want to be held. What is the best interpretation of this behavior? A. The toddler isn't effectively coping with the stress B. The toddler's need for attention isn't being met C. This is normal behavior for a 2-year old child D. This behavior suggests a need for counseling

C. Sexual curiosity is quite normal during this stage.

Ms. N tells you that she found her 5-year old daughter and her male cousin of the same age inspecting each other's private areas. What interpretation of this behavior would give to Ms. N. A. The child should be punished so this behavior won't happen again. B. Your daughter need counseling. C. Sexual curiosity is quite normal during this stage. D. Children are quite curious. Give them lots of opportunities to explore each other.

A. A quest for autonomy Rationale: Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development states Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt occurs between 18 months old to 3 years old, which the age of toddlers

Negativism demonstrated by toddlers is frequently an expression of: A. A quest for autonomy B. Hyperactivity C. Separation anxiety D. Sibling rivalry

C. Sense of inferiority and difficulty learning and working

If the school-age child has an unsuccessful resolution of the psychosocial crisis according to Erikson, which of the following may result? A. Trust-fear conflict and general difficulties relating to people B. Independence-fear conflict and severe feelings of self-doubt C. Sense of inferiority and difficulty learning and working D. Aggression-fear conflict and feelings of inadequacy or guilt

B. Earlier for girls than for boys

On average, the adolescent growth spurt begins: A. Earlier for boys than for girls B. Earlier for girls than for boys C. At approximately the same time for both sexes D. Between the seventh and eighth years

B. Inability to see another's point of view

Piaget describes the main characteristic of the 2- to 7-year-old child's intellectual development as egocentric. This means: A. Stubborness B. Inability to see another's point of view C. Sharing toys D. Preferring to play and assume responsibilities by oneself

C. Egocentrism

Piaget identifies that the 2- to 7-year-old child is in a preoperational stage. The nurse observes a toddler take a toy from another. The nurse recognizes the child unable to put him- or herself in the place of another is displaying: A. Concentration B. Negativism C. Egocentrism D. Selfishness

B. Are easily aspirated

Popcorn and nuts should not be given to a toddler primarily because they A. Will spoil the child's appetite B. Are easily aspirated C. Have very little food value D. Can cause tooth decay

C. This is a normal behavior at this age Rationale: based of Freud's psychosexual theory, the phallic stage is between 3-6 years old, which is the stage where sexual curiosity begins

The mother of a 4 year old child calls the clinic nurse and expresses concern because the child has been masturbating. The most appropriate response by the nurse is which of the following? A. The child is very young to begin this behavior and should be brought to the clinic B. This is not normal behavior, and the child should be seen by the physician C. This is a normal behavior at this age D. Children usually begin this behavior at 8 y.o.

B. Age 6 years

The mother of a 5 year old asks, "When do the deciduous teeth usually begin to fall out?" Which of the following is the nurse's most appropriate response? A. Age 5 years B. Age 6 years C. Age 7 years D. Age 8 years

C. At this age, the child is developing his own personality

The mother of an 8 year old child tells the clinic nurse that she is concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anything else. The most appropriate nursing response would be which of the following: A. You need to be concerned B. You need to monitor the child's behavior closely C. At this age, the child is developing his own personality D. You need to provide more praise to the child to stop this behavior

B. Industry Rationale: Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development states Industry vs Inferiority occurs 5-13 years old, which is the usual school-age

The nurse explained to the mother that according to Erikson's framework of psychosocial development, play as a vehicle of development can help the school-age develop a sense of: A. Initiative B. Industry C. Identity D. Intimacy

D. 3 to 5 1/2 years Rationale: Freud's psychosexual theory states five stages of human development: oral (0-1 yr), anal (2-3 yrs), phallic (3-6), latency (6yrs-puberty), and genital (beyond puberty)

The nurse is aware that Freud's phallic stage of psychosexual development, which compares with Erikson's psychosocial phase of initiative vs. guild, is best seen at: A. Adolescent B. 6 to 12 years C. Birth to 1 year D. 3 to 5 1/2 years

A. Rattles Rationale: babies aged 3-6 months old mostly require simple stimulations such as rattles

The nurse is aware that an appropriate toy for a 3 month old infant during hospitalization would be: A. Rattles B. Tricycle C. Ten piece puzzle D. Wagon

A. Picking up a rattle or toy and putting it into the mouth.

The nurse is aware that the play of a 5-month-old infant is in the oral stage. The nurse knows that this behavior is most likely to consist of: A. Picking up a rattle or toy and putting it into the mouth. B. Exploratory searching when a cuddly toy is hidden from view. C. Simultaneously kicking the legs and batting the hands in the air. D. Waving and clenching fits and dropping toys placed in hands.

B. Erikson Rationale: (A) Psychosexual. (C) Cognitive Development. (D) Moral Development.

The nurse is aware that the theorist behind psychosocial theory is which of the following? A. Freud B. Erikson C. Piaget D. Kohlberg

A. She looks for the toy that her parents hid under the blanket.

The nurse observes parents playing with their 10 month old daughter. Which behavior indicates that the infant is developing object permanence? A. She looks for the toy that her parents hid under the blanket. B. She returns the play blocks to the same spot on the table. C. She recognizes that a ball of clay is the same object even when it's flattened out. D. She bangs two cubes in her hands and throws them to the floor.

D. Approach and attitude of the parent

The nurse plans to talk to a mother about toilet training is the: A. Child's desire to be dry B. Ability of the child to sit still C. Child's willingness to work at it D. Approach and attitude of the parent

A. Give the infant a pacifier Rationale: Freud's psychosexual theory states five stages of human development: oral (0-1 yr), anal (2-3 yrs), phallic (3-6), latency (6yrs-puberty), and genital (beyond puberty)

To meet the major developmental need of a 4 month old infant in the immediate postoperative period the nurse should: A. Give the infant a pacifier B. Put a mobile over the infant's crib C. Provide the infant with a soft cuddly toy D. Warm the infant's formula before feeding

B. Cephalocaudal Rationale: this refers to "from head to toe." (A) means "from inner to farther laterally"

What is the process involved when the child cannot learn to control his knees until his buttocks are strong enough? A. Proximodistal B. Cephalocaudal C. Simple to complex D. Interdependent

B. "It is strongly suggestive of negative role modeling."

When asked about spanking as a disciplinary technique, the nurse's best response would be: A. "It really depends on the child's age." B. "It is strongly suggestive of negative role modeling." C. "This may be the only option when no other technique works." D. "Research studies have shown it to be an effective disciplinary technique."

A. Spaghetti and bread Rationale: the other options can aspirate

When ordering a regular diet for a young toddler the nurse should choose foods such as: A. Spaghetti and bread B. Corn dogs and French fries C. Hamburger with bun and grapes D. Hot dog with bun and potato chips

A. They have high level of curiosity

When teaching a parents' class, the nurse explains that medication and household cleaning products should be kept out of the reach of the pre-school because: A. They have high level of curiosity B. Their sense of taste is developing at this time C. Their appetite is greater to support rapid growth D. They rebel against parental authority during this phase

D. Verbalizes desire to go to the bathroom Rationale: (A) only when it's 2 hours does that mean the child is ready for toilet training

When teaching parents about the child's readiness for toilet training, which of the following signs should the nurse instruct them to watch for in the toddler? A. Demonstrates dryness for 4 hours B. Demonstrates inability to sit and walk C. Has a new sibling for stimulation D. Verbalizes desire to go to the bathroom

C. Object permanence

When the child is about 9 months of age, he will be expected to be able to play peek-a-boo. Which critical event of the sensorimotor phase of cognitive development does this demonstrate? A. Egocentrism B. Use of symbols C. Object permanence D. Separation of self from environment